The document discusses the increasing reliance on electronic products and the resulting rise in electronic waste (e-waste), which poses significant environmental and health risks due to improper disposal methods. It highlights the growing e-waste crisis in both international contexts, particularly in the USA and the EU, and within India, where major cities generate substantial amounts of e-waste. The document calls for improved recycling and disposal methods, as well as greater public awareness and regulatory measures to mitigate the adverse effects of e-waste.

6.  Electronic products have made our life easy by saving time
and being efficient. Now it has become difficult for us to
function without electronic equipments. Electronic
products, which were once thought to be luxury, have
presently become a need.
 From villages to cities, all of them have been using
electronic products either in the form of radio or a high-
tech computers. Increase in the use of electronic products
have resulted in increase in production of these products
and hence created a new waste, which is termed as
Electronic waste or E-Waste. The E-Waste is one of the
fastest growing environmental problems of the world, as
there is a lack of awareness among people about its
treatment and serious impacts.

7. Electronic waste, e-waste, e-
scrap, or Electronic-
disposal, waste electrical and
electronic
equipment (WEEE) describes
discarded electrical or
electronic devices.
"Electronic waste" may be
defined as discarded
computers, office electronic
equipment, entertainment
device electronics, mobile
phones, television sets
and refrigerators.

8.  PC in 2yrs
 Mob phone 1-3 yrs
 Camera 3-5 years
 Every year
 2 million items
 1200 Tons scraps from
Manufacturers
 8000 Tons alone from
Bangalore
 Dumping of obsolete and
old electronic items from
developed countries at
cheaper cost or even free
WHAT IS E-WASTE ?

10. (A) International Scenario:
 In USA, it accounts 1% to 3% of the total municipal
waste generation.
 In European Union (EU), e-waste is growing three
times faster than average annual municipal solid
waste generation. A recent source estimates that
total amount of e-waste generation in EU ranges
from 5 to 7 million tonnes per annum or about 14
to 15 kg per capita and is expected to grow at a
rate of 3% to 5% per year.
 In developed countries, currently it equals 1% of
total solid waste generation and is expected to
grow to 2% by 2010.

12.  The total e-waste generated in India amounts to 1,46,180
tons per year.
 Sixty-five cities in India generate more than 60% of the
total e-waste generated in India.
 Ten states generate 70% of the total e-waste generated in
India includes Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Andhra
Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Delhi, Karnataka,
Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Punjab.
 Among top ten cities generating e-waste, Mumbai ranks
first followed by Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata,
Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Pune, Surat and Nagpur.
 In India, increased demand for the key products like PC, TV,
and Telephones in last 5-10 year has been responsible for
the increasing amount of e-waste generation.

14. (B) Indian Scenario:
The growth rate of discarded electronic
waste is high in India since it has emerged as
an Information Technology giant and due to
modernization of lifestyle. We are using
electronic products for last 60 years however,
there is no proper disposal system followed in
our country that has lead to enormous amount
of e-waste. There is a need to find proper
disposal and recycling technique so that
environmental pollution and health hazards
can be reduced.
**Following graph projects the increasing
demand for electronics hardware products in
India.

16. (c) State Scenario:
In India, Among the 10 states, Maharashtra ranks first in the
e-waste generation. The total e-waste generation in Maharashtra
accounts for 20,270.6 tons per year. It shows that Greater Mumbai
and Pune generates maximum amount of e-waste. This is due to
the presence of a large number of Info Tech Parks & electronic
products manufacturing companies situated in these areas, which
plays the main role in e-waste generation.
 CPCB has identified Pune as one of the top ten cities
generating e-waste. According to MPCB, more than 19,000 tonnes
of e-waste is generated in Pune and Pimpri-Chinchwad area and
the projected growth in the e-waste is estimated at 3500 tonnes a
year.

17.  E-waste contains significant quantities of toxic
metals and chemicals. If these are left
untreated and disposed off in landfills or not
recycled by using proper methods of recycling,
they leach into the surrounding soil, water and
the atmosphere, and causes adverse effects on
human health and environment. Many
elements of this waste contain poisonous
substances such as lead, tin, mercury,
cadmium and barium, which cause severe
diseases like cancer, birth defects,
neurological and respiratory disorders

18.  Many elements of
this waste contain
poisonous substances
such as lead, tin,
mercury, cadmium
and barium, which
cause severe diseases
like cancer, birth
defects, neurological
and respiratory
disorders

19. Item Produce Affect
Solder Lead Nervous sys
Semi cdr Cd Kidney, Lever
Switches/PCBs Hg Brain, Skin
Protective layers Cr DNA, Bronchoitis
Cable NSN Plastic/PVC Immune sys, Repro Sys
Plastic Hsg Br Endocrine
CRT(Front Pnl) Ba Heart, Lever, Muscles
Mother Boards Beryllium(Be) Lung cancer, Skin
*Hazards associated with E-waste

20.  International Scenario:
 50 to 80% e-wastes collected is exported for recycling by U.S. Export is legal in U.S.
 Exported e-waste recycling and disposal in China, India and Pakistan is highly
polluting.
 Indian Scenario:
 The electronic waste management assumes greater significance in India not only due to
the generation of our own waste but also dumping of e-waste particularly computer
waste from the developed countries.
 There are two small e-waste dismantling facilities functioning in Chennai and
Bangalore.
 Five e-waste recyclers around Chennai have been recognized by the Tamil Nadu
Pollution Control Board — Thrishyiraya Recycling India Pvt Ltd, INAA Enterprises,
AER World Wide (India) private Ltd, TESAMM Recyclers India Pvt Ltd and Ultrust
Solution (I) Pvt Ltd.
 In Mumbai, Eco Reco Company that has been authorized by Maharashtra Pollution
Control Board is involved in the management of e-waste. It collects e-waste across India
and recycles it in an environment friendly manner. TCS, SBI, Castrol, M & M, Oberoi
Groups of Hotels, Gati, Alfa Laval, Pfizer, HDFC, Aventis Pharma, GPEC, Tata Ficosa
are recycling their e-waste with the help of Eco Reco.
 SIMS Recycling Ltd. a multinational company has submitted a proposal to Pune
Municipal Corporation (PMC) to solve the problem of e- waste in Pune city. It will
collect and treat the e-waste in their recycling plant outside India.

21. (a)Landfilling:
 It is one of the most widely used methods
for disposal of e-waste. In landfilling, trenches
are made on the flat surfaces. Soil is excavated from
the trenches and waste material is buried in it,
which is covered by a thick layer of soil. Modern
techniques like secure landfill are provided with
some facilities like, impervious liner made up of
plastic or clay, leachate collection basin that collects
and transfer the leachate to wastewater treatment
plant. The degradation processes in landfills are
very complicated and run over a wide time span.


22. (b) Incineration:
It is a controlled and complete combustion
process, in which the waste material is burned in
specially designed incinerators at a high temperature
(900-1000oC). Advantage of incineration of e-waste is
the reduction of waste volume and the Utilization of
the energy content of combustible materials. Some
plants remove iron from the slag for recycling. By
incineration some environmentally hazardous
organic substances are converted into less hazardous
compounds. Disadvantage of incineration are the
emission to air of substances escaping flue gas
cleaning and the large amount of residues from gas
cleaning and combustion. e-waste incineration
plants contribute significantly to the annual
emissions of cadmium and mercury. In addition,
heavy metals not emitted into the atmosphere are
transferred to slag and exhaust gas residues and can
reenter the environment on disposal. Therefore, e-
waste incineration will increase these emissions, if
no reduction measures like removal of heavy metals
are taken.

23. (c)Recycling of e-waste:
Monitors & CRT, keyboards, laptops,
modems, telephone boards, hard drives, floppy
drives, Compact disks, mobiles, fax machines,
printers, CPUs, memory chips, connecting wires &
cables can be recycled.
Recycling involves dismantling i.e. removal of
different parts of e-waste containing dangerous
substances like PCB, Hg, separation of plastic,
removal of CRT, segregation of ferrous and non-
ferrous metals and printed circuit boards.
Recyclers use strong acids to remove precious
metals such as copper, lead, gold. The value of
recycling from the element could be much higher
if appropriate technologies is used. The recyclers
working in poorly–ventilated enclosed areas
without mask and technical expertise results in
exposure to dangerous and slow poisoning
chemicals.
The existing dumping grounds in India are full
and overflowing beyond capacity and it is difficult
to get new dumping sites due to scarcity of land.
Therefore recycling is the best possible option for
the management of e-waste.

24. (d) Re-use:
 It constitutes direct second hand use or
use after slight modifications to the
original functioning equipment. Large
companies should purchase the used
equipments back from the customers
and ensure proper treatment and
disposal of e-waste by authorized
processes. This can considerably reduce
the volume of e- waste generation.

26. Electronic Waste Dump of the World:
Guiyu, China
Guiyu in the Shantou region of China is a huge electronic
waste processing area. It is often referred to as the “e-
waste capital of the world.”
The city employs over 150,000 e-waste workers that work
through 16-hour days disassembling old computers and
recapturing whatever metals and parts they can reuse or sell.
Guiyu is only one example of digital dumps

30.  By Government
 Regulation
 Laws &
Admintrative
procedures
 Standards of
substances
 Encourage reuse
 Educate e-waste
Mgt
 R&D
 Antidumping
measures
 Support to NGOs
•By industry
•Proper disposal by
generators themselves
•Label recycling materials
•Easy disaasembly of
components
•Encourage green
procurement
•Green packaging
•Entire value chain takes
the responsibility of
recycling/disposal
•Customers to be
educated for disposal
•Buy back options
•By citizens
•No disposal through
house holds
•While buying
•Donate products to
schools, non profit
orgns for longer use
•Product withless
toxiccontains
•Recycle containers
•Energy efficient
products
•Easily upgradable
products
•Use minimum
packaging
•Buy certified goods
What Is Required To Be Done?

31.  Factories Act 1948 (amended till 1987): There are several contaminants arising out from
manufacturing or recycling of electronic components and are listed in this Act.
 Environmental Protection Rules 1986 (amended till 2004):
There is no direct standard, which can address pollutants from an electronics manufacturing
or recycling industries. However certain PCB units fall in electroplating category and are
therefore required to be abide by the effluent disposal norms as given in schedule 1 of this
rules.
 Hazardous waste (management and Handling) rules 1989, amended in 2003:
 Schedule 2 of this act can be applied for the disposal of e-waste.
 Schedule 3 entry at SI. No. A1180: Waste electrical and electronic assemblies (For EXIM i. e.
Export Import)
 Schedule 3 entry at SI. No. B1110: Electrical and electronic assemblies not valid for direct
reuse but for recycling (For EXIM)
 Hazardous Waste (management, Handling and Transboundary movement) rules 08:
 Part A of Schedule III (Basal No. 1180) consists of list of e-waste applicable for import with
prior informed consent.
 Part B of schedule III (Basal No. 1110) deals with list of e-waste applicable for import and
export not requiring prior informed consent.
 Basal Convention:The Basal convention on the control of transboundary movements of
hazardous wastes and their disposal, adopted by a conference in Basal (Switzerland) in 1989,
was developed under UNEP.
 Guidelines: Guidlines for environmentally sound management for e-waste are given by
CPCB. (Visit http://www.cpcb.nic.in/e_Waste.php for further details)

32. The Process
Step 1
 Contact Eco Raksha via telephone at (+91) 96111 08003 or via email at
info@ecoraksha.com and let us know what you'd like to dispose and we'll get started
on a customized solution.
Step 2
 An Eco Raksha team member would visit your facility
Conduct an Audit of the assets for disposal
 Forward you a comprehensive and customized Computer Asset Recovery and
Recycling Services proposal within 2 working days
Step 3
 We'll arrange for the shipping of your e-waste to our facility. Eco Raksha will work
with a logistics/shipping company to determine a customized and convenient
shipping solution.
Step 4
 At this stage, we process all of the electronic assets, thoroughly inspecting and
testing each item. We'll also completely erase your personal or company data from
each computer or other electronic item submitted. Ultimately, our goal is to re-use or
recycle as much of the e-waste as possible, while compliantly disposing the scrap as
per the highest environmental standards.
 Within 30 days of receiving your electronic assets, we will provide you with:
1)A settlement report, detailing what items were disposed of
2)A certificate of disposal

35. Hi-Tech Recycling India (P) Ltd.
Admin Office:
Office No. 60
Aditya Shagun Mall
NDA-Pashan Road
Bavdhan, Pune 411 021
Tel : (020) 6652-1000
Workshop:
Hi-Tech Recycling India Pvt. Ltd.
Sy.No. 532, Property No. 571
Near Silver Court Hotel
ATP.: Bhugaon, Tal: Mulshi
Dist - Pune
Maharashtra
Tel: (020) 3232-0447
Website: www.hitechrecycling.in
SIMS Recycling
Solutions
C-4, Row House
Clover Highlands
Off NIBM Road,
Kondwa, Pune
Tel: 87-544-79933, 98-
605-99993
Email: sanjay.saxena@sim
smm.com
Website: www.simsmm.co
m

43. A SEMINAR REPORT ON
“E-WASTE”
Presented BY
MR.RAHUL M. GUPTA
TRINITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH,PUNE
Dated: 26-10-2013