The document discusses occupational health and safety issues in the textile industry in Bangladesh. It notes that the textile industry faces high hazards compared to other industries and that workers receive little education on health and safety issues. It also discusses how risk priority numbers are calculated to determine the most hazardous issues in the industry and how a fault tree analysis was conducted on the issue with the highest risk priority number. The document examines hazards like physical, chemical, and ergonomic issues as well as issues caused by long working hours and improper ventilation.
Health and Safety Issues in textile sector sadia butt
The document discusses safety in the textile sector. It provides an overview of the textile manufacturing process and the associated hazards at each stage. Workers are exposed to chemical, physical, ergonomic, and biological hazards. Chemical hazards include dyes, acids, and alkalis. Physical hazards stem from machinery. Ergonomic hazards include repetitive strain. Biological hazards notably include cotton dust, which can cause byssinosis. The document outlines control measures that can be implemented to improve safety.
Health hazard of textile sfinishing workersmona verma
The document discusses health hazards in the textile finishing industry and their remedies. It notes that textile processing involves many subprocesses using various chemicals that pose health risks to workers. It categorizes hazards as chemical, physical, biological, psychological, and ergonomic. Specific chemical hazards mentioned include oxidizing agents, reducing agents, corrosives, irritants, and flammables used in processes like bleaching, dyeing, and finishing. Prolonged exposure can cause respiratory problems, burns, allergic reactions, and neurological effects. Solutions proposed include controlling chemicals, temperatures, noise levels, and improving workstation design and shift lengths.
Industrial Hazards and Their Safety Measure in Textile IndustryAzmir Latif Beg
Industrial hazard may be defined as any condition produced by industries that may cause injury or death to personnel or loss of product or property. Textile industries involve diverse operations including fiber synthesis, weaving, manufacturing, dyeing and finishing. Textile operations have been studied extensively and found numerous health and safety issues associated with the textile industry.
This document provides definitions and procedures related to quality assurance processes at Chaity Composite Ltd. It defines key terms like quality, quality control, quality inspection, and quality assurance. It outlines the quality assurance department organogram and job responsibilities. It describes the four point inspection system used to evaluate fabrics, including how defect points are assigned based on length/size and the acceptance criteria of less than 40 points per 100 yards. Allowable maximum defect points for different fabric types are also provided.
Risk assessment in dyeing final presentation/ Risk Assessment In Dyeing Secti...Tarun Kumar Cheddy
This document discusses hazards and risks in the dyeing section of a textile factory. It defines hazards and risks, and explains that a risk assessment involves examining workplace hazards to ensure sufficient safety precautions. Chemical hazards from dyes like reactive dyes and physical hazards like noise are discussed. The document also outlines a 5-step risk assessment process involving identifying hazards, evaluating risks, recording findings, and reviewing control measures. Examples of hazards like burns from hot pipes are assessed for likelihood and severity of harm. Recommendations to reduce risks include job rotation, guarding hazardous machines, and use of personal protective equipment.
REMEDIAL MEASURES OF HEALTH AND SAFETY IN TEXTILE INDUSTRYKarcahi university
The presentation tells about the hazards involved in different sectors of textile industry and remedial measures taken to reduce those hazard to make the working environment safer for labor.It also discuss about the OSHA standards.
This document discusses quality control in the textile industry. It defines quality control and its objectives to maximize production within specifications and achieve satisfactory design. It describes various quality control systems, including online systems that detect faults and take corrective action during production, and offline systems that involve stopping production for testing and inspection. It outlines several physical, chemical, and performance tests conducted on textiles, such as tensile strength testing, abrasion resistance testing, crocking resistance testing, and flame resistance testing. The goal of quality control is to maintain high quality, cost effectiveness, and environmental friendliness of textile production.
Fabric wastage and sewing fault analysisRumman Samrat
This document is a project report submitted by three students to their professor. It discusses fabric wastage and sewing faults at a knitwear production company. The report includes an introduction, objectives, acknowledgments, abstract, and table of contents. It then analyzes fabric wastage at different stages of production and recommends ways to reduce wastage. It also examines common sewing faults, their causes, and proposed remedies. Finally, it calculates the production impact of sewing faults.
Health and Safety Issues in textile sector sadia butt
The document discusses safety in the textile sector. It provides an overview of the textile manufacturing process and the associated hazards at each stage. Workers are exposed to chemical, physical, ergonomic, and biological hazards. Chemical hazards include dyes, acids, and alkalis. Physical hazards stem from machinery. Ergonomic hazards include repetitive strain. Biological hazards notably include cotton dust, which can cause byssinosis. The document outlines control measures that can be implemented to improve safety.
Health hazard of textile sfinishing workersmona verma
The document discusses health hazards in the textile finishing industry and their remedies. It notes that textile processing involves many subprocesses using various chemicals that pose health risks to workers. It categorizes hazards as chemical, physical, biological, psychological, and ergonomic. Specific chemical hazards mentioned include oxidizing agents, reducing agents, corrosives, irritants, and flammables used in processes like bleaching, dyeing, and finishing. Prolonged exposure can cause respiratory problems, burns, allergic reactions, and neurological effects. Solutions proposed include controlling chemicals, temperatures, noise levels, and improving workstation design and shift lengths.
Industrial Hazards and Their Safety Measure in Textile IndustryAzmir Latif Beg
Industrial hazard may be defined as any condition produced by industries that may cause injury or death to personnel or loss of product or property. Textile industries involve diverse operations including fiber synthesis, weaving, manufacturing, dyeing and finishing. Textile operations have been studied extensively and found numerous health and safety issues associated with the textile industry.
This document provides definitions and procedures related to quality assurance processes at Chaity Composite Ltd. It defines key terms like quality, quality control, quality inspection, and quality assurance. It outlines the quality assurance department organogram and job responsibilities. It describes the four point inspection system used to evaluate fabrics, including how defect points are assigned based on length/size and the acceptance criteria of less than 40 points per 100 yards. Allowable maximum defect points for different fabric types are also provided.
Risk assessment in dyeing final presentation/ Risk Assessment In Dyeing Secti...Tarun Kumar Cheddy
This document discusses hazards and risks in the dyeing section of a textile factory. It defines hazards and risks, and explains that a risk assessment involves examining workplace hazards to ensure sufficient safety precautions. Chemical hazards from dyes like reactive dyes and physical hazards like noise are discussed. The document also outlines a 5-step risk assessment process involving identifying hazards, evaluating risks, recording findings, and reviewing control measures. Examples of hazards like burns from hot pipes are assessed for likelihood and severity of harm. Recommendations to reduce risks include job rotation, guarding hazardous machines, and use of personal protective equipment.
REMEDIAL MEASURES OF HEALTH AND SAFETY IN TEXTILE INDUSTRYKarcahi university
The presentation tells about the hazards involved in different sectors of textile industry and remedial measures taken to reduce those hazard to make the working environment safer for labor.It also discuss about the OSHA standards.
This document discusses quality control in the textile industry. It defines quality control and its objectives to maximize production within specifications and achieve satisfactory design. It describes various quality control systems, including online systems that detect faults and take corrective action during production, and offline systems that involve stopping production for testing and inspection. It outlines several physical, chemical, and performance tests conducted on textiles, such as tensile strength testing, abrasion resistance testing, crocking resistance testing, and flame resistance testing. The goal of quality control is to maintain high quality, cost effectiveness, and environmental friendliness of textile production.
Fabric wastage and sewing fault analysisRumman Samrat
This document is a project report submitted by three students to their professor. It discusses fabric wastage and sewing faults at a knitwear production company. The report includes an introduction, objectives, acknowledgments, abstract, and table of contents. It then analyzes fabric wastage at different stages of production and recommends ways to reduce wastage. It also examines common sewing faults, their causes, and proposed remedies. Finally, it calculates the production impact of sewing faults.
The document discusses the ZDHC MRSL (Manufacturers Restricted Substances List), which restricts hazardous substances used and discharged during textile manufacturing. The MRSL establishes limits for chemicals used in production facilities, addressing process chemicals that may not end up in finished products. It differs from an RSL (Restricted Substances List) which restricts chemicals that could be present in finished goods. Proper chemical management is important to eliminate intentional use of restricted substances and minimize environmental impacts.
Oeko Texte is a certification for textiles that focuses on how fabrics are processed and ensures they are free from harmful chemicals and safe for human use. There are several certifications including Standard 100, STeP, Made in Green, and ECO PASSPORT. Standard 100 tests for legal and harmful chemicals. STeP certifies sustainable and socially responsible textile production processes. Made in Green allows tracing a product's production stages and countries. ECO PASSPORT is a three-stage chemical verification process that analyzes ingredients for sustainability and safety compliance.
Presentation on process, pollution and control in textile industryMd. Sirajul Islam
Presentation on process, pollution and control in textile industry.
Fiber, Fabric Production and Pollution, Environmental Effects, way out...
Different kind of processes and pollutions
Apparel Quality Control & Quality AssuranceSAMultimedia
Quality control of apparels or garments, garments quality assurance, garments inspection, fabric inspection. By this file easily understand about garments quality.
Textile testing is an important part of the textile production process. It involves determining various properties of fibers, yarns, and fabrics to ensure quality standards are met. The objectives of textile testing include selecting raw materials, controlling manufacturing processes, ensuring quality of finished products, and facilitating research and product development. There are different types of textile testing for fibers, yarns, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, and nonwoven fabrics. Test methods are established by various standards organizations and influence factors like sampling methods, atmospheric conditions, equipment used, and technician skill.
Importance of occupational health and safety in garment industrySagevan Chandraruban
This document discusses the importance of occupational health and safety in the garment industry. It outlines the need for safety programs and management commitment to health and safety to reduce accidents. The document also details how to build an effective health and safety management system, including establishing a safety policy, providing training to employees, investigating accidents, requiring personal protective equipment, forming a safety committee, and creating an emergency action plan. The overall goal is to identify hazards in the workplace and implement statutory safety provisions to improve occupational health and safety in the garment industry.
Waste in garment industries refers to raw materials that are purchased but not sold as finished products. Reducing waste can significantly increase profits by lowering costs. Waste occurs at various stages of production from fabric sourcing through finishing. Common sources of waste include defects in materials, poor quality control, machine issues, and improper craftsmanship. Implementing techniques to reduce waste streams, control costs, optimize material usage, and enhance quality can help garment companies lower waste and remain competitive.
This document provides standard operating procedures for various textile finishing machines. It describes adjustments and quality checks for stenter machines, compactors, dryers, slitting machines, and other equipment. It also includes diagrams of compaction processes. The document was created by Mohammad Mizanur Rahman of Chaity Group and details SOPs for their fabric division.
The textile industry work environment poses several health hazards and risks to workers. Workers are exposed to high noise levels, dust, and heat. They use many chemicals in fabric processing that can cause respiratory issues if inhaled. Physical hazards include repetitive motions that can cause musculoskeletal disorders. Ergonomic issues like prolonged sitting and poor machine arrangements also put workers at risk of injuries. Control measures for these hazards include noise reduction techniques, local exhaust ventilation, protective equipment, job rotation, and adjustable workstations.
IRJET- Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) in Textile IndustryIRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study that conducted a Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) in the printing and dyeing departments of a textile industry in South India. The HIRA technique was used to identify and quantify risks from hazards in these departments. Physical, chemical, ergonomic, electrical, and other hazards were identified. The risk level for each hazard was calculated by multiplying the severity and probability values. Control measures were developed for hazards with higher risks. It was found that hazards included issues with machinery, chemicals, electrical safety, material handling, and health risks like exposure to dust and fumes. The HIRA provides a detailed analysis of the hazards, risks, existing controls, and additional controls needed in the printing
Machine Technology and Maintenance of Textile MachinarySajibul Islam
This is important parts of Textile industries.Maintenance is a procedure by means of which we can maintain active functioning according to the behaviour and utility of a particular elements/substance machine parts
GOTS and Okeo-Tex are most widely used certified standards for quality product and processing of production to finished products of textiles.
The principle is production of textile products with in green environment and use of natural raw material as input and reduce environmental pollution.
This document discusses various methods for measuring fibre length in textile materials like cotton and wool. It describes parameters used to characterize fibre length such as staple length, mean length, upper quartile length, and dispersion percentage. Methods covered include hand stapling, Shirley photoelectric stapler, comb sorter, weighing and clamping techniques, and optical methods using fibrographs and capacitive instruments like the Almeter. The document provides detailed explanations of each parameter and measurement technique.
The document discusses compliance issues in Bangladesh's textile industry. It notes that the industry employs 10.5 million workers and accounts for 85% of the country's export earnings. It then defines regulatory compliance and statutory compliance. It lists various compliance certificates required in Bangladesh. It discusses codes of conduct, the WRAP certification program, and ensuring compliance with ILO standards and labor rights. It also outlines some health, safety, and welfare policies factories should have to ensure compliance.
Noise pollution presentation by Muhammad Fahad Ansari 12IEEM14fahadansari131
The document discusses noise pollution in the textile industry. It provides information on sources of noise pollution, effects of noise at different decibel levels, and noise levels from machines used in textile wet processing, weaving, and spinning sectors. It also discusses some methods that can be used to control noise pollution in textile industries, such as using anti-vibration rubber sheets, vibration isolators, sound absorbers, proper maintenance, and replacing metal parts. The overall noise level for human comfort is between 40-60 decibels.
The document discusses maintenance of textile machinery. It defines different types of maintenance including reactive, preventive, predictive, and capital replacement. It then provides details on maintenance needs and procedures for specific textile processes like singeing, desizing, scouring, bleaching, dyeing, and finishing. Checklists are also included for yearly, half-yearly, and monthly maintenance of machinery. The goal of maintenance is to keep equipment functioning properly to maximize productivity and minimize downtime.
This document provides information about garment manufacturing and exporting processes. It was prepared by Md. Kamrul Hasan, a Textile Engineering graduate from Southeast University in Bangladesh. The document contains several sections that discuss key topics like buyers and buying houses, major garment exporting countries, GSP status, garment export procedures, costing, purchase orders, letters of credit, and timelines. It aims to serve as a reference for students and professionals in the garments sector.
This document discusses the duties and responsibilities of different departments in apparel production, including textile production managers, cutting room managers, garment finishing managers, and quality assurance managers. It provides details on the key tasks of each role, such as production planning, monitoring quality, ensuring targets are met, and coordinating between departments. The textile production manager is responsible for overall production, including staff management, maintenance, training, and ensuring quality standards. The cutting room manager plans cutting and manages staff. The garment finishing manager inspects garments and oversees folding and packing. Quality assurance managers develop and audit quality control procedures and processes.
The document discusses the impact of the textile sector on the environment. It notes that textile effluent is considered one of the most polluting elements and affects the environment badly by polluting surface and subsurface water, soil, and air. Textile industrial effluents contain toxic pollutants that degrade the environment and show toxic effects on aquatic plants. Textile effluent pollutes soil, decreases crop quality and quantity, and ultimately deposits in lower lands, polluting them. Water pollution from textile dyeing and printing mixes with river water. The textile industry emits various hazardous gases and pollutants into the air. Hazardous waste from textile manufacturing can contaminate the environment if not disposed of
Knitting Technology | Study On Knitting Technology | Sweater/ V-bed Flat Knit...Md Rakibul Hassan
This document discusses knitting technology and the features of V-bed flat knitting machines. It describes two types of knitwear production: cut and sewing, and fully fashioned. Fully fashioned knitwear shapes portions of the garment during knitting by increasing or decreasing loops along the selvedges. A V-bed flat knitting machine has two stationary needle beds and uses latch needles. Different fabrics like single jersey, ribbing, and cardigan stitches can be produced by activating different needle bed cams. Shaping is done through widening by adding needles or narrowing by removing needles to transfer loops.
Scenarios prevailing in Textile industry all over the world, various standards, role of WTO.
Various Safety measures and standards followed all over world.
The textile industry is one of India's largest and oldest industries, contributing significantly to the national economy. It provides direct employment to over 35 million people and is the second largest provider of employment after agriculture. The textile industry contributes about 14% to industrial production and 4% to India's GDP. Major segments of the textile industry include cotton, silk, wool, readymade garments, and hand-crafted textiles. The industry has grown substantially since economic liberalization in the 1990s but still faces challenges from competition and rising costs. The government has introduced various initiatives and regulatory policies to support the textile industry.
The document discusses the ZDHC MRSL (Manufacturers Restricted Substances List), which restricts hazardous substances used and discharged during textile manufacturing. The MRSL establishes limits for chemicals used in production facilities, addressing process chemicals that may not end up in finished products. It differs from an RSL (Restricted Substances List) which restricts chemicals that could be present in finished goods. Proper chemical management is important to eliminate intentional use of restricted substances and minimize environmental impacts.
Oeko Texte is a certification for textiles that focuses on how fabrics are processed and ensures they are free from harmful chemicals and safe for human use. There are several certifications including Standard 100, STeP, Made in Green, and ECO PASSPORT. Standard 100 tests for legal and harmful chemicals. STeP certifies sustainable and socially responsible textile production processes. Made in Green allows tracing a product's production stages and countries. ECO PASSPORT is a three-stage chemical verification process that analyzes ingredients for sustainability and safety compliance.
Presentation on process, pollution and control in textile industryMd. Sirajul Islam
Presentation on process, pollution and control in textile industry.
Fiber, Fabric Production and Pollution, Environmental Effects, way out...
Different kind of processes and pollutions
Apparel Quality Control & Quality AssuranceSAMultimedia
Quality control of apparels or garments, garments quality assurance, garments inspection, fabric inspection. By this file easily understand about garments quality.
Textile testing is an important part of the textile production process. It involves determining various properties of fibers, yarns, and fabrics to ensure quality standards are met. The objectives of textile testing include selecting raw materials, controlling manufacturing processes, ensuring quality of finished products, and facilitating research and product development. There are different types of textile testing for fibers, yarns, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, and nonwoven fabrics. Test methods are established by various standards organizations and influence factors like sampling methods, atmospheric conditions, equipment used, and technician skill.
Importance of occupational health and safety in garment industrySagevan Chandraruban
This document discusses the importance of occupational health and safety in the garment industry. It outlines the need for safety programs and management commitment to health and safety to reduce accidents. The document also details how to build an effective health and safety management system, including establishing a safety policy, providing training to employees, investigating accidents, requiring personal protective equipment, forming a safety committee, and creating an emergency action plan. The overall goal is to identify hazards in the workplace and implement statutory safety provisions to improve occupational health and safety in the garment industry.
Waste in garment industries refers to raw materials that are purchased but not sold as finished products. Reducing waste can significantly increase profits by lowering costs. Waste occurs at various stages of production from fabric sourcing through finishing. Common sources of waste include defects in materials, poor quality control, machine issues, and improper craftsmanship. Implementing techniques to reduce waste streams, control costs, optimize material usage, and enhance quality can help garment companies lower waste and remain competitive.
This document provides standard operating procedures for various textile finishing machines. It describes adjustments and quality checks for stenter machines, compactors, dryers, slitting machines, and other equipment. It also includes diagrams of compaction processes. The document was created by Mohammad Mizanur Rahman of Chaity Group and details SOPs for their fabric division.
The textile industry work environment poses several health hazards and risks to workers. Workers are exposed to high noise levels, dust, and heat. They use many chemicals in fabric processing that can cause respiratory issues if inhaled. Physical hazards include repetitive motions that can cause musculoskeletal disorders. Ergonomic issues like prolonged sitting and poor machine arrangements also put workers at risk of injuries. Control measures for these hazards include noise reduction techniques, local exhaust ventilation, protective equipment, job rotation, and adjustable workstations.
IRJET- Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) in Textile IndustryIRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study that conducted a Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) in the printing and dyeing departments of a textile industry in South India. The HIRA technique was used to identify and quantify risks from hazards in these departments. Physical, chemical, ergonomic, electrical, and other hazards were identified. The risk level for each hazard was calculated by multiplying the severity and probability values. Control measures were developed for hazards with higher risks. It was found that hazards included issues with machinery, chemicals, electrical safety, material handling, and health risks like exposure to dust and fumes. The HIRA provides a detailed analysis of the hazards, risks, existing controls, and additional controls needed in the printing
Machine Technology and Maintenance of Textile MachinarySajibul Islam
This is important parts of Textile industries.Maintenance is a procedure by means of which we can maintain active functioning according to the behaviour and utility of a particular elements/substance machine parts
GOTS and Okeo-Tex are most widely used certified standards for quality product and processing of production to finished products of textiles.
The principle is production of textile products with in green environment and use of natural raw material as input and reduce environmental pollution.
This document discusses various methods for measuring fibre length in textile materials like cotton and wool. It describes parameters used to characterize fibre length such as staple length, mean length, upper quartile length, and dispersion percentage. Methods covered include hand stapling, Shirley photoelectric stapler, comb sorter, weighing and clamping techniques, and optical methods using fibrographs and capacitive instruments like the Almeter. The document provides detailed explanations of each parameter and measurement technique.
The document discusses compliance issues in Bangladesh's textile industry. It notes that the industry employs 10.5 million workers and accounts for 85% of the country's export earnings. It then defines regulatory compliance and statutory compliance. It lists various compliance certificates required in Bangladesh. It discusses codes of conduct, the WRAP certification program, and ensuring compliance with ILO standards and labor rights. It also outlines some health, safety, and welfare policies factories should have to ensure compliance.
Noise pollution presentation by Muhammad Fahad Ansari 12IEEM14fahadansari131
The document discusses noise pollution in the textile industry. It provides information on sources of noise pollution, effects of noise at different decibel levels, and noise levels from machines used in textile wet processing, weaving, and spinning sectors. It also discusses some methods that can be used to control noise pollution in textile industries, such as using anti-vibration rubber sheets, vibration isolators, sound absorbers, proper maintenance, and replacing metal parts. The overall noise level for human comfort is between 40-60 decibels.
The document discusses maintenance of textile machinery. It defines different types of maintenance including reactive, preventive, predictive, and capital replacement. It then provides details on maintenance needs and procedures for specific textile processes like singeing, desizing, scouring, bleaching, dyeing, and finishing. Checklists are also included for yearly, half-yearly, and monthly maintenance of machinery. The goal of maintenance is to keep equipment functioning properly to maximize productivity and minimize downtime.
This document provides information about garment manufacturing and exporting processes. It was prepared by Md. Kamrul Hasan, a Textile Engineering graduate from Southeast University in Bangladesh. The document contains several sections that discuss key topics like buyers and buying houses, major garment exporting countries, GSP status, garment export procedures, costing, purchase orders, letters of credit, and timelines. It aims to serve as a reference for students and professionals in the garments sector.
This document discusses the duties and responsibilities of different departments in apparel production, including textile production managers, cutting room managers, garment finishing managers, and quality assurance managers. It provides details on the key tasks of each role, such as production planning, monitoring quality, ensuring targets are met, and coordinating between departments. The textile production manager is responsible for overall production, including staff management, maintenance, training, and ensuring quality standards. The cutting room manager plans cutting and manages staff. The garment finishing manager inspects garments and oversees folding and packing. Quality assurance managers develop and audit quality control procedures and processes.
The document discusses the impact of the textile sector on the environment. It notes that textile effluent is considered one of the most polluting elements and affects the environment badly by polluting surface and subsurface water, soil, and air. Textile industrial effluents contain toxic pollutants that degrade the environment and show toxic effects on aquatic plants. Textile effluent pollutes soil, decreases crop quality and quantity, and ultimately deposits in lower lands, polluting them. Water pollution from textile dyeing and printing mixes with river water. The textile industry emits various hazardous gases and pollutants into the air. Hazardous waste from textile manufacturing can contaminate the environment if not disposed of
Knitting Technology | Study On Knitting Technology | Sweater/ V-bed Flat Knit...Md Rakibul Hassan
This document discusses knitting technology and the features of V-bed flat knitting machines. It describes two types of knitwear production: cut and sewing, and fully fashioned. Fully fashioned knitwear shapes portions of the garment during knitting by increasing or decreasing loops along the selvedges. A V-bed flat knitting machine has two stationary needle beds and uses latch needles. Different fabrics like single jersey, ribbing, and cardigan stitches can be produced by activating different needle bed cams. Shaping is done through widening by adding needles or narrowing by removing needles to transfer loops.
Scenarios prevailing in Textile industry all over the world, various standards, role of WTO.
Various Safety measures and standards followed all over world.
The textile industry is one of India's largest and oldest industries, contributing significantly to the national economy. It provides direct employment to over 35 million people and is the second largest provider of employment after agriculture. The textile industry contributes about 14% to industrial production and 4% to India's GDP. Major segments of the textile industry include cotton, silk, wool, readymade garments, and hand-crafted textiles. The industry has grown substantially since economic liberalization in the 1990s but still faces challenges from competition and rising costs. The government has introduced various initiatives and regulatory policies to support the textile industry.
The document provides an overview of the Indian textile industry. It discusses the industry's contribution to India's GDP and export earnings. It also outlines the major segments of the industry, largest players, production centers, policies supporting the industry, and trends in the domestic and export markets. The textile industry is an important part of the Indian economy, providing significant employment.
Textile industry ppt strategic managementPrasanth Sai
The textile industry in India is one of the largest and oldest industries in the country. It contributes significantly to industrial production and exports. The industry employs millions of people and has experienced major changes with economic liberalization in the 1990s. It faces competition from other countries but also has strengths in raw materials, skilled labor, and presence across the value chain. The government continues efforts to support the industry through various schemes.
The document discusses industrial hazards and safety measures. It covers types of industrial hazards like chemical, dust explosion, fire, and electrical hazards. It also discusses accident reduction approaches like the actuarial approach and safety education campaigns. Control measures for different hazards are mentioned, like filters and cyclones for dust explosions, fireproof construction and sprinklers for fire hazards, and personal protective equipment for various exposures. The importance of a safety program and its advantages are highlighted.
The document discusses industrial safety. It outlines the importance of industrial safety in reducing costs for employers and employees. It then discusses causes of industrial accidents, measures to ensure safety like safety policies and committees, and methods for measuring and recording accidents. Key safety rules from the Factories Act are also summarized.
This project report summarizes work done on analyzing and minimizing spirality and shrinkage problems in knitted fabrics. It discusses raw materials used, yarn types and counts, subcontractors, and costs. It also provides an overview of the evolution of Bangladesh's knitting industry and its social and economic impacts. Key points are that spirality is caused by yarn twist and machine settings, while shrinkage is due to yarn swelling; both can be reduced through washing, drying, and fabric construction methods. The knitting industry is a major employer and exporter for Bangladesh.
Ready-made garments inclusion: A study on science and technology park of Extr...Samsul Alam
The ready-made garments (RMG) can have a noteworthy contribution to the economy of a country when it possesses a noticeable application of technology and innovation in its design attractiveness, healthier aspects of body and environment. The primary purpose of this study is to show the relevance of including RMG sector in Science and Technology Park of Extremadura (PCTEx), Spain in Badajoz zone. Based on the study result, it is proposed to include this promising sector in this area that has impact. The conclusion finds that the PCTEx can include the sector in this area that can ensure greater impact in social and financial gain of the economy. The study follows case study method and the results produced based on face to face interview using unstructured open-ended questionnaire. The findings support that if this industry tends to run and is supervised by the PCTEx authority in Badajoz, with the influence of this non-government association, it will flourish with its superior performance and in turn will contribute to the development of the region by creating employment opportunity for a number of unemployed people especially for women and to the country economy as a whole. The availability of low-cost human resources especially high-tech equipment and industry-friendly environment all work behind the motivation of the inclusion of this industry in Badajoz, Spain.
Is It Feasible to Include Ready-Made Garments Sector in Badajoz Zone under Sc...Samsul Alam
The Ready-Made Garments (RMG) might have a remarkable contribution to a country's economy once it possesses an understandable application of technology and innovation in its style attractiveness, healthier aspects of body and its environmental settings. The primary purpose of this study is to explore the relevance of including RMG sector in the Science and Technology Park of Extremadura (PCTEx) in Badajoz province of Spain. For this purpose, a case study based on face to face interview method is followed where primary data was collected through an unstructured open ended questionnaire. The author's observation in this case is also used. The findings of this qualitative study support that it is relevant to include the sector in this particular zone. It concludes with the statement that PCTEx has the opportunity to include the sector in this area which can ensure greater impact in social and financial gain in this region. The findings also support that if this proposal is implemented and is supervised by the PCTEx authority in Badajoz, with the influence of this non-government association, it will flourish with its superior performance and in turn will contribute to the development of the region by creating employment opportunity for a number of unemployed people especially for women as well as to the country economy as a whole. The availability of low cost human resources especially high tech infrastructure and industry-friendly environment all work behind the motivation of the sector inclusion in this region.
The garment industry in Bangladesh has grown substantially since the 1980s when the government undertook significant steps to promote exports. Ready-made garments now account for over 75% of Bangladesh's export revenue, employing around 3 million workers, most of whom are women. The industry benefits from cheap labor costs and low conversion costs. Bangladesh exports mainly to the US and EU and has trade relations through organizations like the WTO. The government has established export processing zones to attract foreign investment and further economic growth.
The garment industry in Bangladesh grew tremendously in the 1980s due to cheap labor costs and government support. Exports increased, with ready-made garments and knits becoming the primary export. By 2013, over 3 million people, mostly women, were employed in the industry, which accounts for around 75% of export revenue. To remain competitive, Bangladesh needs to reduce production time by improving infrastructure and backward linkages to minimize lead times. The government has established export processing zones to enhance growth and attract foreign investment.
The ready-made garments industry is the backbone of Bangladesh's economy, generating billions in export earnings and employing millions. RMG means ready-made garments. While the industry began modestly in the 1970s, it has grown dramatically and now comprises over 4,825 factories employing around 3.1 million workers, 80% of whom are women. Preferential trade agreements and policies have supported the industry's growth, with knitwear exports in particular increasing over 20% annually. The industry faces ongoing challenges around infrastructure and developing skilled workers but is projected to double exports by 2015 and nearly triple them by 2020.
The ready-made garments (RMG) industry in Bangladesh started in the late 1970s and has since grown to become the backbone of Bangladesh's economy, contributing billions in export earnings and employing millions of workers. RMG, particularly knitwear, has experienced strong growth due to trade preferences from markets like the EU and Canada. Bangladesh has developed clusters of supplier firms and a large, low-cost, skilled workforce to support a thriving garment export industry. However, it must continue to address infrastructure and skills challenges to sustain its growth and meet projections that RMG exports will double by 2015 and triple by 2020.
1) Bangladesh's main industries include textiles, jute, leather, and agriculture. The textile industry, especially garments, has grown significantly since the late 1970s.
2) The knit sector is more integrated and self-reliant compared to the woven sector, which relies heavily on imported fabrics.
3) Bangladesh has a competitive advantage in textiles due to its low labor costs and government support programs. However, the industry faces threats from increasing international competition and potential loss of trade preferences.
The document summarizes the ready-made garments (RMG) industry in Bangladesh. It states that the RMG sector has emerged as a key export industry since the 1970s, accounting for around 85% of Bangladesh's total export earnings and employing over 1.5 million workers. The sector benefits from having an abundant and cheap workforce that is easily trainable. While the industry has grown significantly, it faces challenges in adopting new technologies and ensuring proper working conditions. The document provides background on the origins and growth of the RMG sector as the largest exporting industry in Bangladesh and outlines the objectives of the study, which include analyzing the industry and relating knowledge to practical experience.
Anatomy of a Textile Cluster – Problems and Prospects of Textile Business Own...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The study on Anatomy of a textile cluster -
problems and prospects of textile business owners with
respect to business expansion and operations was carried
out to find the problems and prospects of Erode textile
cluster as a pilot survey with a sample size of 80
respondents. The primary study was carried out in two
stages. An exploratory study was done among the textile
merchants and textile buyers to understand the nature,
administration, status, problems and scope of the textile
merchants in Erode Cluster. Firstly, the researcher had
personnel interview with the officials of four major textile
markets namely, Texvalley, Gani market, Ashokapuram
market, and central market.Secondly an interview schedule
was carried with a structured questionnaire . The interview
schedule was prepared with four variables namely business
factors, financial factors, marketing factors and market
facility concerned. Each items in the variable was measured
with a 5 point Likert scale. And there were few items which
captured their present level operations and future plans.
The results revealed the present status of their operations
which is a key in factors for planning for a better
operational efficiency for next level.
Rmg sector and it's Socio-Economic impact in BangladeshMahbub Alam Rabbe
The RMG (ready-made garments) sector has had significant socio-economic impacts in Bangladesh. It contributes over 80% of total export earnings and 10.5% of GDP. The sector employs over 4.5 million workers, most of whom are women. It has empowered women, increased savings, reduced child labor, and helped control population growth. Moving forward, the sector aims to build brand recognition, expand into new markets, and prepare for upcoming automation.
1950 was the beginning of RMG in the Western world. In order to control the level of imported RMG products from developing countries into developed countries, the Multi Fibre Agreement (MFA) was made in 1974. In the early 1980s Bangladesh started receiving investment in the RMG sector,then there was about 50 factories.At present more than 4000 garment factory available in Bangladesh.
The text summarizes the challenges facing Pakistan's textile industry. It begins by stating that the textile industry contributes approximately 46% to Pakistan's GDP and employs 38% of the workforce, making it a pivotal sector. However, the industry currently faces massive challenges, including operating at only 30-40% capacity. Key issues include lack of reliable electricity and gas supplies, outdated machinery, and fluctuating raw material prices. Exports have declined significantly in recent years. The summary concludes by noting that modernizing equipment and establishing reliable raw material suppliers could help address some of the industry's challenges.
This document contains information about the ready-made garments industry in Bangladesh presented by 8 students. It provides background on the industry's growth since the 1980s, current size and economic contribution. It discusses the industry's importance for employment, particularly of women. Challenges include safety issues, infrastructure problems, and ensuring fair wages and training. Recommendations are made regarding policy support, investment in education and developing backward linkages within the industry.
The Indian textile industry is a major sector that provides employment to millions of people. It can be divided into organized and unorganized sectors. The organized sector includes spinning mills and composite mills, while the unorganized sector includes powerlooms, handlooms, and decentralized production units. The textile industry faces challenges like outdated technology, lack of skilled labor, and environmental pollution from small units. The government is taking measures like technology upgradation programs and funding to promote modernization and sustainability in the industry.
The Indian textile industry is a major employer and foreign exchange earner. It employs over 93 million people directly or indirectly and accounts for 20 billion in foreign exchange earnings annually. The industry can be divided into organized and decentralized sectors. The decentralized sector includes handlooms, powerlooms, and hosiery which employ over 90% of workers but suffer from lack of technology and skills. The organized sector focuses on spinning, composite mills, and garments but has faced issues of high costs, outdated machinery, and labor issues. The government has implemented various schemes to support upgrading technology, infrastructure, skills and markets across the textile industry to improve competitiveness.
The Indian textile industry is a major sector that provides employment to millions of people. It can be divided into organized and unorganized sectors. The organized sector includes spinning mills and composite mills, while the unorganized sector includes powerlooms, handlooms, and khadi. The textile industry faces issues like outdated technology, lack of skilled labor, and environmental pollution from small units. The government is taking measures like technology upgradation programs and funding to promote modernization and sustainability in the industry.
Contribution of RMG sector in National Economy Of BangladeshBless Godino
This slide represents "Contribution of RMG sector in National Economy Of Bangladesh". Slide were made with the help of secondary data which was already available in the internet. you are free to use this slide. for feedback you can send me mail in - bassistbless@gmail.com
Thank you !
The document summarizes the Indian textile industry. It states that the industry is an important part of the Indian economy, contributing 14% to industrial production and employing over 35 million people. It also notes that the industry has seen high growth in output and exports in recent years. The industry benefits from India's large raw material base and presence across the entire textile value chain. The government has implemented several initiatives to support the industry through modernization, infrastructure development, and foreign investment promotion.
Similar to Measures of health and safety in textile industry (20)
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This document discusses safe motherhood and its contribution to achieving Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 of reducing child mortality and improving maternal health. It provides background on maternal mortality rates being highest in Africa. Every minute, a woman dies during labor or delivery from preventable causes. While developed countries have made commitments to improving women's and children's health, many developing countries still face challenges in ensuring safe deliveries and adequate utilization of health services, especially for adolescent mothers. Progress on maternal health goals varies across countries in the Southeast Asia region. Concerted efforts are still needed to intensify actions to save mothers' and children's lives.
Soil pollution can be caused by various sources like agricultural pesticides, disposal of solid waste, mining, urbanization, and industrial activities. It leads to negative effects like reduced soil fertility, crop yields, and groundwater quality. It can also pose various health risks to humans. Some key ways to prevent soil pollution include adopting sustainable agricultural practices, better waste management, reducing the use of toxic chemicals, recycling waste materials, and ensuring pollutants are properly disposed of.
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Awareness among the Mothers about Prevention and Control
Measures of health and safety in textile industry
1.
2. Page1
The study of Occupational Health and Safety in Textile industry examines to promote Health and
safety to the workers in Bangladesh, Dhaka. The Hazards and risk involved in the textile industry
is high compared with other industries and least importance are given to textile industries. Most
of accident do not come to the legal formalities. The People are not aware of Health & safety is
due to the workers are uneducated and management not given importance due to promote OHS
in Textile industry becomes a barriers in implementing OHS. The major hazards happen are
physical, chemical, ergonomically & physiologically hazards along with these some of things
which can create hazards are more working hours, improper ventilation. The RPN (Risk priority
number) has been find out for all the hazards in the textile industry and FEA (fault tree analysis)
is done for the hazard with highest RPN no.
Keywords: occupational health safety, Hazards, risk, legal formalities, working hours, RPN
ABSTRACT
3. Page2
It is my pleasure to be indebted to various people, who directly or indirectly contributed in the
development of this work and who influenced my thinking, behavior and acts during the course
of study.
I express my sincere gratitude to worthy placement head for who providing me an opportunity to
go indristrial field.
I also extend my sincere thanks to Dr. Sk.AkhtarAhmad who provided valuable suggestion and
precious time a accomplishing my field visit report. Lastly, I would like to thank the almighty
and my friend with whom I shared my day to day experience and received loss of suggestion that
improved my quality of report.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
4. Page3
S.no. Contain Page no.
1. Acknowledge 2
2. Introduction 4-6
3. Objective of the study 7
4. Missionof visit 8
5. Type of hazards 9-13
6. Literature review 14
7. methodology 15
8. Data outcome 16-18
9. Suggestion 19-20
TABLE
5. Page4
A textile is a flexible material c omprised of a network of natural artificial fibers often referred to
as thread or yam. Textile are formed by weaving, knitting, crocheting or pressing fibers together.
The textile industry ( also known is the united kingdom and Australia as the rag trade) is a term
used for industry grew out of the industrial revolution in the 19th century as mass producting of
clothing became a mainstream industry.
By the 20th century the industry in the developed world had developed a bad reputation, often
involving immigrants in illegal “sweat shops’’ full of people working on textile manufacturing
and sewing machines being paid less then minimum wages. This trend has resulted due to
attempts to protect existing industries which are being challenged by developing countries in
south east Asia, the Indian subcontinent and more recently, central America. Whilst globalization
has seen the manufacturing outsourced to overseas labor markets, there has been a trend to shift
focus to the more white Collin associated industries of fashion design, fashion modelling and
retail.
The Garment industry of Bangladesh has been the key export division and a main source of foreign
exchange for the last 25 years. At present, the country generates about $5 billion worth of products
each year by exporting garment. The industry provides employment to about 3 million workers of
whom 90% are women. Two non-market elements have performed a vital function in confirming
the garment industry’s continual success; these elements are:
(a) Quotas under Multi- Fibred Arrangement1 (MFA) in the North American market
(b) Special market entry to European markets Bangladesh’s industrial base, which has remained
stagnant over the past two decades, is very narrow, contributing to about 11.5 percent of the GDP
(BBS, 2001). Within this narrow industrial sector, however, the ready-made garments (RMG)
industry has flourished as its most dynamic sector.
Since its modest beginning in the early 1980s, the industry has contributed to the economy
appreciably in terms of employment, output, and foreign exchange earnings. Moreover,
employing as it does more than 1 million young women, the industry has brought about a
noticeable change in society as well as in intra-household gender relations. The phasing out of
the MFA by the end of 2004, together with ever-increasing globalization, will exert intense
competitive pressure on Bangladesh’s RMG industry. As the future of the manufacturing sector
and the overall economy crucially depends on the performance of this industry, a matter of
serious concern is how far, and in what manner, the RMG industry will face up to the challenge
of the post-MFA trading scenario.
The textile industry in Bangladesh has been an important contributor to the economy for
centuries, and today is one of the country's most crucial economic sectors. According to the
country's Ministry of Textiles and Jute, its textile and apparel industry encompasses textile
processes from spinning; weaving; knitting including hosiery and knit dyeing; dyeing and
Chapter 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION
6. Page5
finishing; yarn dyeing; and sewing thread; up to the final outputs, including ready-made
garments and nonwovens such as technical textiles.
According to the most recent Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association
(BGMEA) Statistical Report, Bangladesh's woven apparel exports increased by 1.8 percent in
2007 for a value of US$4.61 billion, while knitwear exports increased by 8.05 percent in the
same year, for a value of US$4.74 billion. Data from the report suggest that in 2007, the sector
overall experienced growth of 4.67 percent - a rate not quite as good as rates achieved in
previous years, but reasonable compared to growth by regional competitors.
Though exports of both woven garments and knitwear have increased substantially, helping the
RMG sector maintain its role as a main contributor to Bangladesh's economy, a few other textile
products show potential, as they recently have experienced considerable growth. According to
the country's Export Promotion Bureau, in July 2008 over July 2007, home textiles exports
increased by 55.19 percent, and terry towel exports increased by 34.4 percent. However, the
biggest growth was in exports of textile fabric - though representing a very small part of total
exports, it showed a massive 697.9-percent increase in exports in July 2008 over July 2007.
Woven garments and knitwear mainly are exported to the European Union (EU) - which takes in
approximately 60 percent of Bangladesh's total RMG exports - followed by the United States,
which accounts for more than 32 percent of the total.
For the first time in the RMG sector's history, knitwear exports exceeded woven apparel exports
in 2007. Knitwear has become the dominant sub-sector in terms of quantity exported - with a
national export share of 37.39 percent in FY 2006-07 - and it is steadily gaining share. Over
time, the knitwear sector has become almost self-sufficient in terms of fabric and yarn supply, as
a result of spinning factories growing at the same rate as the country's stitching capacity,
therefore increasing fabric and yarn needs. Furthermore, as knitwear exports have increased,
upstream supplier capacity has gradually increased correspondingly. As a result, domestic
suppliers can provide 90 percent of the sector's total fabric requirement. In addition, the number
of spinning mills has grown as knitwear exports have increased.
Textile and RMG (Ready Made Garments) are leading export-led industries in Bangladesh, in
respect of foreign currency earning and employment. Recently, in the past-MFA era, the composite
knitting industries are playing the crucial roles in country's RMG sector. Among Them, It has been
possible because of its multi-dimensional and epoch-making activities since its inception in 1998.
The study of Delta Composite Knitting Industries Ltd in textile industry in Dhaka is studied by
checklist method, questionnaire method, workers interaction. The Study monitor the Delta
Composite Knitting Industries Ltd in textile industry includes five major sectors they are
Ginning Industry
Spinning Industry
7. Page6
Weaving Industry
Dyeing Industry
Garment Industry
The hazards are prioritized by the based on the RPN number. The RPN number is calculated by
the multiplication of severity, probability and detect ability.
RPN = Severity x probability x Delectability.
RPN is calculated for all the hazards involved which is involved in the textile industry. The
maximum value of risk priority number is 1000. The process involved in spinning indusries are
mixing, blow room, carding, comber, drawing ,simplex, spinning, auto corner ,packing. The
hazards are also controlled by
Safety Audit
Safety survey
Identifying Hazards
Risk Analysis
Risk estimation
Job safety analysis
Safety promotion
Emergency preparedness
Safety sample
Safety committee
Safety inspection
The Delta Group (Delta Accessories ltd.)
The Delta is a composite unit, having knitting, dyeing, finishing and sewing units under a single
roof. Beside, we have our own printing, embroidery and washing units on the same premises. All
these unit work as an integrated whole to meet the buyer's stipulated time and need based
demands.
Paid up capital: 10 million Taka
Average Annual Turn Over: 36 million us$
Location of the Delta Group:
DCKIL The factory is located at kashimpur, Gazipur - 30 minutes drive from the Zia International
Airport, Dhaka. The total factory space is 256,332 sq ft, including two 6-storied, one 5-storied and
one 3-storied builiding. The factory arena is highly protected with boundry walls and private
security guards. A camp of bangladesh govt's ansar force in also established within the premises
to confirm cent per cent security.
8. Page7
The main objective of the study is conducted due to the Reasons:
Measure work environment issues such that noise, temperature, lighting humidity.
To find out Hazards in the Textile and tell the accurate control measure.
Detect unsafe working condition in the Textile industries.
To identify hazards in textile industry and provide with appropriate remedial measures
To identify areas in which the hazards are involve.
To identify how to industry can made free from risk.
To give suggestion for avoiding the hazards.
OUTCOME:
• To make working environment more safe and healthier. Immediate action must be taken to
control this hazard to save workers health and promote safety.
Regulations and procedures intended to prevent accident or injury in workplaces or public
environments.
Occupational safety and health (OSH) also commonly referred to as occupational health and
safety(OHS) or workplace health and safety (WHS) is an area concerned with
the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment. OSH may also protect
co-workers, family members, employers, customers, and many others who might be affected by
the workplace environment. In the United States the term occupational health and safety is referred
to as occupational health and occupational and non-occupational safety and includes safety for
activities outside work.
Occupational safety and health can be important for moral, legal, and financial reasons. In
common-law jurisdictions, employers have a common law duty (reflecting an underlying moral
obligation) to take reasonable care for the safety of their employees, Statute law may build upon
this to impose additional general duties, introduce specific duties and create government bodies
with powers to regulate workplace safety issues: details of this will vary from jurisdiction to
jurisdiction. Good OSH practices can also reduce employee injury and illness related costs,
including medical care, sick leave and disability benefit costs.
REMEDIALMEASURES
Remedial Measures means taking steps to alleviate something we don't desire to experience.
1.3 Define Health And Safety?
1.2 OBJECTIVE
9. Page8
The study of industrial Hazard and Safety in Textile industry examines to promote Health and
safety to the workers in Bangladesh. The Hazards and risk involved in the textile industry is high
Compared with other industries and least importance is given to textile industries. Most of
accident does not come to the legal formalities. The People are not aware of Health & safety is
due to the workers are uneducated and management not given importance due to promote OHS
in Textile industry becomes a barriers in implementing OHS. The major hazards happen are
physical, chemical, ergonomically & physiologically hazards along with these some of things
which can create hazards are more working hours, improper ventilation. The RPN (Risk priority
number) has been find out for all the hazards in the textile industry and FEA is done for the
hazard with highest RPN no.
Major health and safety issue in textile industry
1.5 The Major Health and Safety Issues in the Textile Industry
1.4 Mission of visit
EXPOSURETO COTTON
DUST
EXPOSURETO CHEMICALS
EXPOSURETO NOISE ERGONOMIC ISSUES
10. Page9
1.6 TYPES OF HAZARDS
1.6.1 PHYSICAL HAZARD
it includes noise, fire, temperature etc.
HAZARD REMEDIAL MEASURE
• Isolation of the machine and silencer must be
kept
• Inverted drive control noise in ring frame
• Proper maintenance lubricating control noise
Remark: moderate (3+3+3)
• Dust collector
• Proper house keeping
• Necessary PPE should wear by worker
Remark: moderate (3+3+4)
• Proper lightening condition
• Keep your backbone straight while lifting load
• Pull the load as close to the body
• Lift and carry loads with straight arms
Remark: very good (5+5+5)
• Restrict unauthorised person to do welding
• ACB ( Air circuit breaker), MCB (motor circuit
breaker)
• Remark: fair (4+4+4)
• Proper ventilation condition
• Proper house keeping
• Remark: (4)
NOISE
(Noise induced hearing loss Tinnitus)
DUST
(Causes respiratory problems and causes Byssinosis, a
disease caused by cotton dust)
LIGHT (eye strain and glaring)
• LIFTING HEAVY WEIGHT
(Muscular skeletal disorders)
FIRE SAFETY HAZARDS
Loss of life, damages to the equipment
• WELDING OPERATION
(Spark ignition is very dangerous)
• ELECTRICAL SHORT CIRCUIT
HAPPENS
(If no trips occur it gets sparks and get fire
VENTILATION
(Ventilation cause suffocation)
Cause respiratory disease
Breathlessness……etc.
PHYSICAL
MECHANICAL ERGONOMICALLY
CHEMICAL
11. Page10
TEMPERATURE
• Impropertemperature
• Improperfoodstorage
CLEANLINESS
Improper floor
Improper dust
HUMIDITY
• Improper humidity
• Improper workplace
ELECTRICITY FITTING HAZARD
It includes short circuit etc.
• Improper earthing (trip occurs)
• Improper isolation (electric shock)
• Motor high speed rotating due to
high voltage (causes problem to the
machine)
• Usage of old wire (not proper
current flow)
• Input power cable exceeds more
output (cable melting and heated)
• Looping in the running line
(electronics PCB)
• Electrical maintenance (ECB board
check the connection grease the
motor frequently)
• Moisture (proper wiring)
Proper temperature maintenances
Temperature kept in control
ACB ( Air circuit breaker), MCB (motor circuit
breaker)
Remark: (4+4+4= 12)
Proper cleanness
Maintenance floor to protect from hazard
Necessary PPE should wear by worker
Remark: (4+4+4= 12)
Avoid improper temperature
Avoid more humidity
Manage proper temperature
Remark: (5+5+5= 15)
Avoid improper earthing and loose connections
All circuits to be enclosed in a proper circuit
Moisture to kept in control
Circuit breaker must be individual
Use of wires as per electrical standards
Input wire must be more power than output
Avoid looping
Needs preventive maintenance
Remark: fair (4)
HAZARD REMEDIAL MEASURE
12. Page11
1.6.2 ERGONOMICAL HAZARDS
it includes Continuous work and improper workstations
• Uncomfortable work station and height (pain
in hands and legs)
• Repetitive strain injuries (wrist, neck,
shoulder, neck, knee, angle)
• Importance to ergonomics
• Proper working procedure
Remark: poor (9)
1.6.3 PPE
(Personal protective equipment)
HAZARDS
• Not interested to work (physiological problem)
• Production target (stress to the worker)
REMEDIALMEASURES
• Give counselling
• Set achievable target
REMEDIALMEASURESHAZARD
FEA for FireHazard in TextileIndustry
1.7 OVERALL
13. Page12
All textile-manufacturing processes generate environmental pollution. Workers are exposed to the risk of
breathing air polluted with dust and fly and contracting respiratory ailments, byssinosis (lung disease),
chronic bronchitis etc. Cotton diseases called as Bygones is the most common problem found in ginning
industry.
• To minimize the effect of these floating fibers or impurities, the humidified air which is
circulated in the spinning and weaving department is filtered so as to separate these
floating impurities from the air.
• The workroom should not be more than 0.2mgm3 and controlled by some specific task.
• The cotton dust should be dumped with proper care and avoid storing in open container.
• Excessive drying should be avoided, if it dry the cotton dust will fly fast
1.7.2 Air Pollution Created by Textile Machineries
1.7.1 FEA for Cotton Industry
1.7.3 REMEDIAL MEASURES
14. Page13
• Because of high spindle speeds reached on new machines (ring spindles up to 20000 rpm,
rotor up to 110000 rpm) spinning mills can generally be assumed to generate a great deal
of noise. Noise levels of 70 to 100 dB are commonly recorded in workrooms.
• However, permissible limit set up at 90 dB by Federal Standards of USA for maximum
exposure duration of 8 hours per day.
• Noise level can be lowered by the use of noise control enclosures, absorbers, silencers
and baffles and by the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), such as earmuffs.
• Where technical methods are insufficient, noise exposure may be reduced by the use of
hearing protection
• By administrative controls such as limiting the time spent in noisy environment.
• Scheduling noisy operation outside normal shifts or at distant location.
1.7.4 NOISE LEVEL
1.7.5 REMEDIAL MEASURES
15. Page14
The hazards happening in the Textile industries are Mechanical Hazards, physical hazards,
chemical hazards, Ergonomic hazards and physiological hazards. Exposure of cotton disease
called Bysinosis .The Symptoms are chest tightness, breaking problem, asthma and irritation in
the Respiratory track. The study tells about the accumulation of workers, improper condition of
the machine, ergonomic problem faced by the worker, dust problems, poor lighting, ventilation
and unaware of personal protective equipment not given OHS in these industries. Education is
the fundamental right that helps the Growth of nation. The education help the workers to get
knowledge about medical rights, legal and social behavior. The people are uneducated most of
them do not know OHS at work place .
Ready made garment (RMG) are mass produced finished textile products of the clouthing
industry. Some common types of RMG are shirt, paint, sweaters, t-shirt etc. orign of the RMG
was after 1970 after the decreasing demand of jute industry. It took decades to stand itself as the
leading profile making sector of our country. Today with many public and private organizers are
giving the technological and other facilities for this sector as a result it is becoming strong and
has shaped thus today.
Mohammad salim zahargier, nimalathasan balasundaram (2010) mentioned in their paper that
two main sources of economic growth of Bangladesh have manufacturing and servicing, both
crucially dependent on the economic perforence of the country and another paper already say
factors affecting employees perforence is RMG sector in Chittagong, Bangladesh.
The Company unaware and lack of OHS some of them are training, housekeeping, accident
prevention ,hospital facility ,safety To control the noise level in the company premises and outside
the company necessary action must be taken that noise regulation must be adopted.
To maintain the quality and production, the health of worker is essential .The most important
Hazard in occupational is noise. The Main cause of noise problem in the weaving and spinning
industry is due to the poor design, overload and old machinery.
Chapter 2
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
16. Page15
5.1 GINNING INDUSTRY
The cotton in a machine which is used to separate the cotton fiber from the seeds and the cotton
send to the textile for making yarn. The one of main Hazard in ginning industry is fire, the causes
of fire happens in the Ginning Industry are Electrical, Manmade Behavior, spark from the Machine
and stored Raw cotton in sunlight and other causes
5.2 SPINNING INDUSTRY
The textiles are fabricated into clothes. Noise is the main hazard in textile industry. The noise
pollution (Regulation and control) rule 2000 in industrial area was 75db at Day Time [6 AM to
10 AM] and Night time [10 PM to 6 AM].The fire accidents occur in textile mills are often. The
Hazards in the spinning mills are more compare to other sectors of textile industry because the
Raw material cotton exposed to the fire easily.
5.3 Working and Living Condition of Worker
5.4 Overworked Labour Force
All workers, whether they are willingly to work or non will to work they are forced to work for
12 hours. These 12 hours does not include overtime. Some workers complaint that they are
forcing to work more than that time. As per Factories act 1948 under chapter -6 working hours of
Adults in section 51, no worker should not work more than 48 hour in a week and compensation
Holiday must be given for Extra working days.
5.5 Unprotected Working Condition
As we know that inhalation of cotton fiber leads to BYSONIS. So it is compulsory to use Masks
for these working Environment but no one following these safety Measure. As per factories act
1948, under chapter -4, under section 27 says, prohibition of employment of women and children
near cotton opener.
1) Task observation
2) Accident ill health or near miss data.
3) Workplace inspections.
4) Job safety analysis.
5) Legal standards
6) Guidance; ILO, OSHA, ISO, HSE….. etc.
7) Consultation.
Chapter 3
3.1 METHODOLOGY
3.2 How we observation
17. Page16
Data are the raw materials for any study. Relevant data for the study were collected from only
primary sources (Checklist.).
Two types of primary data were collected in the study qualitative and quantitative.
1. Quantitative data:
Data were gather from observation of worker activities.
2. Qualitative data:
Data were collected from interview.
Visited organization’s profile
Name of the organization : Delta Group (Delta Accessories ltd.)
Year of establishment : 1998
Production : Garments and Accessories
Raw material (s) use : Fabrics, dye and other accessories.
Working shift : 2 shifts (day and night), 8 hours regular + 4 hours
overtime every day.
Man power: 5000
Section Male Female Total
Office section 350 300 650
Production 1200 2350 3550
Engineering /Maintenance 450 50 500
Security 300 0 300
Total 2300 2700 5000
3.3 Data
18. Page17
Total Assessment result
Total Physical hazard in work place:
Maximum score Minimum Score Assessed score
45+45+45 = 135 9+9+9 = 27 36+37+36= 109
Total Mechanical hazard in work place:
Maximum score Minimum Score Assessed score
20+20+20= 60 4+4+4= 12 12+11+11= 34
Total Chemical hazard in work place:
Maximum score Minimum Score Assessed score
25+25+25= 75 5+5+5= 15 15+15+15= 45
Total Ergonomical hazard in work place:
Maximum score Minimum Score Assessed score
30+30+30= 90 6+6+6= 18 9+9+9= 27
Evaluation of result and Analysis
Organisational total Hazard
Maximum score Minimum score Assessed score
360 72 215
Overall organisational hazard score is 202 out of 360. So Assessed hazard is 59.722% which is
more than the average and that’s mean hazard situation is not worrying. Organisation should take
into consideration that there are hazards they should minimize for the workers as well for
organisations better functioning. If we look into specific hazard categories, it is clear that
workers are working in hazardous situation. For Physical hazard: maximum score is 135 and
hazard assessed score is 108 which mean good. Workers are working in good condition.
Mechanical hazard: maximum score is 60 and hazard assessed 22. It is also good for the workers.
19. Page18
Chemical hazard: maximum score is 75 and assessed hazard score is 45 which is average.
Ergonomical hazard: maximum score is 90 and assessed hazard score is 27 which mean poor and
workers are working in hazardous situation.
PPE Use:
Maximum score Minimum Score Assessed score
105 21 21
Evaluation and result of PPE use:
Employee PPE facilities are poor. As above mentioned table shows the data that our listed
facilities Overall organisation score is 21 out of 150. Therefore employee did not use PPE.
Welfare of the Employee and Health Hygiene:
Total facilities Available Not available
24 24 nil
Employee welfare and facilities are good. As above mentioned table shows the data that our
listed facilities are 24 (organisation should have) for the employee but in reality organisation is
providing 24 facilities which are maximum.
20. Page19
• Upgrade the existing technology or apply BD-EPA act. It is an act to provide for the
protection, conservation, rehabilitation and improvement of environment, for the
prevention and control of pollution, and promotion of sustainable development.
• In order to reduce dust emission from machinery it is proposed to cover up the moving
parts of machines, the proper maintenance and correct alignment of the gin machinery.
• Also OSHA standards can be used in textile industry of Bangladesh in order to improve
the health and safety aspects of the labor.
• Noise level can be lowered by the use of noise control enclosures, absorbers, silencers and
baffles and by the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), such as earmuffs.
Permissible limit set up at 90 dB by Federal Standards of USA for maximum exposure
duration of 8 hours per day.
• Where technical methods are insufficient, noise exposure may be reduced by the use of
hearing protection
• By administrative controls such as limiting the time spent in noisy environment.
• Organisation/Industry should pay attention more on facilities they should provide
• In the industry, ergonomic hazard is very high; they (authority) should pay attention on it.
• Employees are not using PPE enough during work. It should be increased to ensure to
minimize accidents of worker during work.
• Scheduling noisy operation outside normal shifts or at distant location.
• To minimize the effect of these floating fibres or impurities, the humidified air which is
circulated in the spinning and weaving department is filtered so as to separate these floating
impurities from the air.
• The workroom should not be more than 0.2mgm3 and controlled by some specific task.
• The cotton dust should be dumped with proper care and avoid storing in open container.
• Excessive drying should be avoided, if it dry the cotton dust will fly fast.
• The above presentation has demonstrated the hazards and risk involved and their
remedial measures in the five main sector of textile industries Ginning Industry Spinning
Industry Weaving Industry Dyeing Industry and Garment Industry but the spinning and
ginning industries are highlighted more due to their immense impact on workers
regarding health and safety.
4.2 SUMMARY
Chapter 4
4.1 SUGGESTION
21. Page20
• The hazards involved in textile industries are mainly noise, dust, fire and electrical
hazards are found by calculated RPN number,
• The RPN number is calculated by the multiplication of severity, probability and detect
ability. RPN = Severity x probability x Delectability, comparing to other hazards the
maximum RPN is found to be harmful to the workers.
• Immediate action must be taken to control this hazard to save workers health and promote
safety.
The presented study has demonstrated the hazards and risk involved in the spinning and ginning
industries. The main hazards are noise, dust, fire and electrical hazards is found by calculated
RPN number, comparing to other hazards the maximum RPN is found to be harmful to the
workers. So Immediate action must be taken to control these hazard to save workers health and
promote safety to worker.
4.3 CONCLUSION