The document outlines the hazards and remedial measures concerning health and safety in the textile industry, particularly focusing on ginning and spinning industries due to their significant impact on worker health. Key hazards include exposure to noise, dust, fire, and electrical risks, with recommendations for improving safety through technology upgrades, adherence to OSHA standards, and implementing effective noise control measures. Immediate action is emphasized to protect workers' health and create a safer working environment.

1. REMEDIAL MEASURES OF
HEALTH AND SAFTY IN
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
SUBMITTED TO: MADAM SHUGUFTA
PREPARED BY: AELYA SHAH
University of Karachi

2. INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVE:
To identify hazards in textile industry and provide with
appropriate remedial measures.
OUTCOME:
• To make working environment more safer and healthier.
Immediate action must be taken to control this hazard to save
workers health and promote safety.

3. DEFINE HEALTH AND SAFETY?
• Regulations and procedures intended to
prevent accident or injury in workplaces or
public environments.
REMEDIAL MEASURES:
Remedial Measures means taking steps
to alleviate something we don't desire to
experience.

4. AGENDA:
• The study of Occupational Health and Safety in Textile
industry examines to promote Health and safety to the
workers in Pakistan. The Hazards and risk involved in the
textile industry is high compared with other industries and
least importance is given to textile industries. Most of accident
does not come to the legal formalities. The People are not
aware of Health & safety is due to the workers are
uneducated and management not given importance due to
promote OHS in Textile industry becomes a barriers in
implementing OHS. The major hazards happen are physical,
chemical, ergonomically & physiologically hazards along with
these some of things which can create hazards are more
working hours, improper ventilation. The RPN (Risk priority
number) has been find out for all the hazards in the textile
industry and FEA is done for the hazard with highest RPN no.

5. The Major Health And Safety Issues
In The Textile Industry
EXPOSURE
TO COTTON
DUST
EXPOSURE
TO
CHEMICALS
EXPOSURE
TO NOISE
ERGONOMIC
ISSUES

6. METHODOLOGY
GINNING INDUSTRY:
• The cotton in a machine which is used to separate the
cotton fiber from the seeds and the cotton send to the
textile for making yarn. The one of main Hazard in
ginning industry is fire, the causes of fire happens in
the Ginning Industry are Electrical, Manmade
Behavior, spark from the Machine and stored Raw
cotton in sunlight and other causes

7. METHODOLOGY
• SPINNING INDUSTRY:
The textiles are fabricated into clothes. Noise is the
main hazard in textile industry. The noise pollution
(Regulation and control) rule 2000 in industrial area
was 75db at Day Time [6 AM to 10 AM] and Night
time [10 PM to 6 AM].The fire accidents occur in
textile mills are often. The Hazards in the spinning
mills are more compare to other sectors of textile
industry because the Raw material cotton exposed to
the fire easily.

8. TYPES OF HAZARDS
PHYSICAL
ELECTRICAL
ERGONOMICALLY
PHYSIOLOGICAL

9. PHYSICAL HAZARD
It includes noise,fire,temperature etc
HAZARD
• NOISE
(noise induced hearing loss
Tinnitus)
REMEDIAL MEASURE
• Isolation of the machine
and silencer must be kept
• Inverted drive control
noise in ring frame
• Proper maintenance
lubricating control noise

10. PHYSICAL HAZARD
HAZARD
• DUST
(causes respiratory problems
and causes Byssinosis, a
disease caused by cotton
dust)
REMEDIAL MEASURE
• Dust collector
• Proper house keeping
• Necessary PPE should
wear by worker

11. PHYSICAL HAZARD
HAZARD
• LIGHT (eye strain and
glaring)
• LIFTING HEAVY WEIGHT
(muscular skeletal disorders)
REMEDIAL MEASURE
• Proper lightening
condition
• Keep your backbone
straight while lifting load
• Pull the load as close to
the body
• Lift and carry loads with
straight arms

12. PHYSICAL HAZARD
HAZARD
FIRE HAZARDS
Loss of life, damages to the
equipment
• WELDING OPERATION
(Spark ignition is very
dangerous)
• ELECTRICAL SHORT
CIRCUIT HAPPENS
(if no trips occur it gets
sparks and get fire
REMEDIAL MEASURES
• Restrict unauthorised
person to do welding
• ACB ( Air circuit breaker),
MCB (motor circuit
breaker)

13. PHYSICAL HAZARDS
HAZARD
• SMOKING
(easily gets fire)
REMEDIAL MEASURE
• Safety signs and workers
must aware of not using
any ignition product

14. ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
It includes short circuit etc
HAZARD
• Improper earthing
(trip occurs)
• Improper isolation
(electric shock)
• Moisture
(proper wiring)
REMEDIAL MEASURES
• Avoid improper earthing
and loose connections
• All circuits to be enclosed
in a proper circuit
• Moisture to kept in control

15. ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
HAZARD
• Motor high speed rotating
due to high voltage
(causes problem to the
machine)
• Usage of old wire
(not proper current flow)
• Input power cable exceeds
more output
(cable melting and heated)
REMEDIAL MEASURES
• Circuit breaker must be
individual
• Use of wires as per
electrical standards
• Input wire must be more
power than output

16. ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
HAZARD
• Looping in the running
line
(electronics PCB)
• Electrical maintenance
(ECB board check the
connection grease the
motor frequently)
REMEDIAL MEASURES
• Avoid looping
• Needs preventive
maintenance

17. ERGONOMICAL HAZARDS
It includes Continuous work and improper
workstations
HAZARD
• Uncomfortable work
station and height
(pain in hands and legs)
• Repetitive strain injuries
(wrist, neck, shoulder, neck,
knee, angle)
REMEDIAL MEASURES
• Importance to ergonomics
• Proper working procedure

18. PHYSIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
It includes personal problems, financial problems
HAZARDS
• Not interested to work
(physiological problem)
• Production target
(stress to the worker)
REMEDIAL MEASURES
• Give counselling
• Set achievable target

19. FEA For Fire Hazard In Textile Industry
FEA stands for Fire and Explosion Assessment (hazard prevention)

20. Air Pollution Created by Textile
Machineries
• All textile-manufacturing processes
generate environmental pollution. Workers
are exposed to the risk of breathing air
polluted with dust and fly and contracting
respiratory ailments, byssinosis (lung
disease), chronic bronchitis etc.
• Cotton diseases called as Bygones is the
most common problem found in ginning
industry.

21. FEA For Cotton Industry

22. REMEDIAL MEASURES
• To minimize the effect of these floating fibers or
impurities, the humidified air which is circulated
in the spinning and weaving department is filtered
so as to separate these floating impurities from the
air.
• The workroom should not be more than
0.2mgm3 and controlled by some specific task.
• The cotton dust should be dumped with proper
care and avoid storing in open container.
• Excessive drying should be avoided, if it dry the
cotton dust will fly fast.

23. NOISE LEVEL
• Because of high spindle speeds reached on new
machines (ring spindles up to 20000 rpm, rotor up
to 110000 rpm) spinning mills can generally be
assumed to generate a great deal of noise. Noise
levels of 70 to 100 dB are commonly recorded in
workrooms.
• However, permissible limit set up at 90 dB by
Federal Standards of USA for maximum exposure
duration of 8 hours per day.

24. REMEDIAL MEASURES
• Noise level can be lowered by the use of noise
control enclosures, absorbers, silencers and
baffles and by the use of personal protective
equipment (PPE), such as earmuffs.
• Where technical methods are insufficient, noise
exposure may be reduced by the use of hearing
protection
• By administrative controls such as limiting the
time spent in noisy environment .
• Scheduling noisy operation outside normal
shifts or at distant location.

25. SUMMARY
• The above presentation has demonstrated the hazards and risk
involved and their remedial measures in the five main sector of
textile industries Ginning Industry Spinning Industry Weaving
Industry Dyeing Industry and Garment Industry but the
spinning and ginning industries are highlighted more due to
their immense impact on workers regarding health and safety.
• The hazards involved in textile industries are mainly noise, dust,
fire and electrical hazards are found by calculated RPN number,
• The RPN number is calculated by the multiplication of severity,
probability and detect ability. RPN = Severity x probability x
Delectability, comparing to other hazards the maximum RPN is
found to be harmful to the workers.
• Immediate action must be taken to control this hazard to save
workers health and promote safety.

26. SUGGESTION
• Upgrade the existing technology or apply PAK-EPA act. It
is an act to provide for the protection, conservation,
rehabilitation and improvement of environment, for the
prevention and control of pollution, and promotion of
sustainable development.
• In order to reduce dust emission from machinery it is
proposed to cover up the moving parts of machines, the
proper maintenance and correct alignment of the gin
machinery.
• Also OSHA standards can be used in textile industry of
Pakistan in order to improve the health and safety
aspects of the labor.

27. REFRENCES
• [1]. C.W Kan..,”Occupational safety and health management system in
textile industry” , international lconference textile & fashion 2012 july
3-4-12 bangok Thailand.
• [2]. D.S Padmini..,” Unsafe work environment in garments
industries”,journal of environment research and development, volume
7 no.1A 2012.
• [3]. Nazia malik..,” Role of hazard control measure in occupational
health and safety in the textile industry of Pakistan, pak j.agri sci vol
47(1), 72-76,2010.
• [4]. Hafiz Danish asraf.,”frequency of hearing loss among textile
workers of wearing units in Karachi, Pakistan.
• [5]. Jamro K. (2013), Remedial measures of health and safety in ginning
industry of Pakistan, BE Thesis.
• [6]. Tiwari meenaxi..,” Causes of musco- skeletal disorders in textile
industry”, Issn 2329-3563.vol 1(4),48-50,December 2012.