5. E-waste: Definition
Are those electronic equipments/ products
that connect with power plug, batteries which
have become obsolete due to :
- advancement in technology
- changes in fashion, style and status
- nearing the end of their useful life
6. Classification: types of e-waste
• Mobile Phones • Washing Machine
• Computers • Cartridges
• Servers • Military electronic
• Telecom • Mother board
• TV • Alarm
• Calculators • Sirens
• Audio • Automobile Catalytic
• Scanners Converter
• Printers • Sensor
• Air Conditioner • CD
• Microwave • Security Device
7. Hazardous waste
Chemicals Present in which part of electronic
devices
Lead Cathode ray tubes and solder
Arsenic Older cathode ray tubes
Antimony trioxide Flame retardants
Mercury Switches
Selenium Circuit boards
Cadmium Circuit boards
Chromium Steel as corrosion protection
Cobalt Steel for structure and magnetivity
8. Quick Facts
• 1200 tons of scrap / yr , Only 11% of e-waste
get recycled
• India's hospitals to see patients with 10 times
the expected level of lead in their blood
• In India, a water sample revealed levels of
lead 190 times as high as the drinking water
standard set by the World Health
Organization.
9. • Old computers and, mobiles are being dumped in
Asia where they are releasing toxic materials into the
environment.
• A pile of 500 computers contains 717kg of lead,
1.36kg of cadmium, 863 grams of chromium and 287
grams of mercury – all poisonous metals.
• CRT tubes contain avg of 4 pounds of lead
• Thousands of children throughout the India are
attending schools that were built on or near toxic
waste sites, with increased risk of developing
asthma, cancer, learning disorders and other
diseases linked to environmental pollutants.
14. Scenario
• Batteries have toxic constituents such as cadmium and
brominated flame-retardants and are replaced at least once
before retiring the phones.
• Indian mobile phone users are expected to rise to over 120
million by 2008, making telecom sector one of the most
lucrative markets.
• In the United States alone, experts estimate that 130 million
cell phones will be discarded by the year 2005, resulting in
65,000 tonnes of cell phone waste -- most probably headed
towards Indian shores to be dumped here.
16. The Indian picture
• India, one of the fastest growing mobile
telephone markets in the world
• Boasted over 14.17 million mobile phone
subscribers in May 2003
• About 102.8 per cent more than the previous
year.
17. • Mobile phone users are expected to rise to
over 120 million by 2008
• The advent of ‘use and throw’ , ‘low value-low
life’ CHINA MOBILES has caused havoc in e-
waste.
21. Why exported to India ???
• Cheap labour
US - $ 30/ computer
India - $ 2/ computer
Saving - $ 28/ computer
• Weak environmental laws
• Excess dumping of CRT tubes due to the ramp walk
of flat screen monitors
• Driven by the potential for corporate profits
22. Indian Scenario
• Delhi, Bangalore, Hyderabad-largest contributors
• Informal recylers (cheap labour)
• Technology rudimentary
• 7 million ppl in Bangalore – direct contributors of e-
waste
• Dioxins in the recyling place
• Lead to cancer
• 330000 tonnes generated in 2007
• 19000 processed
30. Health impact
• DNA : damage in lymphocytes, fetal and developmental toxicity; growth
retardation; abnormal brain development, which can result in intellectual
impairment; and possible long-term impacts on memory, learning and
behaviour.
• Nervous System: damage to the central nervous system (CNS) and blood system,
including CNS depression and neurotoxicity; immune system suppression,
including inhibition of a key blood cell enzyme.
• Organs : damage to the brain, including swelling; liver, including liver necrosis;
kidney, including renal toxicity; thyroid; pancreas; lymph nodes; spleen; and
bone, including bone toxicity.
•
Skin : contact dermatitis; skin lesions; carcinogenic, including tumour promotion
and lung cancer; anaemia; CBD (a currently-incurable, debilitating disease that
can sometimes be fatal); and mortality.
•
Other: hypertension (high blood pressure); cardiovascular and heart disease;
respiratory tract irritation, including irritation of the nose, mouth and eyes.
33. Future !!!
• India emerging as a graveyard for the world’s e-waste
• More amount of money to be spent on medical bills
if proper attention and care not given importance
• Less availability of space as playgrounds for children
and the presence of more number of dumping
grounds
34. Recommendations
• Promote recycling units to ease process and to
encourage generators to have proper e-waste
disposal
• Impart training to generators on e-waste
handling
• Awareness program on recycling
35. • Fix duties and responsibilities to recyclers
• Tax incentives for scrap dealers
• Reward and reprimand schemes for
performance and non-compliance of e-waste
management
• To make recycling business viable one
36. • Government should encroach legal import of e-waste
• Should subsidize recyling and disposal industry
• Incentive schemes for garbage collectors, general
public
• Disposal fee from manufacturers and consumers
