EQ RESISTANCE

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The document discusses the earthquake resistance of load bearing masonry structures. It notes that traditionally built masonry structures are vulnerable during earthquakes due to lack of structural integrity and proper connections between building components. Specifically, it highlights issues like inadequate wall anchorage, instability of slender walls, separation of wall wythes, and collapse of walls supporting roof structures. The document provides suggestions for improving earthquake resistance, such as introducing horizontal bands, use of ring beams, improving wall robustness. It emphasizes the importance of overall building shape and size, and proper distribution of mass and lateral loads.

Education

EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE OF LOAD
BEARING STRUCTURES

2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 5:
Earthquake Load on Simple
6/15

2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 5:
Earthquake Load on Simple
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2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 5:
Earthquake Load on Simple
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2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 5:
Earthquake Load on Simple
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2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 5:
Earthquake Load on Simple
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2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 5:
Earthquake Load on Simple
11/15

2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 6: Seismic
Design Philosophy & Code
13/16

2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 10: Earthen
& Stone Wall Building
14/23

2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 10: Earthen
& Stone Wall Building
15/23

Non-engineered constructions… mere death traps

2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 10: Earthen
& Stone Wall Building
18/23
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Concept : Lecture 10: Earthen
& Stone Wall Building
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64 x 23x23/400 = 84.64 cm.

2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 10: Earthen
& Stone Wall Building
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2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 10: Earthen
& Stone Wall Building
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8 x 30 = 240 cm

2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 10: Earthen
& Stone Wall Building
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2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 10: Earthen
& Stone Wall Building
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2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 10: Earthen
& Stone Wall Building
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two courses of burnt brick instead of adobe for
resting of roof structure

2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
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2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
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2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
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2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
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Damage due to inadequate
connection between the wall

2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
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Mangalore tiles roof with out gable bend (BHUJ)

2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
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Thick wall with small size rubble
& no THROUGH _ STONE
Splitting of walls

2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
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Lack of Structural Integrity….
Lack of proper connections capable of withstanding
compression and tension forces between various building
components

2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
36/30
Out-of-plane Wall Weaknesses…..
Out-of-plane failures …………..
•Due to inadequate wall-diaphragm anchorage & instability of
slender walls
• Dynamic instability of long unsupported walls such as gable end
walls.
Separation of WythesGable & Cross Walls

2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
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• Loss of support for roof trusses and joists
Collapse of wall supporting roof structure

2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
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2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
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2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
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Bearing Masonry Buildings
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2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
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2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
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2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
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•make slender piers undergo bending
instead of rocking
•resist horizontal E.Q. forces
•Delay X cracking
•Protect wall from sliding and collapsing

2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
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2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
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2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
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2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
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2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
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2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
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2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
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2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
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BHUJ EARTH QUAKE

2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
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•overall shape and size of
building
•distribution of mass and
horizontal lateral load

2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
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2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
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(L,T,E,Y shapes)

2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
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2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
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2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
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conclude...

2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
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2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
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2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design
Concept : Lecture 11: Load
Bearing Masonry Buildings
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NPEEE- VERNACULARR STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
LEARNING EARTHQUAKE DESIGN AND STRUCTURE
- C.V.R MURTHY, IIT KANPUR.
BIBILOGRAPHY-
GROUP MEMBERS-
AKANKSHA BALPANDE 1205
GEETA GUJARATHI 1220
SHREYA MAHAJAN 1235
POONAM WADKAR 1267

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Post lintel structure

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Taipei 101 is a 508-meter tall skyscraper in Taipei, Taiwan. It was the tallest building in the world from 2004 to 2010. The tower has 101 floors above ground and 5 floors underground. It was designed to withstand typhoons and earthquakes common in the area. The building uses a tube-in-tube structural system with a reinforced concrete core and steel perimeter columns. Outrigger trusses connect the core columns to the perimeter columns every eight floors to provide increased stability and resistance to strong winds.

Tube structures

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High-Rise Iconic Buildings

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The document provides details on 4 proposed or constructed high-rise buildings - the Namasté Tower in Mumbai, India, the Pearl River Tower in Guangzhou, China, the Taipei Performing Arts Center in Taipei, Taiwan, and the Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong. Key information included on each building is the location, architect, details on sustainable design elements and energy efficiency strategies, as well as conceptual descriptions and images.

Highrise structure

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This document summarizes different types of high-rise structures and provides case studies. It discusses braced frame structures, rigid frame structures, and infilled frame structures. Braced frames use diagonal bracing like X, K, or knee bracing to provide rigidity. Rigid frames have columns and girders joined together. Infilled frames use infill walls to stiffen and strengthen the structure. Case studies include the Central Plaza in Malaysia and Century Tower in Japan, which use K and knee bracing, and the Petronas Towers, which are a rigid frame structure.

Type of high rise building

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The document discusses different types of high-rise buildings. It defines high-rises and provides reasons for their increasing demand, including scarcity of land and desire for aesthetics. It describes various structural loads high-rises must withstand and common construction materials used. It also lists top 10 high-rise buildings worldwide and examples in Pakistan. Finally, it outlines different high-rise structural systems such as braced frames, shear walls, tube structures, and their advantages.

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lottecon_SR_eng_full_2016

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LOTTE E&C has been publishing sustainability reports annually since 2013 to disclose its sustainable management activities and performance. This report covers the company's 231 domestic sites and major overseas sites, and describes strategies, goals and performance for six key areas of sustainability over the past three years. The report was prepared according to GRI guidelines and includes independent third-party assurance of reporting quality and reliability.

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Report on High Rise buildings.

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This document provides information about the core of a high-rise building. It defines a core as a vertical space used for circulation and services like elevators, staircases, and mechanical systems. Cores allow efficient distribution of these services to floors. The document discusses different core types and considerations for placement of mechanical and plumbing systems, as well as toilet access. Elevator types, sizes, and fire safety standards are also outlined.

Load bearing elements part5

College of North West London

This document discusses load bearing walls and their functions. Load bearing walls have two primary functions: to support suspended floors and roofs. Load is transferred from floors through wall plates and laterally through the brickwork or blocks that make up the walls. Bricks and blocks are the most common materials used for external load bearing walls in domestic construction. Mortar is used to bind the bricks and blocks together and must provide adequate bond strength and resistance to water penetration. There are several methods for building over window and door openings in load bearing walls, including arches, lintels, and catnic lintels, which are commonly used today.

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High Rise Building Structure Systems Types

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This two-day course is for engineers, scientists, and others interested in developing custom engineering system models. Principles and practices are established for creating integrated models using Excel and its built-in programming environment, Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). Real-world techniques and tips not found in any other course, book, or other resource are revealed. Step-bystep implementation, instructor-led interactive examples, and integrated participant exercises solidify the concepts introduced. Application examples are demonstrated from the instructor’s experience in unmanned underwater vehicles, LEO spacecraft, cryogenic propulsion systems, aerospace & military power systems, avionics thermal management, and other projects.

LOAD BEARING WALL

wan izzati

The document discusses load bearing walls and their characteristics. It defines load bearing walls as walls that support the weight of structural components of a building, like trusses. It lists different types of load bearing walls, including those made of cement, solid concrete blocks, and as fire barriers. It describes the functional requirements of load bearing walls like resisting damp penetration, providing thermal insulation and strength. It contrasts load bearing walls with non-load bearing walls and discusses defects that can occur in load bearing walls.

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The document outlines a tutorial on handling concept drift in machine learning. It discusses the challenges of concept drift when applying supervised learning algorithms to streaming data where the underlying data distribution changes over time. The tutorial aims to provide an integrated view of adaptive learning methods and how they can handle concept drift. It covers topics such as the problem of concept drift, techniques for handling drift, evaluating adaptive learning approaches, and applications that experience concept drift.

Portal and Cantilever Beam Method

misschand

This document discusses approximate analysis methods for building frames subjected to both vertical and horizontal loads. For vertical loads, assumptions are made that points of zero moment occur at fixed distances from beam supports, reducing each beam to determinacy. The portal method is described for horizontal loads, assuming points of zero moment at midpoints and distributing shear between columns. Example problems demonstrate solving for member forces. The cantilever method also assumes midpoints of zero moment but distributes axial stress in columns by their distance from the storey's centroid.

Resistance of building against earthquake

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The document discusses rigid frame systems used in high-rise buildings. It provides a history of rigid frames, an introduction to what they are, and examples of their applications. It describes the material properties and connections used. It discusses considerations for rigid frame design like behavior under lateral loads. It notes advantages like architectural freedom but also disadvantages like increased drift. It concludes with a case study on using hybrid rigid/semi-rigid frames to improve seismic performance.

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The document provides a design example for a reinforced concrete retaining wall with the following conditions: 1. The wall must retain a backfill with a unit weight of 100 pcf and a surcharge of 400 psf. 2. The wall stem is designed as a vertical cantilever beam to resist lateral earth pressures. 3. The base thickness is selected as 16 inches and the stem thickness as 15 inches with #8 reinforcing bars at 6 inches. 4. The heel width is selected as 7.5 feet to prevent sliding failure based on resisting and driving forces.

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The document discusses load bearing construction and materials. It begins by explaining that load bearing masonry is one of the oldest construction techniques, using stacked stones or bricks as load-bearing walls. It then discusses limitations like poor earthquake performance. Different materials used for load bearing walls are described like stone, brick, and concrete masonry units. Foundation types, evolution of construction techniques, and retrofitting of existing load bearing structures are also summarized.

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This document discusses failures in masonry structures and provides details on planning considerations, construction aspects, and seismic resistance of unreinforced masonry (URM) structures. It covers topics such as types of masonry materials, connections needed between building elements like roofs, walls and floors, and the effects of different types of loading on URM structures. Construction aspects that can improve seismic resistance are also outlined, such as integrating box action of walls and including reinforcement at wall corners and openings.

stress ribbon bridge by kaiser malik

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This document discusses stress ribbon bridges. It provides an introduction to stress ribbon bridges, describing them as slender concrete deck segments placed on bearing cables shaped like a catenary curve. It explains their construction, comparing them to simple suspension bridges. Advantages include being economical, aesthetic, environmentally friendly structures that require little material and can be erected without falsework. Stress ribbon bridges transfer loads via tension in the thin, precast concrete deck between cable-anchored abutments.

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The document summarizes the response spectrum method of analysis for evaluating seismic design forces on structures. It discusses that the method converts a dynamic analysis into a partial dynamic and partial static analysis. Key steps include performing a modal analysis to obtain mode shapes and frequencies, using the acceleration response spectrum to derive equivalent static loads for each vibration mode, and combining modal responses using various rules to obtain the total maximum structural response. The method provides an approximate but effective technique for seismic analysis of structures.

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This document discusses response analysis for structures subjected to specified ground motions. It begins by introducing time history analysis and the different methods that can be used, including direct integration and Fourier transform techniques. It then reviews concepts for modeling single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) and multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) systems subjected to ground motions. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to derive the mass, stiffness and forcing vectors/matrices for different structural models. Methods for specifying multi-support excitation and deriving transformation matrices (r-matrices) relating responses at different supports are also described through examples.

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This document outlines the topics covered in a graduation project on the behavior and design of masonry structures. It discusses the historical background of masonry construction, properties of masonry materials, common building units used, reinforcement, and loads. Design considerations are presented for masonry beams, shear walls, flexural behavior under various loads, and partially reinforced walls. The project provides information needed to research and design reinforced masonry structures.

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This document provides an overview of different seismic analysis methods for reinforced concrete buildings according to Indian code IS 1893-2002, including linear static, nonlinear static, linear dynamic, and nonlinear dynamic analysis. It describes the basic procedures for each analysis type and provides examples of how to calculate design seismic base shear, distribute seismic forces vertically and horizontally, and determine drift and overturning effects. Case studies are presented comparing the results of static and dynamic analysis for regular and irregular multi-storey buildings modeled in SAP2000.

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The document discusses stress ribbon bridges, which are a type of suspension bridge where cables are embedded in the deck below the walking surface. Stress ribbon bridges follow a catenary profile and transmit loads via tension in the sagging deck to anchored abutments. The document outlines the history, form, construction techniques, applications, advantages, and recent advances of stress ribbon bridges. Stress ribbon bridges are economically efficient, aesthetically pleasing, require minimal maintenance, and can be erected without falsework.

Indian Standard

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This document provides guidelines for earthquake resistant design and construction of buildings. It describes different types of construction such as framed construction using vertical load frames or moment resistant frames with shear walls. It also describes box type construction using masonry, concrete or reinforced concrete walls. For masonry construction, it provides details on materials, mortar, wall thickness, openings, and seismic strengthening arrangements. It also covers floors/roofs using precast components, timber construction methods, and reinforcement details.

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This document provides an overview of confined masonry construction. It defines confined masonry as consisting of masonry walls with horizontal and vertical reinforced concrete confining elements. The objectives are to understand key concepts of confined masonry, compare it to other construction types, understand its seismic performance based on past earthquakes, and learn general planning and design guidelines. Confined masonry has shown satisfactory seismic performance globally and is presented as an appropriate construction type for Nepal due to utilizing local materials and skills while improving earthquake resistance over other common methods.

Earthquake resistant low rise building

Rakesh Samaddar

Earthquakeresistantlowrisebuilding 140428000944-phpapp02

Sumit Modi

The document discusses various techniques for making earthquake-resistant buildings, including: 1) Bearing wall systems that provide vertical support and lateral resistance through structural walls. 2) Frame systems that use diagonal braces or shear walls to provide lateral rigidity. 3) Moment-resisting frame systems that use rigid beam-column connections to resist lateral forces. 4) Dual systems that combine moment frames and walls/braces to resist both vertical and lateral loads. 5) Cantilever column systems. The document also discusses earthquake building codes in Japan and case studies like Shigeru Ban's paper tube schools.

Analysisanddesignofamulti storeyreinforcedconcrete-120923065657-phpapp01

ARUNTHEGEOTECH

This document provides an analysis and design summary of a 12-story residential building in Basti, India. It includes summaries of the structural elements designed - flat slab, columns, shear walls, and pile foundations. The flat slab and columns were designed for bending moments and shear forces. Rectangular columns were designed with longitudinal and transverse reinforcement. Shear walls were designed to resist wind loads. Pile foundations were selected due to weak soil, with friction piles penetrating 18 meters designed to support column loads.

Seismic retrofitting techniques

ghildiyal8811

This document summarizes techniques for seismic retrofitting of existing structures. It defines seismic retrofitting as modifying structures to make them more resistant to earthquakes. Common retrofitting techniques discussed include adding new shear walls, steel bracing, jacketing columns and beams, using innovative materials like fiber reinforced polymers, base isolation using elastomeric bearings or sliding systems, and installing seismic dampers. The document also discusses retrofitting performance objectives, codes and guidelines, and provides examples of retrofitted structures.

Bcon report

Benjamin Tan

This document provides details of a student project to design and build a temporary bus shelter. It includes sections on design inspiration and concept, precedent studies, load distribution, weather resistance, accessibility, load testing, components, materials, joints and connections, construction process, final design, and conclusions. The design of the shelter was inspired by the posture of a flying bird and consists of interconnecting tetrahedrons and a cuboid structure.

Design Appraisal report

Conor Meaney

This design appraisal report summarizes two structural schemes for the floor plates of Tower 1, a proposed 25-story residential building in Cork, Ireland. Scheme 1 uses a composite steel and concrete construction with deep beams. Scheme 2 uses reinforced concrete flat slabs with shallower construction. Both schemes are found to be viable options, with Scheme 1 offering faster construction but deeper floors, while Scheme 2 has easier services installation but requires propping during construction. Preliminary structural element sizing and calculations in the appendices support the designs' ability to stabilize the tall building against lateral loads.

02 tsl from tender until rfc by pablo arecco

Delft Infrastructures & Mobility Initiative

This document summarizes the design process for the Third Set of Locks project in Panama. It describes the engineering teams involved in the design from 2008-2012. Key aspects of the design included numerical and physical models to simulate the lock chambers, modeling different components in software like Abaqus, and developing seismic criteria for lock structures. The design optimized the concrete and rebar quantities compared to the initial tender. Over 300 engineers from multiple firms worked on the design which included over 9,500 drawings and review of tens of thousands of shop drawings. The effort represented a major international engineering accomplishment.

Ct final

Man Yee

This document discusses modular precast retaining walls. It begins with an introduction to retaining walls, their key design considerations and types of concrete retaining walls. It then focuses on modular precast walls, describing their applications, types, and joint designs. The document also outlines the manufacturing process and advantages/disadvantages of modular precast walls. Several case studies are referenced to illustrate real-world examples.

POST SLAB PRESENTATION FOR LEARNING BASIC STRUCTURAL SYSTEM OF A BUILDING.

MeherajHussain

POST SLAB PRESENTATION FOR LEARNING BASIC STRUCTURAL SYSTEM OF A BUILDING.

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Floor and slab system design and construction

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Db exercises

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This document provides a series of exercises for using Designbuilder simulation software. The exercises include: creating a simple rectangular building; using tools like drag face, cutting, and extrusion to modify building geometry; adding dormers, windows and complex roof shapes; setting ground adjacencies with component blocks; adding unconditioned spaces and shading; assigning activities and zoning; and defining constructions and openings. The exercises are intended to familiarize users with Designbuilder's modeling capabilities.

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Rooted in Place : Designing a flexible masterplan for resilient Grangetown

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The document discusses gentrification in Grangetown, Cardiff and proposes anti-gentrification measures. It begins with an introduction that defines gentrification and identifies three types occurring in Grangetown: new-build, retail, and environmental. To address the root causes, the document traces back the steps that led to gentrification. The overall proposal is to create strategic corridors throughout Grangetown that embed anti-gentrification strategies. These include public policies around developer competitions, an empty homes policy, and subsidies. The corridors aim to physically and strategically link all parts of Grangetown to strengthen resiliency through a combined effort across various topics. The corridors are split into three phases to space out

Urban Inclusion : Designing Participation

Shreya Mahajan

This report considers the notion of ‘urban inclusion,’ focussing particularly on the potential for inclusion through the participation or meaningful involvement of local people in decisions related to transformation within their neighbourhoods and/or wider districts. The aim is to design a strategy for community involvement relating to the development of an area that forms part of the larger site developed between 2006 and 2012 for London’s Olympic Games. Our small site, known as Rick Roberts Way, lies within the London Borough of Newham, along the eastern edge of the Lea Valley and to the south of the main Olympic Park. Developing the strategy will involve engaging with theory relating to inclusion and participation, and with debates relating to participatory practice in plans for urban change in London and elsewhere and specific techniques for promoting participation in urban design.

The Rise of the Creative Class : the case of Bankside Powerstation, London

Shreya Mahajan

This case study is drawn upon and compared with respect to the book "The Rise of the Creative Class" by Richard Florida. It questions the conventional limits of regeneration and highlights the range of approaches, especially in relation to social and economical factors, and the fact that different policies evoke, or construct, various ‘publics’, ‘visitors’ and ‘audiences’. The question of how did the creative class rise is given an extra twist when the discussion is about Bankside Powerstation (now a museum known as Tate Modern). To this end we identify the manifest tensions between the setup of this museum and the potential to undermine its core purpose. I suggest upon a literature of Jehangir Art Gallery in Mumbai to provide contrasting context with similar notions of inclusion since such analyses sensitize the debate regarding regeneration and will illustrate these issues by reference to Tate Modern in London.

PREVI HOUSING

Shreya Mahajan

This document summarizes the Experimental Housing Project (PREVI) built in Lima, Peru between 1969-1973. The project comprised 1500 row houses on 40 hectares of land for low-income families. It used an open design approach with 24 different house designs and construction methods. The goal was to regulate the uncontrolled urban growth. The flexible and adaptable housing units allowed residents to modify and expand their homes over time. PREVI became a dense but diverse community where residents from different social classes chose to stay. It served as a model for integrating top-down planning with informal growth.

PATRICK GEDDES

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Patrick Geddes was a pioneering Scottish biologist, sociologist, and town planner from the late 19th/early 20th century. He is considered ahead of his time for being one of the first to study the sociological development of cities and advocate for more holistic, evidence-based urban planning that considers environmental, social, and economic factors. Some of his innovations included reducing paved streets and converting land to open space, increasing gardens and playgrounds, and respecting local traditions and agricultural processes. He promoted the diagnostic survey of existing urban conditions before redesigning cities and neighborhoods to meet local needs. Geddes' ideas emphasized the inseparability of environment, place and people, and focused planning initially on improving home and

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The document describes a public housing development called CIDCO Housing in Belapur, Navi Mumbai built between 1985-1996. It consisted of over 1000 apartment units ranging in size from 20-100 square meters organized into clusters. The development aimed to create public, semi-public, and private spaces through its site planning and layout. It featured amenities like schools, shops, and open courtyards but lacked some facilities like markets, hospitals, and parking. Both positive and negative feedback is provided from current and past residents regarding aspects like leakage issues, security concerns, and lack of nearby amenities.

BROADACRE BY F.L. WRIGHT

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Frank Lloyd Wright proposed Broadacre City, a decentralized urban concept, in the 1930s. It envisioned communities of single-family homes on one-acre plots connected by roads and public transport, with commercial areas integrated throughout. Wright believed this model would dissolve social failures by designing a better city structured around individual freedom and enabled by new technologies like cars. While never fully realized, aspects of Broadacre City can be seen in subsequent mid-20th century suburban development patterns in the United States.

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EQ RESISTANCE

1. EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE OF LOAD BEARING STRUCTURES

6. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 5: Earthquake Load on Simple 6/15

7. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 5: Earthquake Load on Simple 7/15

8. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 5: Earthquake Load on Simple 8/15

9. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 5: Earthquake Load on Simple 9/15

10. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 5: Earthquake Load on Simple 10/15

11. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 5: Earthquake Load on Simple 11/15

12.

13. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 6: Seismic Design Philosophy & Code 13/16

14. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 10: Earthen & Stone Wall Building 14/23

15. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 10: Earthen & Stone Wall Building 15/23

16. Non-engineered constructions… mere death traps

17.

18. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 10: Earthen & Stone Wall Building 18/23 1 2 3 5 4 6 7 8 9 10

19.

20. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 10: Earthen & Stone Wall Building 20/23 64 x 23x23/400 = 84.64 cm.

21.

22. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 10: Earthen & Stone Wall Building 22/23

23.

24. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 10: Earthen & Stone Wall Building 24/23 8 x 30 = 240 cm

25. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 10: Earthen & Stone Wall Building 25/23

26. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 10: Earthen & Stone Wall Building 26/23

27. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 10: Earthen & Stone Wall Building 27/23 two courses of burnt brick instead of adobe for resting of roof structure

28.

29. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 29/30

30. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 30/30

31. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 31/30

32. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 32/30 Damage due to inadequate connection between the wall

33. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 33/30 Mangalore tiles roof with out gable bend (BHUJ)

34. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 34/30 Thick wall with small size rubble & no THROUGH _ STONE Splitting of walls

35. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 35/30 Lack of Structural Integrity…. Lack of proper connections capable of withstanding compression and tension forces between various building components

36. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 36/30 Out-of-plane Wall Weaknesses….. Out-of-plane failures ………….. •Due to inadequate wall-diaphragm anchorage & instability of slender walls • Dynamic instability of long unsupported walls such as gable end walls. Separation of WythesGable & Cross Walls

37. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 37/30 • Loss of support for roof trusses and joists Collapse of wall supporting roof structure

38. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 38/30

39. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 39/30

40. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 40/30

41. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 41/30

42. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 42/30

43.

44. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 44/30 •make slender piers undergo bending instead of rocking •resist horizontal E.Q. forces •Delay X cracking •Protect wall from sliding and collapsing

45. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 45/30

46. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 46/30

47. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 47/30

48. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 48/30

49. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 49/30

50. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 50/30

51. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 51/30

52. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 52/30 BHUJ EARTH QUAKE

53.

54. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 54/30 2 3 4 1 5 6 •overall shape and size of building •distribution of mass and horizontal lateral load

55. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 55/30

56. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 56/30 (L,T,E,Y shapes)

57. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 57/30

58. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 58/30

59. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 59/30 conclude...

60. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 60/30

61. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 61/30

62. 2005 NPEEE Earthquake Design Concept : Lecture 11: Load Bearing Masonry Buildings 62/30

63. NPEEE- VERNACULARR STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS LEARNING EARTHQUAKE DESIGN AND STRUCTURE - C.V.R MURTHY, IIT KANPUR. BIBILOGRAPHY- GROUP MEMBERS- AKANKSHA BALPANDE 1205 GEETA GUJARATHI 1220 SHREYA MAHAJAN 1235 POONAM WADKAR 1267

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