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The Flower Calyx Corolla
The document defines a flower as a modified shoot with reproductive parts and floral leaves, detailing its structure, including calyx and corolla. It categorizes flowers based on their completeness (complete vs. incomplete), perfect vs. imperfect, and symmetry (actinomorphic vs. zygomorphic), as well as the position of floral leaves at the receptacle. Additionally, it describes various types of calyx and corolla, their shapes, and specific examples from different plant families.
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The Flower Calyx Corolla
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- 2. Definition : • AFlower is : • Highly modified form of shoot • Have reproductive characteristic • With floral leaves • Calyx, Corolla collectively called Perianth and Androecium ,Gynoecium • These are arranged at Thalamus
- 3. Thalamus : Thalamus Essential Part MicrosporophyllStamen Anther Filament Connective Megasporophyll Carpel Stigma Style Ovary Non Essential Part Calyx Corolla
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- 5. Bracts : Aspecial leaf that bears a flower or a cluster of flowers in its axil or encloses it. • Leafy Bract: When it is like ordinary leaf. • Scaly Bract: When it is like small thin and scale like. • Pataloid: When bracts are coloured like petals. e.g Bougainvillea. • Involucre: Group of bracts forming a cup like structure at base of inflorescence. e.g Sunflower. • Glumes: Small and dry bracts as in wheat. • Spathe: A large bract enclosing a cluster of flowers.
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- 8. Attachment of Flower •Pedicillate: when pedicle is present. • Sessile: when pedicle is absent. • Sub Sessile: when pedicle is very small. Pedicle
- 9. Presence or absenceof floral whorls. • It is of two types. 1. Complete A flower in which Perianth and Androecium Gyonecium are Present.
- 10. 2. Incomplete Flower: •If one or • more of the • floral leaves • are missing. • Euphorbia
- 11. Presence of reproductivewhorl. • It is of two types. 1. Perfect Flower: • Flower in which • Stamens and • Carpels both • Are present. • Bisexual • Hermaphrodite
- 12. 2. Imperfect Flower. •If any one of the reproductive, floral leaf is absent it is called imperfect flower. • Unisexual. • It may be staminate (which has stamen) • Or pistillate (which has carpel). Staminate Pistillate
- 13. Symmetry of Flower. •Actinomorphic. When flower can be divided into two equal halves in more than one plane. E.g Poppy • Zygomorphic. When flower can be divided into two equal halve in one plane only. E.g Ocimum
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- 15. Position of Floralleaves at Receptacle. • It may be • Hypogynous: Gynoecium develops at top of thalamus while all other floral leaves grow below thalamus. • Epigynous: Thalamus is cup shaped become fused with ovary while all other floral leaves are present below. • Perigynous: thalamus is flattened in the form of circular disc, gynoecium is in centre while all other floral leaves are at sides,
- 17. Calyx • Outermost whorlconsisting of sepals. • Caducous: Sepals fall as flower opens. Poppy • Decedious: sepals fall as flower withers. Buttercup • Persistent: Sepals remain in place. Brinjal • Petaloid: Sepals are like petals. Larkspur • Polysepalous: Sepals are free. Brassica • Gamosepalous: Sepals are fused. Citrus
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- 19. Shape of Calyx. •Tubular: Sepals are like tube. Verbena • Campanulate: Sepals unite to form bell shaped structure. Petunia Alba • Infundibulum: It is funnel like. Atropa Belladona • Pappus: Sepals are much reduced and are like hairs. Sunflower • Bilabiate: Sepals fuse to form a bilibbed structure. • Spurred: Sepals form a hollow tube spur. Larkspur • Hooded: One or more sepals are modified into hood like structure. Monk hood
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- 21. Corolla • Both freeand fused petals are collectively called corolla. • The arrangement results in different shapes. Such as
- 22. Clawed. • Petals narrowat base • Upper portion is broad • Petals are free • Turnip
- 23. Caryophyllaceous • Corolla tubelike • Five petals • Each petals has a long claw • Limbs spread out above tube • At right angles to claws • Dianthus
- 24. Cruciform • Corolla consistsof four free petals • Arranged in the form of cross. • Brassicaceae
- 25. Rosaceous • Five freepetals • Very short claws limbs spread irregularly outwardly. • Rosa indica.
- 26. Papilionaceous. • Five petals. •Three are free • Two are fused • Posterior petal is large called standard. • Either side of standard there are two small petals the wings. • Within wings there is a boat shaped structure called keel. • Assumes butterfly shape. • Character of family papilionaceae.
- 28. Bilabiate • Petals fuseto form bilipped structure. • If lips gap apart (bilibiate ringent) • If lips are fused • (bilibiate personnate) • Libiatae
- 29. Spurred • Two ormore petals unite • Prolong into a tubular structure the spur • Larkspur.
- 30. Tubular • The petalsunite and fuse to form a tube like structure • As in disc florets of sunflower.
- 31. Ligulate • Petals uniteto form tube in lower portion • Long flattened upper strap like portion • In ray florets of sun flower
- 32. Rotate • Corolla iswheel shaped • Lower part of petals are united • Upper part is spread out as spokes of wheel • Solanum nigrum (mako)
- 33. Campanulate • Petals fuseto form a bell shaped corolla • Sominifera
- 35. Types of Corolla •Caducous: Petals fall as flower opens. Grape • Sapaloid: Petals are green like sepals. Uvaria • Polysepalous: Petals are free. Brassica • Gamosepalous: Petals are united. Sunflower
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