A chemical accident is the unintentional release of one or more hazardous substances which could harm human health or the environment. Chemical hazards are systems where chemical accidents could occur under certain circumstances. Such events include fires, explosions, leakages or releases of toxic or hazardous materials that can cause people illness, injury, disability or death.
A chemical accident is the unintentional release of one or more hazardous substances which could harm human health or the environment. Chemical hazards are systems where chemical accidents could occur under certain circumstances. Such events include fires, explosions, leakages or releases of toxic or hazardous materials that can cause people illness, injury, disability or death.
Definition
Biological Agents as Causes of Mass Destruction
Sources of Biological Agents
Types of Biological Agents
Epidemics
Bioterrorism
History : Major events across the globe
Impact of Biological Disaster
Prevention of Biological Disaster
The Bhopal disaster, also referred to as the Bhopal gas tragedy, was a gas leak incident in India.
It occurred on the night of 2–3 December 1984 in the pesticide plant of Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Over 500,000 people were exposed to methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas , one of the world’s most toxic chemicals, as it leaked into the atmosphere.
Definition
Biological Agents as Causes of Mass Destruction
Sources of Biological Agents
Types of Biological Agents
Epidemics
Bioterrorism
History : Major events across the globe
Impact of Biological Disaster
Prevention of Biological Disaster
The Bhopal disaster, also referred to as the Bhopal gas tragedy, was a gas leak incident in India.
It occurred on the night of 2–3 December 1984 in the pesticide plant of Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Over 500,000 people were exposed to methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas , one of the world’s most toxic chemicals, as it leaked into the atmosphere.
Environmental impacts of coronavirus crisis, challenges aheadAnup Bajracharya
The worldwide disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in numerous impacts on the environment and the climate. There is reduction in carbon emissions, visibility clearance in the environment.
Man made disaster ppt/ Human made disaster are specific events where an Anthropogenic hazard has come to fruition. Made by Vivek of class 9 NCERT is the best ppt ever made. I hope you find it very interesting.
Regards
Given the March 2011 Japan earthquake, what kind of air pollution pr.pdffootstatus
Given the March 2011 Japan earthquake, what kind of air pollution problems has developed
from it? Has this incident changed your views on nuclear energy as a viable energy source to
help to reduce current air pollution problems? Explain.
Solution
On the 11th March 2011, a magnitude nine Richter earthquakes hit the northeast coast of Japan
and is followed tsunami caused massive and irremediable damage to the nuclear reactors of
Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant, which caused releasing of harmful radiation elements and
substances into the environment. Since then, many experts, government officers, professionals in
related spheres and journalists from numerous countries had been talking about the impact and
results of these radiation leakages on environment and public health in Japan.
In this article, the author would like to focus on the next aspects, which on his opinion are most
urgent for present time: environment and industry, environment and agriculture, marine
environment and radiation expose, public health and radiation expose.
The disaster wrought devastation from Aomori prefecture in the north to Chiba prefecture in the
south, which located only about 35 km east of Tokyo. The results of earthquake and tsunami are
terrible:
The International Nuclear Event Scale (INES) gave the highest level on seriousness of nuclear
accident on Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant “ level 7, the same as the Chernobyl nuclear disaster
in 1986
In Ibaraki prefecture, Kashima city, which serve as the home for the largest number of
petrochemical hard industrial complexes in Japan, also suffered from earthquake and tsunami
damage. There located Mitsubishi chemical plant “ one of the largest Japan’s chemicals
manufactures, Adeka company plant, Shin-Etsu chemical plant, Sumitomo metal plant, Asahi
glass plant and many others which produce chemicals and various types of materials used in
building construction.Due to catastrophic tsunami, they were wiped out a strip of coast
supporting construction and a wide range of industries capacity. For example, the Iwate
prefecture sea cost has many fishing communities, cement and plywood productions which were
affected by tsunami. The Miyage prefecture coastline had approximately 1,000 different
manufactures, one of them is refinery plant located in Sendai with 145,000 barrel oil capacity per
day. Marine products processing plants and rice farms in the Sendai area, which according to one
data, provide approximately 8% of Japan’s rice production, as well as Fukushima’s chemical
plants and fishery industries, have also been affected greatly.
Also, in the affected territories there located some capacity of companies, including famous
companies such as Canon, Fujitsu, Honda, Nissan, Panasonic, Sony and others. According to the
reports from the Japanese Ministry of the Environment, Ministry of Economy, Trade and
Industry, Fire and Disaster Management Agency, harmful chemicals were leaked out to the
environment from these plants, includin.
This Slide is about Disaster management. About The Various steps that one should take during man Made and natural disasters. It Also includes Case Study to make the Slide Overall more interesting. The Slide also includes the various Mitigation steps that Must be followed in general during any Disaster.
Hope You like the Presentation and don't forget to Like and Comment :)
Disaster management Presentation (PPT) by Faisal Faisal Ayub
HI friends..I am Faisal.....this is my PPT of disaster management...some topics like earthquake,flood,drought,human made disaster etc..have been covered and their precaution...feel free to use this....hope u like it..........comment rating out of 10.....thnx
These notes help you to get a summary of all the lessons covered throughout the textbook.
It took some time to find all of these, but they help you a lot while revising.
This is a short summary of 3 laws, namely:
1. Indian Contract Act, 1872
2. Sales of goods Act, 1930
3. Indian Partnership Act, 1932
These notes make it easier for you to glance almost everything at once
This was presentation that our teachers had made for us on the occasion of Children's Day.
Just like News round up ...... they had put up Expressions round up..
Hope you enjoy it...
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
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Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
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2. A chemical accident is the unintentional refuse of
one or more hazardous substances which could
harm human health or
the ENVIRONMENT. Chemical hazards are
systems where chemical accidents could occur
under certain circumstances. Such events include
fires, explosions, leakages or releases
of toxic or hazardous materials that can cause
people illness, injury, disability or death.
INTRODUCTION
3. While chemical accidents may occur whenever toxic
materials are stored, transported or used, the most
severe accidents are industrial accidents, involving
major chemical manufacturing and storage
facilities. The most significant chemical accident in
recorded history was the 1984 Bhopal
disaster in India, in which more than 3,000 people
were killed after a highly toxic vapour, (methyl
isocyanate), was released at a Union
Carbide pesticides factory.
4. An accident that is severe and
involves a chemical substance.
Large-scale damage usually results,
causing injuries and loss of many
animals, plants, or humans, as well
as the destruction of
an environment.
DEFINITION
5. Do not smoke, lit fire or spark in the identified hazardous area
Sensitize the community living near the industrial units and they should
be more vigilant about the nature of industrial units and associated
risks.
Keep the contact numbers of nearest hazardous industry, fire station,
police station, control room, health services and district control room,
for emergency use.
Avoid housing near the industries producing or processing the
hazardous chemicals, if possible.
Participate in all the capacity building programmes organized by the
government/ voluntary organizations / industrial units.
Take part in preparing disaster management plan for the community
and identify safe shelter along with safe and easy access routes.
PRECAUTIONS-BEFORE THE
DISASTER
6. Prepare a family disaster management plan and explain it to
all the family members.
Make the family/ neighbours aware of the basic
characteristics of various poisonous/ hazardous chemicals
and the first aid required to treat them.
Adequate number of personal protective equipments needs
to be made available, to deal with emergency situation.
Prepare an emergency kit of items and essentials in the
house, including medicines, documents and valuables.
7. - Keep calm and do not panic.
- Listen to the radio and follow official instructions. Inform
your neighbours, especially the elderly and handicapped and
assist them.
- Stay inside, if at home, or shelter in a building and close
all doors and windows. Seal all exterior openings and tum
off the ventilation, air conditioning and heating.
- Protect your mouth and nose, if in the open, with a wet
cloth or a protective mask, shelter in the nearest building
and remain inside until otherwise instructed by the
authorities.
- Do not telephone as this overloads the system.
PRECAUTIONS-DURINGTHEDISASTER
8. - Follow the orders of the civil protection, fire
service, police or other intervening services.
- Eat only food stored inside a building, such as
tinned food and preserves. Drink only from bottles
or cartons.
- Follow the instructions on the use of tap water.
- If you are in a car, tum off the ventilation and
close the windows. Listen to the radio and shelter in
the nearest building. Follow the instructions of the
authorities. If in public transport follow the crew's
instructions.
9. - Follow the orders of the civil protection, fire
service, police or other intervening services.
- The evacuation of members of the public is
unlikely in areas with buildings and homes that can
be hermetically sealed. The decision to evacuate or
stay will be taken by the relevant political authority
(national or provincial government) who will
organise the evacuation using all the civilian and
military means at their disposal and in collaboration
with the services responsible for the reception area.
Follow the authorities' orders and instructions.
PRECAUTIONS-AFTERTHEDISASTER
10. - Taking all necessary precautions, assist neighbours and
persons in need such as the wounded, children,
handicapped and the elderly, in collaboration with the
intervention and rescue teams.
- The above OBJECTIVES should be included in the
necessary legislation on the protection of the public and the
environment which lays down the obligations concerning
the production, use, handling, transport and storage of
dangerous substances. Protection of ground water and the
air is also of primary importance.
11. - In view of the potential dangers, it is most important
that MANAGERS of firms and installations working with
dangerous chemical products be fully aware of their responsibility
and make constant efforts to ensure optimal security in this matter.
This calls for close collaboration with official watchdogs and safety
bodies and with the local and regional political authorities and their
intervention services, especially the fire service and police as well as
with the information and alarm centres of civil protection services.
- Experience with toxic leaks, among others, has shown that the
following specific preventive and protective measures should be
taken:
- Knowing the chemicals which are potentially dangerous, their
production, use, storage, transport, handling and the threat they
pose: fire, explosion, leak, uncontrolled reaction.
13. The Jilin chemical plant explosions were a series
of explosions which occurred on November 13, 2005, in the
No.101 Petrochemical Plant in Jilin
City, Jilin Province, China, over the period of an hour. The
explosions killed six, injured dozens, and caused
the evacuation of tens of thousands of residents.
The blasts created an 80 km long toxic slick in the Songhua
River, a tributary of the Amur. The slick, predominantly
made up of benzeneand nitrobenzene, passed through
the Amur River over subsequent weeks.
WHATHAPPPENED
14. Explosions
The cause of the blasts was initially determined two days after the blast:
the accident site is a nitration unit for aniline equipment. T-102 tower
jammed up and was not handled properly, hence the blasts. The blasts
were so powerful that they shattered windows at least 100 to 200 meters
away; at least 70 people were injured and six were killed. Thefires were
finally put out early in the morning of November 14. Over 10,000 people
were evacuated from the area, including local residents and students at
the north campus ofBeihua University and Jilin Institute of Chemical
Technology,[3] for fear of further explosions and contamination with
harmful chemicals. to investigate the cause of the incidents.
15. The CNPC, which owns the COMPANYin charge of the
factory, Jilin Petrochemical Corporation, has asked senior
officials to investigate the cause of the incidents.[4]
The explosions are not thought to be related to terrorism,
and the COMPANY told a press conference that they had
occurred as a result of a chemical blockage that had gone
unfixed.[5]
The municipal government asked HOTELS
AND restaurants in the city to provide rooms for the
evacuated people. Taxi COMPANIES also aided in the
evacuation.
16. WATER POLLUTION
The explosion severely polluted the Songhua River, with an
estimated 100 tons of pollutants
containing benzene and nitrobenzeneentering into the
river.[6] Exposure to benzene reduces white blood cell count
and is linked to leukemia.
An 80 km long toxic slick drifted down the Amur River, and
the benzene level recorded was at one point 108 times above
national safety levels. The slick passed first on the Songhua
River through several counties and cities of Jilin province,
including Songyuan; it then entered the province
of Heilongjiang,
with Harbin, CAPITAL of Heilongjiang province and one
of China's largest cities, being one of the first places to be
affected.
17. After traversing the eastern half of Heilongjiang
including the city of Jiamusi, the slick converged
into the Amur River at the mouth of
the Songhua on the border between China
and Russia. It passed by the Jewish Autonomous
Oblast in Russia, then entered the Russian region
of Khabarovsk Krai in the Russian Far East,
passing through the cities
of Khabarovsk and Komsomolsk-on-Amur before
exiting into the Strait of Tartary, itself a bridge
between the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of
Japan portions of the Pacific Ocean.
18. Heilongjiang Province
Harbin, the CAPITAL of Heilongjiang, is one of
China's biggest cities with nearly ten million urban
residents. It is also dependent on the Songhua River
for its water supply.
On November 21, the city government of Harbin
announced that water supplies would be shut off at
noon November 22 for four days for maintenance.
Some residents of Harbin have complained that
water in some parts of the city had been shut off
much earlier than announced. The city also ordered
all bathhouses and carwashes to close.
19. At the same time as the enigmatic announcement,
rumours ran wild about the possible cause of the
shutoff, with some suggesting that an earthquake
was imminent (causing some people to camp
outdoors) and others claiming that terrorists had
poisoned the city's water supply. The news of the
shutoff caused panic buying of water, beverages,
and foodstuffs in the city's supermarkets, while
train tickets and flights out of the area were soon
sold out. Meanwhile, dead fish were appearing
along the BANKS of the Songhua upstream from
Harbin, further compounding the fears of Harbin
residents.
20. Later on the same day, the city government issued another
announcement, this time explicitly mentioning the Jilin
explosions as the reason for the shutoff. The four-day
shutoff was postponed to midnight on November 24.
From 9 a.m. to 8 p.m. on November 23, the city
temporarily restored the water supply to allow residents
to STOCK up on water, since the slick had not yet reached
the city. In the afternoon of the same day, schools in
Harbin were closed for one week. Also on November 23,
Harbin residents began to receive water from fire trucks,
and began voluntary evacuation.
21. The slick itself reached Harbin before dawn on
November 24. On that day, the nitrobenzene level at
Harbin was recorded at 16.87 times above the
national safety level, while the benzene level was
increasing, but had not yet exceeded national safety
level. The nitrobenzene level doubled on November
25 (0.5805 mg/L), 33.15 times the national safety
level, and began to decrease. The benzene level
stayed under national safety level. At the same time,
the tail of the slick
left Zhaoyuan, Daqing, Heilongjiang. Premier Wen
Jiabao of the State Council visited Harbin on
November 26 to inspect the current situation,
including the status of water pollution and water
supply.
22. In response to the crisis, trucks transported tens of
thousands of metric tons of water from
surrounding cities, and thousands of tons
of activated carbon from all over the country to
Harbin. The government of Harbin also ordered
the price of drinking water to be frozen at the level
of November 20, in order to combat overpricing. In
addition, Harbin is boring ninety-five more deep-
water wells, to complement the existing 918 deep-
water wells in the city. Fifteen hospitals were on
stand-by for possible poisoning victims.
23. Harbin was not the only city to be affected. The slick
passed through the city of Jiamusi, which, however, relies
more heavily on underground water supply, and thus did
not cut off water supplies. Nevertheless, on December 2,
Jiamusi shut down its No. 7 Water Plant, which supplies
around 70% of the city's water supply, and evacuated half
of the population on its Liushu island.
It is reported that the entry of several tributaries into the
Songhua, such as the Hulan River and the Mudan River,
diluted the slick.
Water supply in Harbin was resumed in the evening of
November 27.
24. HERE IS A GLANCEOF WHAT
HAPPENEDIN THE EXPLOSIONS