E-waste consists of discarded electronic items like computers, printers, and cell phones. It is one of the fastest growing waste streams worldwide. Sources of e-waste include the private sector, government offices, hospitals, and homes. If not properly managed, e-waste poses health and environmental risks due to toxic materials. Legislation in countries like India and the US aim to increase e-waste recycling and reduce improper disposal through take-back programs and recycling targets for manufacturers. Proper e-waste management includes collection, sorting, transportation, and recycling to recover valuable materials and avoid pollution.

1. E-WASTE
Sources and Management

2. E-WASTE
E-waste consist of Wastes generated from
used IT, Electronic and Electrical
appliances such as Computer Monitor,
CPU, Printer, Hard disk etc which are
rejected and not fit for their original use
and are destined to Recycling or Disposal.

3. CONTENTS
 Introduction: What is E-Waste?
 Sources of E-Waste
 Let’s have a Glance
 Impact of E-Waste on Human Life- Case Study
 E-Waste Recycling Legislation
 Why Recycle E- Waste
 E-Waste Management
 Reuse of E-waste
 Policies and Conventions
 Organizations
 Conclusion

4. Sources of E-Waste
Private Sectors
(Restaurants ,
Industries):
• PC
• Boilers
• Mixer
• Signal Generators
• Incubator
• etc
Government:
• PC
• CPU
• FAX machine
• Xerox machine
• Scanner
• Fan
• Tube lights
• Air conditions
• etc
Hospitals:
• PC
• Monitors
• ECG device
• Microscope
• Incubator
• etc
Home:
• PC
• Television
• Radio
• Cell phones
• Washing machine
• Microwave oven
• CD player
• Fan
• Electric Iron
• etc

5. LET’S HAVE A GLANCE
o An estimated 50 million tons of E-waste are produced
each year.
o The USA discards 30 million computers each year and
100 million phones are disposed of in Europe each year.
o The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that
only 15–20% of e-waste is recycled, the rest of these
electronics go directly into landfills and incinerators.
o According to a report by UNEP titled, "Recycling –
from E-Waste to Resources," the amount of e-waste
being produced – including mobile phones and
computers – could rise by as much as 500 percent over
the next decade in some countries, such as India.

6. LET’S HAVE A GLANCE: INDIA
 India, which has emerged as the world’s second largest
mobile market, is also the fifth largest producer of e-waste,
discarding roughly 18.5 lakhs tones of electronic waste each
year.
 With more than 100 crore mobile phones in circulation,
nearly 25 per cent end up in e-waste annually.
 Among the top ten cities generating E-Waste, Mumbai
ranks first followed by Delhi, Bengaluru, Chennai, Kolkata,
Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Pune, Surat & Nagpur.
 Telecom equipment alone accounts for 12 per cent of the e-
waste, a joint study by Assocham-KPMG said.

7. IMPACT OF E-WASTE ON HUMAN LIFE
❖Bangalore, located in southern India, is often
referred as the "Silicon Valley of India" and has a
growing informal e-waste recycling sector. Hair
samples were collected from workers at an e-waste
recycling facility and an e-waste recycling slum
community in Bangalore. Levels of V, Cr, Mn, Mo, Sn,
Tl, and Pb were significantly higher in the workers at
the e-waste recycling facility compared to the e-waste
workers in the slum community. However, Co, Ag, Cd,
and Hg levels were significantly higher in the slum
community workers compared to the facility workers.
❖A study in Ghana found higher levels of urinary
PAH-metabolites in e-waste workers compared to
unexposed controls. They also found a greater
frequency of complaints of cough, chest pain, and
vertigo from those exposed to emissions from the e-
waste recycling processes.

8. E-WASTE RECYCLING LEGISLATION
In the United States, 25 states have mandated
electronics recycling, covering 65 percent of the U.S.
population. Almost all of these policies require
manufacturer responsibility to fund the recycling
effort. California, by contrast, utilizes an advanced
recycling fee(ARF) paid by consumers to fund the
recycling of old televisions, computer monitors, and
DVD players.
At the federal level, the Responsible Electronics
Recycling Act was introduced in 2011, which would
prohibit the export of e-waste, but is not expected to
pass.

9. NOTIFICATION BY MINISTRY OF
ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE
CHANGE
 The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has
notified e-waste management rules, 2016, in which producers are
for the first time covered under extended producers’ responsibility
(EPR).
“The EPR is an environment protection strategy that makes the
producer responsible for the entire life cycle of the product,
specially for take back, recycle and final disposal of the product”.
(E-Waste: Management and Handling Rules, 2011)
 The rules prescribe a waste collection target of 30 per cent waste
generated under EPR for the first two years, progressively going
up to 70 per cent in the seventh year of the rule.
 The rules prescribe stringent financial penalties for non-
compliance.

10. WHY RECYCLE ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS?
Electronic products are made from valuable resources
and materials, including metals, plastics, and glass, all
of which require energy to mine and manufacture.
Donating or recycling consumer electronics conserves
our natural resources and avoids air and water
pollution, as well as greenhouse gas emissions that are
caused by manufacturing virgin materials.
For example:
Recycling one million laptops saves the energy
equivalent to the electricity used by more than 3,500
US homes in a year.
For every million cell phones we recycle, 35 thousand
pounds of copper, 772 pounds of silver, 75 pounds of
gold and 33 pounds of palladium can be recovered.

11. CURRENT DISPOSAL TECHNIQUES
In India Scrap Workers are
using Unsystematic manner
for the disposal of e-waste
which is a dangerous practice
for Environment.

12. E-WASTE MANAGEMENT
The major components of E-waste Management are -
◼ E-waste collection, sorting and transportation
◼ E-waste recycling
In industries, management of E-waste is done by Waste
Minimization Techniques. It involves-
◼ Inventory management
◼ Production-process modification,
◼ Volume reduction
◼ Recovery and reuse

13. REUSE OF E-WASTE
Reuse is the environmentally preferable option for managing older
electronics equipment
By extending the useful life of old products, reuse conserves the energy and
raw materials needed to manufacture new products and doing so reduces the
pollution
Reuse also gives people who cannot afford new products access to
electronic equipment at reduced or at low cost
Almost all domestic and part of imported E-Waste are reused in following
ways:
• Direct second-hand use
• Use after repair or slight modification
• Use of some parts like monitor cabinet, main board for making new appliances

14. POLICY AND CONVENTIONS
Environment Protection Act
Basel Action Network (BAN)
Basel Convention
China RoHS
e-Stewards
Restriction of Hazardous Substances
Directive (RoHS)
Soesterberg Principles
Sustainable Electronics Initiative (SEI)
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive

15. ORGANIZATIONS
Asset Disposal and Information Security Alliance
(ADISA)
Empa
Ifixit
International Network for Environmental Compliance
and Enforcement
Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries (ISRI)
Solving the E-waste Problem
World Reuse, Repair and Recycling Association

16. CONCLUSION
1. As far as e-waste is concerned, it has emerged as one of the
fastest growing waste streams world wide today.
2. Electronic equipment is one of the largest known sources of
heavy metals without effective collection, reuse, and recycling
systems, they will be dangerous to environment
3. Reuse and recycling of electronic equipment is a beneficial
alternative than disposal
4. Product design by using safe and environment friendly raw
materials and most emerging technologies
5. Awareness of e-waste
6. Implementation of legislation

17. Submitted By:
Jyotsna Tiwary
Master of Social work
(Micro Finance & Rural Development)
National Institute of Technology Allahabad
Let’s keep our city clean!!