The document summarizes key ideas from influential thinkers during the Enlightenment period such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Voltaire, and Adam Smith. It discusses their major works and how their ideas inspired new forms of government, including the U.S. Constitution, and promoted values like religious tolerance and the separation of church and state that still impact society today. Their philosophical challenges to traditional authority and applications of reason helped spark revolutions around the world.

4. Enlightenment
Unit 4, Day 4

5. Scientific Revolution
1. Scientific Revolution challenges old
ideas
2. Challenges the RCC/traditional
information
3. People begin to question the world
around them

6. 1. Enlightenment = new ideas about
government

7. 2. Applies reason to the human world

8. Inspires tolerance and revolutions
around the world

9. Philosophers:

10. Thinker: Thomas Hobbes
Book: Leviathan

11. Idea: Humans are primitive, government
protects us.
So what? Support kings with total power.
Power comes from force.

12. * Hobbes = HATE

13. Thinker: John Locke
Book: Two Treatises of Government

14. Ideas:
- People are good/ sovereign
- Governments protect natural rights (life,
liberty and property)
- No such thing as “Divine Right”

15. So What?
- Wanted limited government
- Power comes from people

16. *Locke =
LOVE

17. Thinker: Montesquieu
Book: The Spirit of Laws

18. Ideas:
• Separation of Powers
• Checks and Balances
So What?
Inspires US
Constitution

19. * Three up, Three down (M)

20. Thinker: Rousseau
Book: The Social Contract

21. Idea:
- Government is a contract between rulers
and ruled
- Violate that contract = revolution

22. So What?
- Inspired revolutions all over the world
- USA/France/Haiti

23. * Roussocial
Contract

24. Thinker: Voltaire
Book: Treatise on Toleration

25. Ideas:
• Promoted religious tolerance
• Separation of Church and State

26. So What?
Inspired U.S. Bill of Rights (1st
Amendment)

27. * V
Religion Church

28. Thinker: Adam Smith
Book: Wealth of Nations

29. Idea:
Capitalism
(Competition between
businesses)
So What?
Causes inequality

30. * $mith

31. Classwork
Complete individually and turn in to correct
tray please! :)

32. WRAP UP
How do the ideas of these 6 men still impact
government and society today?
HW: Complete Day 4 HW
Launch: Better to remain silent and be thought a fool
than to speak and to remove all doubt- Maurice
Switzer