The document discusses reported speech, which is used to report what someone else said indirectly rather than using their exact words. In reported speech, verb tenses and pronouns are changed depending on whether the original statement was past, present, or future. For example, "He said 'I work in a bank'" would become "He said that he worked in a bank." The document provides examples of how to change direct speech into reported speech depending on the tense.

1. REPORTED SPEECH
BY BHAKTI GAUNKER

2. REPORTED SPEECH
(DIRECT TO INDIRECT SPEECH)
 Direct Speech: the message of the speaker is
conveyed or reported in his/her own actual words
without any change.
 When we use direct speech in writing, we place
the spoken words between quotation marks (“ ---”).
 Indirect Speech: is used to talk about past. The
tense usually changes.
 Example: He said: “I work in a bank.”
 He said thathe worked in a bank.

3. Form of
sentences
Reporting verb conjunctio
n
1. Statement said, told
answered
that
2. Question Asked, inquired Whether /
if
3. Command and
Request
Told , requested, ordered
4. Wishes and
Exclaimation
Exclaimed ,Expressed,
Praised, Wished .
that
GENERAL RULES
SINGULAR PLURAL
1 I/You - He/ she You / we They/ them
2 Me - Him / her us Them
3 My/ mine / your his / her Our/ your their

5.  Change of Tenses
A) PRESENT Tense
1) PRESENT SIMPLE changes into PAST SIMPLE
 She said, “I work in a hospital”.
 She said that she worked in a hospital.
 They said, “We play Football”.
 They said that they played Football.
2) PRESENT PROGRESSIVE changes into PAST PROGESSIVE
 He said, “I am waiting for someone”.
 He said that he was waiting for someone.
 I said, “She is driving a car”.
 I said that she was driving a car.
3) PRESENT PERFECT changes into PAST PERFECT
 She said, “ I have completed the work”
 She said that she had completed the work.
 John said, “I have won a prize”.
 John said that he had won a prize.

6. B) PAST TENSE
1) PAST SIMPLE changes into PAST PERFECT
 He said, “I started a Job”.
 He said that he had started a job.
 She said, “I bought a new car”.
 She said that she had bought a new car.
2) PAST PROGRESSIVE changes into PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
 He said, “I was writing a poem”
 He said that he had been writing a poem.
 The kids said, “We were playing a game”.
 The kids said they had been playing a game.
3) PAST PERFECT changes into PAST PERFECT (No change in tense)
 They said, “We had won the game
 ” They said that they had won the game.
 He said, “I had gone to home”.
 He said that he had gone to home.

7. C) FUTURE TENSE
 FUTURE TENSE WILL changes into WOULD
 She said, “I will go to London”.
 She said that she would go to London.
 He said to me, “I will be waiting for you”.
 He said to me that he would be waiting for me.
 She said, “I will have cooked the food”.
 She said that she would have cooked the food.

8.  EX . 1
1. He said, “I love my parents”.
2. She said, “They are enjoying the music”.
3. He said, “She has washed the shirts”
4. He said to me, “You didn’t help me”
5. They said, “We were watching a movie”.
6. She said, “I had not received the letter”.
7. She said, “I will not waste time”.
8. They said, “We will not be driving a car.
9. David said, “I will have called a Doctor”.