The document discusses how to report speech or indirect speech in English. It provides examples of how to change verb tenses when reporting speech such as changing present simple to past simple. It also discusses how to report questions, commands, requests, suggestions and expressions like "say" and "tell". Key changes include replacing pronouns like "this" with "that" and changing verbs like "will" to "would" when reporting speech.

1. REPORTED SPEECH /
INDIRECT SPEECH –
netiesioginė kalba

2. He says, “I like tea”.
He says (that) he likes tea.
BUT
He said, “I like tea”.
He said (that) he liked tea.
Viename sakinyje negalima naudoti
skirtingų laikų!

3. He said, “Cats drink milk.”
He said (that) cats drink (drank) milk.
Galima nekeisti veiksmažodžio laiko,
kai kalbama apie pastovią tiesą.

4. Present Simple → Past Simple
live → lived
Present Continuous → Past
Continuous
am/is/are living → was/were living

5. Present Perfect Simple → Past
Perfect Simple
have/has lived → had lived
Present Perfect Continuous → Past
Perfect Continuous
have/has been living → had been living

6. Past Simple → Past Perfect Simple
lived → had lived
Past Continuous → Past Perfect
Continuous
was/were living → had been living
Past Perfect Simple ir Past Perfect
Continuous nesikeičia į nieką...

7. Conditionals 2, 3 tipas nesikeičia...
Will → would
May → might
Can → could/would be able to (future)
Shall → should
Must → had to (bet jei “must” reiškia
logišką išvadą)
Needn’t → needn’t/didn’t need to/didn’t
have to

8. this →that
today →that day
yesterday →the day before
the day before yesterday →two days before
tomorrow →the next day/the following day
the day after tomorrow →in two days’ time
next week/year, etc. →the following week/year
last week/year, etc. →the previous week/year
a year ago, etc. → a year before/the previous
year
now →at that time/then
here →there

9. Expressions:
SAY:
Hello; good morning, afternoon, evening;
something/nothing; one’s prayers
(melstis); a few words; no more; so, etc.
TELL:
The truth; a lie; a story; the time; the
difference; somebody one’s name;
somebody the way; one’s fortune (ateitį);
one from another (atskirti vieną nuo kito),
etc.

10. Tom said, “I need some help.”
Say (said) – kai nesakome KAM
Arba Tom said to me, “I need some
help.”
Tom told me, “I need some help.”
Tell (told) – kai sakome KAM

11. Klausimai sudaromi pagal tą pačią
taisyklę, tik yra 2 skirtumai:
1) Jei klausimas buvo sudarytas žodžius
sukeičiant vietom, jie dabar grįžta į
savo vietą,
e. g. “Have you got a sister?”, he said.
He asked IF / WHETHER I had got a
sister.
Kai reikia žodžio AR, naudojame IF arba
WHETHER.

12. 2) Jei klausimas sudarytas su
do/does/did, šie žodžiai dingsta, o
vietoj jų atsiranda IF / WHETHER –
AR
e. g. “Do you like tea?”, he said.
He asked IF I liked tea.
“Did you like tea?”, he said.
He asked IF I had liked tea.

13. Klausiamieji žodžiai:
Ask, enquire (pasiteirauti), wonder, want to
know

14. e. g. “Open the door, please” said he.
He asked to open the door.
“Don’t shout, Tim” warned she.
She warned not to shout.

15. Indirect question:
POLITE QUESTIONS
Do you know where the train station is?
I’d like to know when the flight to Tokyo is.

16. “Open the door, please” said Tim.
Tim asked to open the door.
“Let’s go outside” said he.
He suggested going outside.
“Don’t shout, Ted” he said.
He told Ted not to shout.

17. Promise + to/promise that (e. g. I
promised to go; I promised that I would
go.)
Refuse + to (e. g. I refused to go.)
Advise/ask + sb + to (e. g. He advised me
to take an aspirin.)
Apologize for + ing (e. g. I apologized for
lying.)
Suggest + ing (e .g. I suggested going for a
picnic.)