Errors and Uncertainties in Measurements.pptx
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This document discusses key concepts related to measurement uncertainty in physics experiments. It defines uncertainty as the total range of possible values a measurement can lie within. Absolute uncertainty is stated to one significant figure and examples are given for different measurement scales. Percentage uncertainty refers to the uncertainty quoted by manufacturers as a percentage of the total reading. Accuracy pertains to how close a measurement is to the true value and depends on factors like equipment and reducing uncertainties. Precision refers to the closeness of repeated measurements and depends on reducing the measurement range and random errors. Both accuracy and precision rely on proper instrumentation and user skill.
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Errors and uncertainty
All physical measurements have an associated uncertainty that reflects errors involved. There are two types of errors - random errors which are out of the measurer's control and can be reduced through repeat readings, and systematic errors from instruments which can be reduced through calibration. The uncertainty is the smallest division on the instrument for systematic errors, and for random errors it can be determined from the range of repeat readings.
Principle of measurement
1) The document discusses various concepts related to measurement principles including accuracy, precision, resolution, sensitivity and error.
2) It describes different types of errors like gross error, systematic error and random error. Systematic error includes instrumental, environmental and observational errors.
3) Accuracy refers to the closeness of a measurement to the true value. Precision refers to the consistency of repeated measurements. Accuracy and precision are related but distinct measures of measurement quality.
Accuracy precision - resolution
1. Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the actual value, while precision describes the consistency of repeated measurements.
2. Measurement uncertainty comes from systematic errors in instruments and random errors from noise. Total uncertainty is calculated by combining the uncertainties.
3. Improving precision involves averaging measurements to reduce noise, but this may reduce bandwidth. Resolution is the smallest distinguishable difference in values.
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This document provides an overview of electronic measurements and instrumentation. It discusses key topics like electronics, measurement processes, instruments, transducers, and performance characteristics of measuring systems. The performance characteristics include static characteristics like accuracy, precision, resolution, and dynamic characteristics like speed of response, fidelity, and lag. Common types of errors in measurement like gross errors, systematic errors and random errors are explained. Statistical analysis methods for random errors are described. Finally, the document discusses the basic meter movement in permanent magnetic moving coil instruments and the D'Arsonval galvanometer mechanism.
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The document discusses electronic measurements and instrumentation. It begins by defining electronics, measurement processes, and key terms like measurand, instrumentation, and measuring instruments. It then describes electronic measurements and various measurement methods. Instruments are classified based on their application and advantages of instrumentation systems are outlined. The document also discusses performance characteristics of instruments like accuracy, precision, resolution, and error. It describes static characteristics obtained through calibration and dynamic characteristics. Finally, it covers sources of errors in measurements and statistical analysis methods to analyze random errors.
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R = R0(1 + ฮฑ(t - 20))
- The resistance (R) of a copper wire is calculated using a formula that relates it to the resistance at 20ยฐC (R0), the coefficient of resistance (ฮฑ), and the temperature (t).
- R0 is given as 6ฮฉ with an uncertainty of ยฑ0.3%.
- To determine the uncertainty in R, the uncertainties in R0, ฮฑ, and t must be determined and propagated through the equation using partial derivatives.
- The overall uncertainty in R combines the individual uncertainties from each variable according to the propagation of uncertainty formula.
Error analysis
Measurement involves uncertainty from errors and imprecision. An error is the difference between measured and expected values, while uncertainty summarizes the error. Random errors arise from unpredictable fluctuations, and systematic errors are reproducible biases. Accuracy refers to closeness to the true value, while precision reflects consistency of measurements. Uncertainty is quantified from instrument resolution, repeated measurements, or comparison to a standard value. It is calculated and reported with the measurement result.
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Errors and uncertainty
All physical measurements have an associated uncertainty that reflects errors involved. There are two types of errors - random errors which are out of the measurer's control and can be reduced through repeat readings, and systematic errors from instruments which can be reduced through calibration. The uncertainty is the smallest division on the instrument for systematic errors, and for random errors it can be determined from the range of repeat readings.
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1) The document discusses various concepts related to measurement principles including accuracy, precision, resolution, sensitivity and error.
2) It describes different types of errors like gross error, systematic error and random error. Systematic error includes instrumental, environmental and observational errors.
3) Accuracy refers to the closeness of a measurement to the true value. Precision refers to the consistency of repeated measurements. Accuracy and precision are related but distinct measures of measurement quality.
Accuracy precision - resolution
1. Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the actual value, while precision describes the consistency of repeated measurements.
2. Measurement uncertainty comes from systematic errors in instruments and random errors from noise. Total uncertainty is calculated by combining the uncertainties.
3. Improving precision involves averaging measurements to reduce noise, but this may reduce bandwidth. Resolution is the smallest distinguishable difference in values.
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This document provides an overview of electronic measurements and instrumentation. It discusses key topics like electronics, measurement processes, instruments, transducers, and performance characteristics of measuring systems. The performance characteristics include static characteristics like accuracy, precision, resolution, and dynamic characteristics like speed of response, fidelity, and lag. Common types of errors in measurement like gross errors, systematic errors and random errors are explained. Statistical analysis methods for random errors are described. Finally, the document discusses the basic meter movement in permanent magnetic moving coil instruments and the D'Arsonval galvanometer mechanism.
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The document discusses electronic measurements and instrumentation. It begins by defining electronics, measurement processes, and key terms like measurand, instrumentation, and measuring instruments. It then describes electronic measurements and various measurement methods. Instruments are classified based on their application and advantages of instrumentation systems are outlined. The document also discusses performance characteristics of instruments like accuracy, precision, resolution, and error. It describes static characteristics obtained through calibration and dynamic characteristics. Finally, it covers sources of errors in measurements and statistical analysis methods to analyze random errors.
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R = R0(1 + ฮฑ(t - 20))
- The resistance (R) of a copper wire is calculated using a formula that relates it to the resistance at 20ยฐC (R0), the coefficient of resistance (ฮฑ), and the temperature (t).
- R0 is given as 6ฮฉ with an uncertainty of ยฑ0.3%.
- To determine the uncertainty in R, the uncertainties in R0, ฮฑ, and t must be determined and propagated through the equation using partial derivatives.
- The overall uncertainty in R combines the individual uncertainties from each variable according to the propagation of uncertainty formula.
Error analysis
Measurement involves uncertainty from errors and imprecision. An error is the difference between measured and expected values, while uncertainty summarizes the error. Random errors arise from unpredictable fluctuations, and systematic errors are reproducible biases. Accuracy refers to closeness to the true value, while precision reflects consistency of measurements. Uncertainty is quantified from instrument resolution, repeated measurements, or comparison to a standard value. It is calculated and reported with the measurement result.
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(๐๐๐ ๐๐๐) (๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ง ๐)-๐๐ซ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฌ
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๐๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ ๐จ๐ ๐๐ง ๐๐ง๐ญ๐ซ๐๐ฉ๐ซ๐๐ง๐๐ฎ๐ซ:
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Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
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