Eutrophication is the excessive growth of algae caused by an overabundance of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus in aquatic environments. This document discusses the process and consequences of eutrophication, including algal blooms that decrease oxygen levels and increase toxins, harming ecosystems and human health. Examples are given of eutrophication problems in Lake Erie and the Baltic Sea. The document also outlines prevention methods like limiting fertilizer usage and improving sewage treatment.