e-waste, classification, e waste management, e waste at global level, policies & regulations, case study

1. A Review to E Waste : Environmental hazards and
current management
Presented by :
DEBARUN PAUL

2. Contents :
 What is e waste
 Classification of e waste
 Hazardous Substances
 Problems
 E waste management
 E waste at global level
 Case study
 Policies & Regulations
 E waste management facilities
 Solutions
 Conclusion

3. What is E Waste?
• E waste or electronic waste refers to electrical and electronic
equipments that have reached their utility life.
• E waste includes
discarded computer, office
electronic equipments,
mobile phones, TV
sets,refrigerator,
entertainment device
electronics and other
items that have been
discarded by their original
user.

4. What is e waste
management?
• It is the process of extracting the parts
out of e waste either to sell or to reuse.
• It is also called urban mining.
• The major components of e waste
managementt are – collection of e
waste, sorting and transportation of
e waste, processing of e waste,
repairing of e waste, recycling of e
waste, dismantling, component
recovery from e waste, residual
disposal of e waste.

5. Classification of e waste
Large household
appliances :
refrigerator, freezer,
washing machine
,etc. Small household
appliances:
vacuum cleaner,
trimmer, etc.,
IT and
telecommunication
Equipments :
minicomputers,
laptops, printers,
mobile phones ,etc.,
Consumer
equipments :
radios
televisions,
musical
instruments , etc.,
Lighting
equipments:
fluorescent
lamps & high
intensity
discharge lamps
Electrical and
electronic tools:
soldering iron,
sewing machine
,etc.,
Sporting and leisure
goods : video games,
sports equipment with
electric elements
Medical devices :
radiotherapy,
pulmonary
ventilators,
analysers, etc.,
Monitoring &
control
instruments:
smoke detectors,
thermostat ,etc.,
Automatic dispensers
: all appliances that
automatically deliver
various products
E Waste types

6. Substances in e waste
• Americium
• Lead
• Mercury
• Sulphur
• Cadmium
• Barium
• Oxide
• Aluminium
• Copper
• Germanium
• Gold
• Iron
• Lithium
• Nickel
• Silicon
• Zinc
• Tin
Hazardous Non
Hazardous

7. Hazardous substances and their
effects
Substance Adverse effects
Mercury Brain and liver damage
Lead Vomiting, diarrhoea, convulsions,
coma or even death
Barium Brain swelling , muscle weakness
Americium Radioactive element
Chromium Irritation to eye and skin, DNA
damage
Cadmium Symptoms of poisoning, lung
cancer
Arsenic Skin disease ,lung cancer

8. Problems of e waste
• The problem of e waste is growing at an unsustainable
rate
• E waste is responsible for potential environmental contamination,
leading to destruction of ecosystem
• E waste is now the fastest growing
and most toxic component of
municipal grabage
• Casula processing to e waste is
leading to grave health problems
in developing countries.
Exposure to substances of e
waste for a prolonged time
damage kidney, the nervous
system, skeletal system and
reproduction system

9. Contd.
• Sensitive data loss, consumer scam, identity theft, data
breaches and loss of integrity may occur due to improper
disposal of e waste
• Local governmens are facing
huge costs to handle e waste
• Thousands of tonnes of e
waste are falsely declared
as second hand goods &
exported from developed
counties for dumping
purpose

10. DID YOU KNOW ?
• We generate around 40 million tons of electronic waste every year,
worldwide. That’s like throwing 800 laptops every second.
• An average cellphone user replaces their unit once every 18
months.E-waste comprises 70% of our overall toxic waste.
• Only 12.5% of E-Waste is recycled.
• Americans dump phones containing over $60 million in gold/silver
every year.
• Recycling circuit boards can be more valuable than mining for ore!
One ton of circuit boards is estimated to contain 40 to 800 times
more gold than one metric ton of ore.
• Approximately 350,000 mobile phones are disposed of each day,
according to 2010 figures from the EPA. That equates to more than
152 million phones thrown away in one year.

11. E waste Management
In Industries management of e waste is
done by Waste minimisation process
which involves following steps :
• Inventory
management
• Production process
modification
• Volume reduction
• Recovery and reuse

12.  Inventory management : Inventory reports include brand name, model,
year and serial number of each piece of equipment recyled. Prope control
is needed over the material used in the manufacturing process to reduce
the waste generation.
 Production process modification : Improvement in the operation and
maintenance of process equipment results in waste reduction. Hazardous
materials used during the course of production may be replaced with the
less hazardous material.
 Volume reduction : This is the separation and removal of non hazardous
portion from hazardous portion, which reduces volume of the e scrap thus
the cost of disposing waste material.
 Recovery and Reuse : This reduces both waste disposal cost and raw
material cost, provide income from salable waste and lengthens the life of
electrical and electronic materials utility life, instead of making them
immediate trash.

14. E waste at global level

15. • US and China accounts for 70% of India’s e waste imports (US 42%,
China 30% and Japan 5%) [According to ASSOCHAM]
• According to UN report, “ China now appears to be the largest e
waste dumping site in the world” 70% of e waste globally generated
ends up in china
• Germany has the best recycling rate in the world. Austria comes in
second followed by South Korea and wales
Scenario in China (left) and India

16. E waste management in singapore
• Singapore generates about 60,000 tonnes of e-waste a year. That’s equivalent
to discarding about 70 mobile phones per person in Singapore
• Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) approach: obliges the makers
of mobile phones, laptops and washing machines to track, collect and
enforce the recycling of their electronic products.

17. • e-waste Recycling Programmes Around Singapore —
1. StarHub’s RENEW (REcycling Nation’s Electronic Waste) Programme
2. ReCYCLE: Singtel x SingPost E-Waste Recycling
Programme
3. City Square Mall E-Waste Recycling Programme
4. Project Homecoming - Ink & Toner Cartridge Recycling
Programme
5. IKEA’s Light Bulb
Recycling Programme
Data according to NUS

18. Policies & regulations in India
 E waste (management and handling ) rules 2011 :
 E waste management rules 2016 :
 2018 ammendment to e waste management rules :
• manufacturer, dealer, refurbisher and Producer Responsibility Organization
(PRO) were also brought under the ambit of these Rules.
• PRO is a professional organization which take the responsibility for collection
and channelization of e-waste generated from their products
• brought into force to enable recovery and/or reuse of useful material from e-
waste
• For the first time, the concept of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)
was introduced
• revise the collection targets under the provision of EPR
• After 2023, the E-Waste collection target has been fixed at 70% of the
quantity of waste generation

19. E waste management companies
and facilities in India
• Namo e waste : India’s biggest e waste processing facility
• E Parisaraa Pvt. Ltd. : India’s first govt. Authorised e waste recycler
• Attero : developed a disruptive technology that sets up low cost,
low capacity eco friendly recycling plants.
• Cerebra Integrated Technologies : One of the largest e waste
facilities of India
• E Incarnation Recycling : Uses the best available environmentally
sound technologies
• Ecobirdd Recycling : promotes e waste awareness among public
and businesses
• Exigo : has unique EPR and rigorous data security solutions.
• Z enviro Industries : one of oldest certified collector and dismantler
of e waste.

20. Solutions
Recycling
Donate your e waste
Take your e waste back to
the store
Buy less
Learn
Teach
Better designing
Business opportunity

21. EcoATM
provides a convenient and safe way to recycle and
sell old cell phones, MP3 players and tablets.
Consumers can bring their devices and EcoATM
will evaluate it based on the model and condition,
and pay you right there.
Baidu Recycle
Smartphone app developed by China’s largest
internet company, Baidu, and the United Nations
Development Programme
Chinese users can indicate the item they want to
recycle, enter relevant data, Within 24 hours, an
accredited recycler comes to pick it up

22. Conclusion...
• The continuous rise in the production of e waste around the world is
no longer acceptable
• E waste is everywhere.This is a problem
that requires multiple solutions.
• Citizens are the end users of the
products and they should opt for the
products that have fewer toxic parts
• Awareness programmes must be
conducted by institutions either
government or private

23. Thank You