Excipient used in the formulation of Emulsion
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This slide contains information about some common pharmaceutical excipients used in the formulation of a pharmaceutical dosage form named Emulsion.
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Emulsion
Emulsions are mixtures of two or more liquids where one liquid is dispersed as droplets in the other liquid. There is a dispersed phase and a continuous phase. Emulsions can be classified as oil-in-water (O/W), water-in-oil (W/O), or multiple emulsions. Emulsions are stabilized using emulsifying agents which lower the interfacial tension between the phases. Common emulsifying agents include carbohydrates, proteins, and alcohols. Emulsions are used to deliver poorly water-soluble drugs and provide benefits like masking unpleasant tastes, sustained release, and dermal delivery in cosmetics and topicals. However, emulsions are
Pharmaceutics - suspension
This document discusses suspensions, which are two-phase systems consisting of finely divided solid particles dispersed in a liquid vehicle. Suspensions can be classified based on administration route or particle size. They are useful for drugs with low solubility and can improve stability, release properties, and bioavailability compared to other dosage forms. However, suspensions are also prone to physical instability issues like sedimentation. The document outlines factors that affect sedimentation and strategies to improve suspension stability such as controlling particle size, viscosity, surface charge, and use of surfactants or flocculating agents. Wetting agents are also discussed which help disperse solid particles in the liquid vehicle by reducing surface tension.
General requirements of parenteral preparations
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Parenterals are formulated as solutions, suspensions, emulsions, powders, or nano systems. They contain an active ingredient, vehicle, and added substances to maintain stability and sterility. Added substances include solubilizers, antioxidants, chelating agents, antimicrobial preservatives, buffers, tonicity contributors, and protectants. Parenterals are formulated to be sterile and in stable forms like suspensions, solutions, emulsions or powders for reconstitution to facilitate easy administration while maintaining purity and therapeutic activity. They undergo quality testing for leakage, clarity, pyrogenicity and sterility.
Suspension ppt
Pharmaceutical suspension can be classified based on the dispersed phase, vehicle used, proportion of solid particles, particle size, etc. They can be stabilized using suspending agents, viscosity increasing agents, surface charge, etc. Recent advances include nano suspensions to improve solubility, taste masked suspensions to improve palatability, and sustained release suspensions to reduce dosing frequency. Evaluation methods include sedimentation studies, rheological measurements, and zeta potential determination.
Ointment ppt
This document defines ointments as semi-solid preparations for application to the skin. It discusses the types of ointments including medicated and non-medicated. It describes the ideal properties of ointments and different bases used to make them, including oleaginous, absorption, water-removable, and water-soluble bases. Methods for preparing ointments by incorporation and fusion are also outlined.
Semi solid dosage forms
This document provides an overview of semi-solid dosage forms such as ointments, creams, pastes, and gels. It discusses their ideal properties and examples. It also describes the basic introduction, ingredients used in preparation including bases, preservatives, emulsifiers, and gelling agents. Methods of preparation like trituration, fusion, and emulsification are covered. The preparation of oil and aqueous phases and mixing of phases is explained. Finally, the document discusses the storage conditions and references for semi-solid dosage forms.
Tablets
Tablets are solid oral dosage forms made by compressing powders containing active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients. Tablets offer advantages like precise dosing, low cost, stability, and ease of production and administration. Tablet production involves blending powders, granulation to improve flow and compression properties, lubrication, and compression using tablet presses to form the final tablets. Tablet properties, types, ingredients, manufacturing processes, and equipment are described in detail in the document.
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The document discusses the general requirements and components of sterile pharmaceutical products, including parenteral and ophthalmic formulations. It describes various vehicles, additives, and agents commonly used in sterile formulations and their purposes. These include aqueous and non-aqueous vehicles, antimicrobials, antioxidants, buffers, stabilizers, tonicity adjusting agents, and protectants. It also differentiates between small and large volume parenterals and outlines ideal properties of sterile dosage forms such as sterility, isotonicity, and stability.Parenteral formulations
Parenterals are formulated as solutions, suspensions, emulsions, powders, or nano systems. They contain an active ingredient, vehicle, and added substances to maintain stability and sterility. Added substances include solubilizers, antioxidants, chelating agents, antimicrobial preservatives, buffers, tonicity contributors, and protectants. Parenterals are formulated to be sterile and in stable forms like suspensions, solutions, emulsions or powders for reconstitution to facilitate easy administration while maintaining purity and therapeutic activity. They undergo quality testing for leakage, clarity, pyrogenicity and sterility.
Suspension ppt
Pharmaceutical suspension can be classified based on the dispersed phase, vehicle used, proportion of solid particles, particle size, etc. They can be stabilized using suspending agents, viscosity increasing agents, surface charge, etc. Recent advances include nano suspensions to improve solubility, taste masked suspensions to improve palatability, and sustained release suspensions to reduce dosing frequency. Evaluation methods include sedimentation studies, rheological measurements, and zeta potential determination.
Ointment ppt
This document defines ointments as semi-solid preparations for application to the skin. It discusses the types of ointments including medicated and non-medicated. It describes the ideal properties of ointments and different bases used to make them, including oleaginous, absorption, water-removable, and water-soluble bases. Methods for preparing ointments by incorporation and fusion are also outlined.
Semi solid dosage forms
This document provides an overview of semi-solid dosage forms such as ointments, creams, pastes, and gels. It discusses their ideal properties and examples. It also describes the basic introduction, ingredients used in preparation including bases, preservatives, emulsifiers, and gelling agents. Methods of preparation like trituration, fusion, and emulsification are covered. The preparation of oil and aqueous phases and mixing of phases is explained. Finally, the document discusses the storage conditions and references for semi-solid dosage forms.
Tablets
Tablets are solid oral dosage forms made by compressing powders containing active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients. Tablets offer advantages like precise dosing, low cost, stability, and ease of production and administration. Tablet production involves blending powders, granulation to improve flow and compression properties, lubrication, and compression using tablet presses to form the final tablets. Tablet properties, types, ingredients, manufacturing processes, and equipment are described in detail in the document.
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emulsion
This document discusses emulsions. It defines an emulsion as a dispersion of small globules of one liquid distributed throughout another immiscible liquid. Emulsions are classified based on the dispersed phase as oil-in-water or water-in-oil, and based on droplet size as macroemulsions or microemulsions. Emulsifying agents are substances that stabilize emulsions by forming films at the liquid interfaces. Various natural, semi-synthetic, and synthetic agents are described. Methods for preparing emulsions include dry gum, wet gum, and bottle methods. Factors that cause emulsion instability like cracking and creaming are also outlined.
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Opthalmic products
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Containers and closure system of parenterals.
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Semi solid dosage form
This document discusses semisolid dosage forms including ointments, creams, and gels. It defines these forms, describes common ingredients used in their preparation such as bases, preservatives, and gelling agents. Methods of preparation including fusion and emulsification are outlined. The document also discusses ideal properties and how these forms are evaluated based on parameters like penetration, release of active ingredients, and irritation potential.
emulsion formulation.pptx
This document discusses emulsions, including their definition, types, pharmaceutical applications, formulation, theories, preservation, and stability. An emulsion consists of two immiscible liquids with one dispersed as globules in the other. The main types are oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions. Pharmaceutical emulsions can deliver both oil-soluble and water-soluble drugs and enhance absorption. Various theories attempt to explain emulsion formation and stability. Proper preservation and packaging are needed to prevent microbial contamination. Emulsion stability depends on factors like droplet size, density differences, viscosity, and storage conditions.
Formulation of Emulsion
An emulsion is a dispersion of one liquid into another immiscible liquid. The key types are oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions. Emulsions have various pharmaceutical applications like masking unpleasant tastes and enhancing drug absorption. Emulsion stability and type depend on factors like the emulsifying agent used, its HLB value, and emulsion preparation method. Common tests are used to identify the emulsion type and stability must be ensured through proper preservation, packaging, and storage.
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This document provides an overview of pharmaceutical emulsions. It defines emulsions as dispersions of one liquid in another immiscible liquid, stabilized by an emulsifying agent. The key topics covered include the classification of emulsions as oil-in-water or water-in-oil, theories of emulsification, common emulsifying agents like surfactants and hydrocolloids, and factors affecting the stability of emulsions such as flocculation and creaming. Pharmaceutical applications of emulsions include lotions, creams, and ointments.
Preformulation studies(unit 1)
This document discusses preformulation studies and biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) classification. It provides an introduction to preformulation studies, which characterize the physical and chemical properties of drug substances alone and with excipients. The goals and types of preformulation studies are described. Key parameters evaluated in preformulation studies include physical characteristics, chemical characteristics, organoleptic properties, polymorphism, particle size and shape, powder flow properties, hygroscopicity, solubility, pH solubility profile and common ion effects, dissolution, and permeability. Methods for various preformulation tests are also outlined.
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This document discusses factors that can cause instability in emulsions over time during storage. The three main changes that can occur are cracking, creaming, and phase inversion. Cracking is the separation of phases and can result from changes in emulsifying agents, solvents, microbes, temperature, or creaming. Creaming is the upward movement of dispersed globules, which depends on globule size, density differences, viscosity, and storage temperature. Phase inversion is a change from one emulsion type to the other, such as oil-in-water to water-in-oil, brought on by electrolytes, phase volume ratios, temperature, or emulsifying agents. Proper packaging, labeling, and storage conditions can help promote emulsion
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This document discusses pharmaceutical suspensions. It begins by defining suspensions as heterogeneous systems with one substance dispersed in small units throughout another substance. Suspensions are classified based on route of administration and electrokinetic nature. Benefits include masking unpleasant tastes and controlling drug release. Challenges include physical instability and accurate dosing. Key factors in developing suspensions are preventing sedimentation, achieving uniformity, and pleasing attributes. Formulation considers vehicle structure, controlled flocculation, suspending agents, viscosity, surface tension, wetting agents, and solvents.
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This document discusses emulsions. It defines an emulsion as a dispersion of small globules of one liquid distributed throughout another immiscible liquid. Emulsions are classified based on the dispersed phase as oil-in-water or water-in-oil, and based on droplet size as macroemulsions or microemulsions. Emulsifying agents are substances that stabilize emulsions by forming films at the liquid interfaces. Various natural, semi-synthetic, and synthetic agents are described. Methods for preparing emulsions include dry gum, wet gum, and bottle methods. Factors that cause emulsion instability like cracking and creaming are also outlined.
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This document provides information about ointments, including their definition, types, bases, preparation, storage, and quality control testing. It defines ointments as greasy semisolid medicated preparations applied topically to the skin. The main types are unmedicated and medicated ointments. Medicated ointments are further divided into dermatologic, ophthalmic, rectal, vaginal, and nasal ointments based on the application site. The five classes of ointment bases are oleaginous, absorption, water-in-oil emulsion, oil-in-water emulsion, and water soluble/miscible bases. Quality control tests evaluate attributes like rate of absorption, irritation potential, and
Opthalmic products
This document discusses various ophthalmic products including eye drops, eye lotions, eye suspensions, eye ointments, and contact lens solutions. It describes the ideal characteristics of ophthalmic products such as being sterile, isotonic, and having the proper pH and viscosity. It also discusses the types of microorganisms that can cause eye infections and how sterility is achieved. The document provides details on the formulation, preparation, and labeling of different ophthalmic products.
Soft gelatin capsules
The presentation deals with a detailed study of soft gelatin capsules. this involves the production of soft gelatin capsule based on the importance of base adsorption factor and minim/gram factor. also quality control studies was also elaborated.
Drug stability
This document provides an overview of a seminar presentation on drug stability given by Ms. Swati S. Bharati to Mumbai University. The presentation covers topics such as the importance of stability testing, degradation pathways including physical, chemical and microbial degradation, kinetic stability, and solution and solid state stability. It defines stability and the purpose of stability studies. Examples are provided to illustrate different types of degradation pathways and how they can be prevented.
Containers and closure system of parenterals.
The document discusses various types of containers used for pharmaceutical products, including glass and plastic containers. It provides details on different types of glass containers based on their composition, such as lime soda glass, borosilicate glass, and neutral glass. It also discusses plastic containers such as thermoplastics and thermosettings. The document then covers various types of injection containers, including single dose small volume containers like ampoules and cartridges, and single dose large volume containers like transfusion bottles. It also discusses the differences between single dose and multiple dose containers.
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The document discusses preformulation, which involves determining the physicochemical properties of a new drug substance to aid in developing a stable dosage form. Key goals are to formulate a safe, effective dosage form with good bioavailability. The document outlines areas studied in preformulation including solubility, polymorphism, hygroscopicity, and particle characterization. Understanding these properties helps ensure the drug will perform as intended.
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Semi solid dosage form
This document discusses semisolid dosage forms including ointments, creams, and gels. It defines these forms, describes common ingredients used in their preparation such as bases, preservatives, and gelling agents. Methods of preparation including fusion and emulsification are outlined. The document also discusses ideal properties and how these forms are evaluated based on parameters like penetration, release of active ingredients, and irritation potential.
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This document discusses emulsions and suppositories. It begins by defining emulsions as heterogeneous, thermolabile mixtures of two immiscible liquids made miscible by an emulsifying agent. The document then classifies emulsions, discusses emulsifying agents and emulsion stability. It describes methods for preparing and detecting emulsions. Applications of emulsions in various industries are provided. The document also defines suppositories as solid dosage forms intended for insertion into body orifices. It discusses the characteristics, formulations and bases used for different types of suppositories.
Pharmaceutical ingredient and excipient.pptx
All drugs contain active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and excipients. Excipients are chemically inactive substances that help deliver the API to the body. Common excipients include binders, fillers, disintegrants, preservatives, and flavoring agents. Binders hold tablet ingredients together and give tablets strength. Fillers add bulk and volume. Disintegrants help tablets break down after ingestion. Preservatives prevent microbial growth. Flavoring agents improve taste. Together, APIs and excipients provide effective drug formulations for patients.
Emulsions Formulation Overview
Emulsions are thermodynamically unstable mixtures of two immiscible liquids where one liquid is dispersed as globules in the other with the help of an emulsifying agent. They can be oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions. Surfactants are needed to form and stabilize emulsions by reducing interfacial tension at the droplet surface. Emulsions will eventually separate or "break" as nature seeks to minimize free energy by reducing interfacial area between the liquids. Temperature, processing methods, and ingredients can all impact emulsion stability over time.
Analysis of excipients of interest
This document discusses excipients, which are inactive substances formulated alongside active pharmaceutical ingredients in medications. Excipients help ensure efficacious drug products by affecting properties like drug release consistency, stability, and ease of administration. They are classified into categories like binders, disintegrants, fillers, and lubricants. The document focuses on disintegrants, which help tablets break down in the gastrointestinal tract, and describes common types like starches and their derivatives, clays, and cross-linked polymers. It also discusses binders, emulsifiers, viscosity modifiers, and other excipient types and their ideal properties and functions in drug formulations.
Emulsion and suspensions
This document discusses emulsions and suspensions. It defines emulsions as biphasic liquid preparations containing two immiscible liquids, one dispersed as globules in the other. Suspensions are biphasic preparations where finely divided solids are dispersed in a liquid vehicle. The document describes the types of emulsions and suspensions, how they are formulated, stabilized, and evaluated. Key factors that determine stability include particle size, choice of emulsifying or flocculating agents, viscosity, and electrokinetic properties.
Pharmaceutical excipients
This document discusses various types of pharmaceutical excipients used in drug formulations. It defines excipients as pharmacologically inactive substances formulated alongside active pharmaceutical ingredients. Excipients provide bulk, facilitate drug absorption and stability, aid manufacturing, and improve handling. Common excipients include fillers, binders, disintegrants, coatings, preservatives, antioxidants, and solvents. Each excipient type has distinct functions and ideal properties. Proper excipient selection is important to ensure drug efficacy, stability, safety, and to avoid complications.
Emulsion SB
This document discusses pharmaceutical emulsions. It defines emulsions as mixtures of two immiscible liquids, with one liquid dispersed as droplets in the other. The document covers types of emulsions like oil-in-water and water-in-oil, advantages and disadvantages, identification tests, emulsifying agents, theories of emulsification, methods of preparation, and factors affecting stability.
Semi solid dosage form
This document discusses formulation development of semisolid dosage forms. It describes the ideal properties of semisolids and different types of semisolid bases used in formulations. The key bases mentioned include oleaginous bases, absorbent bases, emulsion bases and water soluble bases. Various methods for preparing semisolids like ointments, creams and pastes are outlined. The document also discusses preparation of oil and aqueous phases, importance of homogenization and controlling factors like temperature, time and mechanical work in emulsion manufacturing.
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Excipient used in the formulation of Emulsion
- 1. Pharmaceutical excipients used in the formulation of Emulsion
- 2. Definition: An emulsion is a two phase system prepared by combining two immiscible liquids, one of which uniformly dispersed throughout the other and consists of globules that have diameters equal to or greater than those of the largest colloidal particles
- 3. Ideal Properties of an emulsion: It should able to reduce the interfacial tension between the two immiscible liquids It should be physically and chemically stable inert It should be non irritant and non toxic in the concentration used It should be able to produce and maintain the required viscosity of the preparation. It should prevent the coalescence of the droplet of the dispersed phase
- 4. Types of emulsion Simple- i. Oil-in-water (O/W) ii. Water-in-oil (W/O) Multiple emulsion- i. Oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) ii. Water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) Micro emulsion- Clear transparent solutions. Particle size ranges from 10-200nm
- 5. Why do we prefer emulsion?
- 6. Excipients Excipients are substances other than the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) that have been appropriately evaluated for safety and are intentionally included in a drug delivery system.
- 7. Ideal Properties of excipient No interaction with drug Physical and chemical stability Non toxic and non irritant Cost effective Pharmacologically and physiologically inert No interference with drug bioavailability Should be effective at low concentration
- 8. Excipients are used in emulsion production: Emulsifying agent Antioxidant Buffering agent Preservative Solvent Co-solvent Flavoring agent Vehicle Antimicrobial agent
- 9. Emulsifying agent An emulsifier is a substance that stabilizes an emulsion by increasing its kinetic stability. One class of emulsifiers is known as "surface active agents", or surfactants.
- 10. Why are they added in emulsion? To prevent the coalescence of globules of dispersed phase They help In formation of emulsion by three mechanisms: Reduction in interfacial tension Formation of a rigid interfacial film Formation of an electrical double layer
- 11. Examples: • Glyceryl behenate • Glyceryl monooleate • Glyceryl stearate • Hectorite Glyceryl stearate
- 12. Antioxidant An antioxidant is a molecule that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules. Oxidation is a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals, leading to chain reactions that may damage cells. Why it is used?? To prevent degradation by oxidation
- 13. Examples: • Ascorbic acid (AA, E300) and tocopherols (E306propyl gallate (PG, E310), • Tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), • Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA, E320) • Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, E321) Tertiary butylhydroquinone
- 14. Buffering agents These are materials which, when dissolved in solvent will enable the solution to resist any change in pH should an acid or an alkali be added. The choice of suitable buffer depends on the pH and buffer in capacity required. Why it is used?? To prevent a rapid change in pH when acids or bases are added to the solution.
- 15. Examples: Citrate Phosphate Acetate Carbonate
- 16. Preservatives They are substances that are commonly added to various foods and pharmaceutical products in order to prolong their shelf life. Why it is used? To protect products.
- 17. Example: • Sorbic acid, sodium sorbate and sorbates • Benzoic acid, sodium benzoate and benzoates • Hydroxybenzoate and derivatives • Sulfur dioxide and sulfites Sodium benzoate
- 18. Solvents and co-solvents: A solvent is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution. Co-solvent is a solvent that in conjunction with another solvent can dissolve a solute. Why it is used??? o They provide molecules to build some drugs. o For other drugs, solvents are used for extraction and purification.
- 19. Example: • Water • Sorbitol • Glycerol • Propylene glycol • Ether • Alcohol
- 20. Flavoring agent: Our pharmaceutical flavors are available in liquid or powder form, in a variety of concentrations, formulations and sizes. Flavors may be natural or artificial. Why it is used?? To mask unpleasant flavor and to improve the acceptance
- 21. Examples: • Essential oils- To improve a bitter product - mint, cherry or anise a salty product - peach, apricot a sour product - raspberry • Amyl acetate -banana flavoring • Ethyl butyrate- pineapple. Note: Diethylene Glycol and Monoethyl ether, shall not be used as solvent in flavors.
- 22. Thank You
- 23. Any Question???