The document summarizes the rules for using articles (a/an, the, no article) in English. It explains that: - "A/an" is used with singular countable nouns and in certain expressions like "once a week". - "The" is used to refer to specific or unique things, locations, events, titles, and other cases like rivers, mountains, instruments, organizations. - No article is used with plural or uncountable nouns, names, cities, countries, foods, sports, possessives, and other specific cases.

1. Past Perfect Simple Past Perfect Continuous
I had worked – buvau dirbęs
I had NOT worked? (Where)
Had he worked?
I had been working – buvau dirbęs
I had NOT been working?
(Where) Had he been working?
Seniausiai įvykęs veiksmas:
Rodo, kad tas veiksmas įvyko
anksčiausiai – dar prieš visus
kitus minimus veiksmus, e. g. He
had learnt (1) at school nothing,
so he was (2) now illiterate.
REZULTATAS
Seniausiai įvykęs veiksmas:
Rodo, kad tas veiksmas įvyko
anksčiausiai – dar prieš visus kitus
minimus veiksmus, e. g. He had been
reading (1) for 2 hours when I came
(2).
PROCESAS

2. Past Simple Past Continuous
1) Taisyklingi –ed: (worked...)
a) Live – lived
b) Study – studied (y+prieb.)
c) Play – played (y+balsė)
d) Stop – stopped (travelled)
2) Netaisyklingi: go-went...
I did not work
(Where) Did you go? ~ Yes, I did/No, I
didn’t
I, he, she, it was working
we, you, they were working
a) Live – living
b) Run – running (travelling)
c) Study - studying
- I was NOT working.
? Where was I working?
1) Įprastiems veiksmams praeityje e. g.
She liked reading books.
2) Kai pateikiamos konkrečios veiksmo
aplinkybės.
3) Istorijoms pasakoti; kai veiksmai vyko
vienas po kito.
I said – aš pasakiau
REZULTATAS •
1) Palaipsniui, e. g. The wind was rising.
2) Su past simple, e. g. I was having a
shower when the doorbell rang.
Maudžiausi duše –procesas,
skambutis – pertrauktas veiksmas.
3) Apibūdinti situaciją tuo metu, e. g.
The sun was shining and the birds
were singing when I was walking in
the forest.
I was saying then
PROCESAS

3. Past Perfect Simple Past Simple Present Perfect Simple
(I had run - rezultatas) (I ran – rezultatas) (I have run – rezultatas)
Past Perfect Cont. Past Cont. Present Perfect Cont.
(I had been running ) (I was running ) I have been running )
Praeitis Dabartis

4. • I used to work there (dirbdavau)
Used to – action/state
• I would study there when I was a child (mokindavausi)
Would – only action
I am used to getting up early – esu įpratęs
I got used to getting up early – aš įpratau...
• It was such a big airport that we got lost. (a/an – tik vns., skaičiuoj.)
• They were such tasty biscuits that he at all of them. Such+ daiktav.
• The village was so peaceful that I wanted to live there. So + būdv.,
prieveiksm.
• Many/a few – skaičiuojamas;
• Much/a little – neskaičiuojamas.
• The hotel was fully booked. Therefore/consequently/as a result, we
stayed at a guesthouse.

5. The indefinite article (a, an)
• A / an – skaičiuojamas, vienaskaita
• A cat, an apple.
• Naudojamas kalbant bendrai, e. g. Let‘s find a seat.
• Po to be; profesijos, e. g. She is a teacher. This is an amazing opportunity.
• Kalbant apie dažnumą, e. g. He sees a therapist once a week.
• Su Mr Mrs Miss Ms, kai kalbama apie nežinomą asmenį, e. g. A Mr Bauer
is asking for you (kažkoks ponas Bauer).
• NENAUDOJAMAS: su neskaičiuojamais, daugiskaita.

6. The definite article (the)
• Kalbant apie konkretų daiktą: e. g. the red book is on the table
• Vienintelis, unikalus daikas, e. g. the moon, the queen
• Upės (the Nile), jūros (the Dead Sea), vandenynai (the Atlantic), kalnų
grandinė (the Alps), dykuma (the Sahara), salų grupė (the Philippines), dgs.
šalis (the United Kingdom), su OF fraze (the Tower of London).
• Muzikos instrumentais (the piano), šokiais (the rumba).
• Viešbučiai (the Ritz Hotel), kino teatrai, laivai (the Black Pearl),
organizacijos (the WHO), laikraščiai (the New York Times), muziejais (the
Natural History Museum).
• Tautybės, kurios baigiasi sh (Scottish), ch (the Dutch), ese (Japanese), visa
šeima (the Smiths)
• Titulas (be vardo, pavardės) the King
• Kelintiniai skaitvardžiais the fifth
• The morning, afternoon, evening. The only, last, first.
• Aukščiausiuoju laipsniu the most disgusting
• Su station, shop, cinema, village, world.
• Istoriniai įvykiai The Renaissance. But World War II.
• Good – geras; the good - gėris

7. The nenaudojamas
• Daugiskaitoje, kai kalbama bendrai, e. g. Snakes are cold-blooded animals.
• Su vardais, pavardėmis, miestais, šalimis, gatvėmis, parkais, viršukalnėmis,
salomis, ežerais, žemynais.
• Valgiais (dinner), žaidimais, sportu (tennis)
• Su this, that, my, his...
• Kilmininko linksniu, e. g. It is John‘s
• School, church, hospital, bed, home: the school – pastatas, school –
funkcija
• Kalbomis, bet kai yra žodis „language“: the Spanish language
• Kai kuriomis ligomis, e. g. the mumps, the flu
• Home mother father – kai kalbame apie savo, e. g. Mum wants me to be
home by 6 p.m.
• Some – skaičiuojami daugiskaita; neskaičiuojami