ESTABLISHING THE VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY [Autosaved].pptx

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Maam Chedz Arnigo
ESTABLISHING THE
VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY
OF THE INSTRUMENT
Cheding M. Arnigo

VALIDITY

What is VALIDITY?
Validity refers to the degree to which the
instrument measures what it intends to
measure. It involves collecting and analyzing
the data to assess the accuracy of an
instrument.

Ways to Assess the Validity
Face Validity
Content Validity
Criterion Validity
Construct Validity

Face Validity
 It is a subjective type of measurement.
 It is the simplest and the easiest type of validity wherein
the validator skims the surface of the instrument in
order to form an opinion.
 It is often criticized as the weakest form of validity

 It refers to the appropriateness of the
content of an instrument.
 It includes experts or people familiar with the
construct being measured.
Content Validity

Criterion Validity
This type of validity measures how well
the relationship between the measure
and an outcome.

3 Ways to Measure Criterion Validity
Convergent Validity
Divergent Validity
Construct Validity

shows instrument is highly correlated
with instruments measuring similar
variables
Example: geriatric suicide correlated to
depression
Convergent Validity

 shows that the instrument is poorly
correlated to instruments that measure
different variables
Example: correlation is low in instrument measuring
motivation and instrument measuring self-efficacy
Divergent Validity

 The instrument that has correlation with
the future criterion
Example: score of a high efficacy test related to a
performance task should predict the likelihood of
completing the task
Construct Validity

Construct Validity
 defines how well a test measures what it
claims to measure
 It is used to know whether the operational
definition of a construct aligned to the true
theoretical meaning of a concept

3 Types of Construct Validity
Homogeneity
Convergence
Theory of Evidence
This means the instrument measures one construct only.
The instrument measures construct similarly to another
instrument.
This is when behavior is similar to the theoretical
propositions of the construct measured in the instrument.

RELIABILITY

What is Reliability?
Reliability refers to how accurate and
precise the measuring instrument. It yields
consistent responses for repeated
measurements.

Ways to Assess the Reliability
Stability or Test-retest reliability
Split-half Method
Internal Consistency

Stability or Test-retest reliability
 This is the simplest type of reliability
wherein the same questionnaire is
administered twice and a correlation
between two sets of scores is computed.

Split-half Method
 Also called equivalent or parallel forms. This
is done by administering two different sets
of questionnaires but with the same topic
and a correlation between two sets of
scores is computed.

Internal Consistency
 This is when the instrument measures a
specific concept. It is estimated based on a
single form of the test administered on a
single occasion.

Ways to improve the instrument
Pilot Testing
Revising the instrument

Activity 1
Identify the word being described in each statement. Choose the
letter of your answer in the box.
a. Validity b. Content validity c. criterion validity
d. test-retest reliability e. Face validity f. split-half method
g. Construct validity h. questionnaire i. Pilot testing
j. questionnaire k. Face validity l. Reliability

1. It is a degree to which a test measure what it
intends to measure

2. It measures the relationship between measure
and outcome.

3. The process of pre-testing the instrument before
distributing to the target respondents

4. Testing reliability by giving the test twice and
correlating two sets of scores.

5. A series of questions where the respondents
provide their answers.

6. The subjective form of validating the
instrument.

7. It refers to whether the operational definition of a
variable actually reflects the true theoretical
meaning of a concept.

8. It refers to how accurate and precise the
measuring instrument.

9. A process of validating with the help pf experts.

10. Also called equivalent or parallel forms.

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