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Presentation-2_Earthquake Resistant Construction of Building_Dr. Chaitnya Sanghvi.pdf
1. by
Professor
APPLIED MECHANICS DEPARTMENT
L D COLLEGE of ENGINEERING
Ahmedabad
Earthquake Resistant Design &
Construction
(Gujarat Institute of Disaster Management)
(28-07-2020)
2. .
Earthquake Engineering Practice
Concept of Earthquake Resistant Design of RC
structures
Actual Construction Practice
Construction practice - Beam, column, foundation,
walls and roofs
Geotechnical considerations
3. – Earthquakes do not kill,
unsafe buildings do
– Earthquake is a manmade disaster
– Solution lies in “buildings” & not in
“earthquakes”
Challenge : Understanding
8. Structural Design
• Life of Structures
• Loads acting on civil engineering structures
Design Loads
• Dead Load
• Live Load
• Wind Load
• Earthquake Load
• Many other types of loads
9. Structural Design
• Design for Gravity Loads : (DL+LL)
1. Permanent load
2. Factor of Safety
3. No damage
• Design for Lateral Load: (Wind + EQ)
Lateral forces create discomfort to structures
1. Wind Force – frequent - No damage
2. EQ Force - ??? (Max effective time 2 minutes)
10. Dead Load + Live Load +Wind or EQ Load
DL + LL + WL or EQ
Earthquake Force
F = mass x acceleration
= ma
Wind Force
F = Intensity of wind x Area of Obstruction
15. During an earthquake, lighter the building and the
roof, the better is the performance of the house.
Lighter roof would not induce as much load on the
walls, and the walls would be able to transfer the
loads easily during an earthquake.
On the other hand, during a cyclone, heavier the
roof, the better is the performance of the house. It
would resist strong loads due to the wind pressure,
hold itself and the house in place.
16. Cyclone Resistant Design
• No damage allowed
Earthquake Resistant Design
• Damages allowed but no collapse
• We heavily rely on ductility
17. IS 13920 – 2016 – Ductile Design & Detailing
of RC Structures subjected to Seismic Forces
– Code of Practice
Ductility is defined as
the ability of a
structure to undergo
inelastic deformations
beyond the initial yield
deformation without
decrease in strength &
stiffness
19. Advantages of Ductility
1. Absorbs lots of energy, therefore good performance
during
• load reversals,
• Impact
• secondary stresses due to differential settlement
of foundation.
2. Enough warning by showing large deformation
before failure - loss of life is minimized
3. Yielding of steel reinforcement - assumptions in the
design of reinforced concrete structures by limit
state method.
20. WHY IS DUCTILTY REQUIRED?
TO PREVENT BRITTLE FAILURES.
• SHEAR FAILURE
• BOND FAILURE
• COMPRESSION FAILURES (OVER REINFORCED
SECTIONS)
56. The solid building tilted as a rigid body and the raft foundation
rises above the ground. The building itself suffered only relatively
minor damage.
57. This tank is also
tilted due to the
liquefaction of
the sandy
artificial landfill.
58. Mitigating Liquefaction
• Foundation on bed rock
• Vibro-floatation
• Soil with stabilizing materials
• Provision of drainage to release pore
pressure
59. Factors for Good Seismic Performance
• Architectural configuration
• Simple and regular configuration
• Structural design
• Adequate lateral strength
• Adequate stiffness
• Adequate ductility
• Integral Action
• Non-structural elements
• Quality of construction
60. CONCLUSION
For safety in future earthquakes, all provisions
of the codes should be followed in design &
construction. This should be a mandatory
provision in the Building Bylaws.
