Estimation of Fixed Capital Cost
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Operating labour, allow one extra man on days. It is unlikely that one extra man per shift would be needed to operate this small plant, and one extra per shift would give a disproportionately high labour cost.
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CEE 8.pptx
The document discusses methods for estimating total product costs for a manufacturing plant. It describes how total product costs are calculated and categorized, including manufacturing costs and general expenses. Manufacturing costs include direct production costs, fixed charges, and plant overhead costs. Direct production costs make up the largest portion at 66% of total product costs and include raw materials, labor, utilities, and maintenance. The document provides examples and percentages for how different cost elements are typically estimated within each category of total product costs.
Cost Estimation
This document discusses various methods for estimating capital costs for industrial projects. It provides equations and percentages for estimating costs of major cost components like equipment, piping, construction, etc. It also discusses factors that influence cost estimates like plant capacity, material of construction, location indices. Costs are classified as fixed, variable, direct, indirect. Methods covered include index-based cost adjustment, factor rating based on capacity, step-counting based on process units.
Diamond Chemicals plc (A): The Merseyside Project
The controller at Diamond Chemicals wants to pass a 9 million pound project to increase production capacity, but there are issues with the discount rate used, treatment of engineering costs, including costs of a related EPC project and parent company's investment, temporary loss of customers during the shutdown, and concerns about sales projections due to the recession. A treasury analyst and various managers provide feedback on these issues and suggest adjustments to the assumptions and calculations to provide a more accurate analysis of the project's costs and potential returns.
Cost accounting slides unit1 and unit2, edicted
The slides provide for the fundamental principles and calculations of cost accounting. It is useful for the foundation levels. People to go through these slides must expect the very basics of cost accounting. Also it does not only provide for the fundamentals, but it also gives more complex calculations, which are well explained.
PGBM01 - MBA Financial Management And Control (2015-16 Trm1 A) Lecture 8 sho...
The document provides an overview of short-term decision making techniques, including characteristics, the decision-making cycle, and qualitative factors. It discusses techniques like working capital management, product mix decisions, and make-or-buy decisions. For make-or-buy decisions, it uses an example of the Essex Company to illustrate how to evaluate whether to produce a part internally or purchase it from a supplier by considering only relevant costs.
A ll questions according to topics
If you are student of managerial accounting this paper will help you to practice for best. And this type of questions are come into the exam.
Product job costing revision notes 0
This document discusses product costing and job costing concepts. It defines manufacturing costs as consisting of direct and indirect costs. Direct costs such as raw materials and labor are directly linked to a product, while indirect costs such as factory rent are not directly linked but must be included. Costs can also be classified as fixed, variable, or mixed based on how they change with production levels. The document provides examples of how to calculate overhead absorption rates and determine under- or over-absorbed overhead. It also discusses cost allocation, absorption, and apportionment across multiple cost centers. Practice questions at the end provide examples of calculating product costs and overhead rates for jobs and multiple departments.
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Income tax
Taxes imposed on the earnings of organizations and individuals are income taxes. Marginal tax rate and flat tax rate. Marginal tax rates are harmful to the economy.
Nominal and Effective Interest Rate
Interest Rate that does not include any consideration of compound interest.Continuous compounding. EAIR.
Interest Why Engineers should know ?
The money returned to the owners of capital for use of their capital.
Compound interest is the result of reinvesting interest, rather than paying it out.
Quotation of interest rates
Projects, Investment, Profitability
This document discusses various methods for evaluating project profitability and investment decisions. It describes quantitative measures like return on investment, return on average investment, payback period, net present worth, and internal rate of return. It also discusses qualitative, intangible factors like employee morale, safety, corporate image, and management goals. The document provides definitions and limitations of different profitability measures. It categorizes project types and notes profitability is difficult to define but important for decision making and maximizing returns on investment.
Taxes and Insurance Engineering point of view
Tax is a mandatory financial charge, Property taxes, Excise taxes, Income taxes. Capital-gains tax is levied on profits made from the sale of capital assets. Self-insurance is a risk management method
Summary of Production Costs
Evaluation of preliminary industrial design work . Purchase cost of miscellaneous equipment. Total purchase cost of major equipment items .
Purchase Cost of Miscellaneous Equipment
The document outlines various indirect costs associated with purchasing miscellaneous equipment, including design and engineering costs estimated at 20-30% of direct capital costs, contractor's fees of 5-10% of direct capital costs, and a contingency allowance of 5-10% for issues like labor disputes or weather. The total physical plant cost is the sum of direct costs and these indirect costs.
Mass Transfer Equipment Cost
The document summarizes the components and cost factors involved in purchasing plate and packed towers for mass transfer equipment. The purchased cost can be divided into the shell cost, internals cost like trays and packing, and auxiliary costs. The purchased cost is calculated as the bare cost from figures multiplied by a material factor and pressure factor. Figures are provided showing examples of tray types and cross-sectional views of plate and packed towers.
HEAT-TRANSFER EQUIPMENT COSTS
basic information that should be supplied to a fabricator in order to obtain a price estimate or firm quotation on a proposed heat exchanger (Process Information, Mechanical Information)
Gross Profit, Net Profit
Gross profit, net profit per capital investment. Total annual product cost equals the total annual sales.
Manufacturing Costs
Manufacturing costs per capital investment.Manufacturing costs are: Variable production costs, fixed charges, and plant-overhead.
Direct and indirect production cost. Plant overhead costs. Administrative costs. Distribution and marketing costs. Research and development costs
Capital Investment
Capital cost estimate classifications, Chemical industry. Turnover ratio.
Total product are manufacturing cost and general expenses. product costs are calculated on:
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Cost Indices for Industrial Application
Cost Indices, change in cost over time. Cost indexes are maintained in areas such as construction, chemical and mechanical industries. Lang’s method , Hand method.
Estimation of Capital Investments
Capital needed to supply the necessary manufacturing and
plant facilities. Estimation of capital investment.
Order-of-magnitude estimates, 6-10th's rule, Price indices,
Production Costs
Cash flow, cash flow diagram and industry. Cost estimation is required to provide reliable decisions.Price fluctuations, company policies, governmental regulations
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Time value of money is measured by interest rates. Money has time value because it can earn more over time through interest (earning power) and its purchasing power changes with inflation. The present value of a future amount can be calculated using the present value formula, which takes into account the discount rate and number of periods until receipt. As time passes, the value of assets invested in a project will change. Assets are items owned that have future economic benefit and are divided into tangible assets with physical form and intangible assets without physical form.
Economics for Engineers, Why ?
The document discusses engineering economics and its importance for chemical engineers. It provides three key objectives of engineering economics: 1) to assess the appropriateness of a given project, 2) to estimate its value, and 3) to justify it from an engineering standpoint. The document then analyzes several potential reaction processes for producing vinyl chloride and calculates the gross profit that could be made from each based on raw material and product prices. Reaction 3, which converts ethylene and chlorine into vinyl chloride and hydrogen chloride, is identified as the most profitable option.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Estimation of Fixed Capital Cost
- 1. Estimation of Fixed Capital Cost Dr. K. Shahzad Baig Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN) Canada
- 2. Indirect costs The indirect costs are estimated as a function of the direct costs. 1. Design and engineering costs cost of design and the cost of “engineering” the plant: purchasing, procurement and construction supervision. 20 -30 % of the direct capital costs. 2. Contractor’s fees 5-10 % of direct capital cost 3. Contingency allowance labour disputes, design errors, adverse weather 5 -10 % of of the direct costs.
- 3. Total physical plant cost = (PPC)
- 4. Estimation of fixed capital cost Direct Costs Fluids processing plant, PCE £130,000 f1 Equipment erection 0.40 f3 Instrumentation 0.20 f4 Electrical 0.10 f5 Buildings none required f6 Utilities not applicable f7 Storages provided in PCE f8 Site development not applicable f9 Ancillary buildings none required f2 Piping 0.70
- 5. f10 Design and Engineering 0.30 f11 Contractor’s Fee none (unlikely to be used for a small, plant project) f12 Contingencies 0.10 Working capital allow 5% of fixed capital to cover the cost of the initial solvent charge
- 7. Operating Cost Operating time Variable costs: 1. Raw materials, solvent make-up = 10 * 347 * 400/1000 = £ 1388 2. Miscellaneous materials, 10% of maintenance cost (item 5) = £ 2200 3. Utilities, cost from Table 6.5: Steam, at 7£/t = 7 * 8328 * 200/1000 = £11,659 Cooling water, at 1.5 p/t = (1.5/100) * 8328 * 5000/1000 = £ 625 Power, at 1.2 p/MJ = 1.2/100 * 360 * 347 = £ 1499 4. Shipping and packaging not applicable Variable costs = £17,371
- 8. Fixed costs: 5. Maintenance, take as 5% of fixed capital = 445,000 * 0.05 = £22,250 6. Operating labour, allow one extra man on days. It is unlikely that one extra man per shift would be needed to operate this small plant, and one extra per shift would give a disproportionately high labour cost. Say, £30,000 per year, allowing for overheads = £30,000 7. Supervision, no additional supervision would be needed 8. Plant overheads, take as 50% of operating labour = £15,000 9. Laboratory, take as 30% of operating labour = £ 9000 10. Capital charges, 6% of fixed capital (bank rate 4%) £26,700 11. Insurance, 1% of fixed capital £ 4450 12. Local taxes neglect 13. Royalties not applicable
- 9. Direct production costs = 17,396 + 107,400 = £124,796 14. Sales expense not applicable 15. General overheads not applicable 16. Research and development not applicable Annual operating cost, rounded = £125,000
- 10. Following books were used in preparation of notes Blank, L., Tarquin. A. 2005. Engineering Economy. 6th Edition, McGraw-Hill. Eschenbach, T. G. 2003. Engineering Economy”, 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press Riggs, J. L., Bedworth, D. D., Randhawa, S. U. 1996. Engineering Economics”, 4th Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill. Riggs, J. L., West. T. M. 1986. Essentials of Engineering Economics”, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill. Peter, M. S., Timmerhaus, K. D. 1991. Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers. 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill.