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Water pollution occurs when chemicals, biological materials, or physical changes alter water quality and harm living organisms or make water unsuitable for intended uses. Eutrophication is a natural process where an aquatic ecosystem becomes enriched with nutrients, causing excessive growth of plants. Nutrients come from sources like fertilizers, sewage, and runoff. Increased nutrients promote rapid algae growth, which can block sunlight and reduce oxygen levels. This harms ecosystems by eliminating food sources and habitats for aquatic animals.












