The american government
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
1 like•1,682 views
The document discusses the origins and basic structure of the American system of government. It explains that the Declaration of Independence established America's natural rights like life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness based on Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke. The first government under the Articles of Confederation was too weak, so a new Constitution was drafted separating powers among the executive, legislative and judicial branches, establishing a federal system of government. The First Amendment protects freedoms of speech and religion based on Voltaire's ideas, and the Second Amendment addresses the right to bear arms but leaves its meaning debated.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Two more philosophers!
Baron de Montesquieu was a French Enlightenment philosopher who developed the notion of separation of powers and checks and balances, arguing that governmental power should be divided between legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Voltaire was another influential French Enlightenment philosopher who focused on civil liberties like freedom of speech and religion, writing extensively about reason, religious tolerance, separation of church and state, and free thought. Both philosophers had an influence on the development of the American system of government.
Locke and rousseau
This document compares the philosophies of John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. John Locke believed in natural rights and a social contract between government and people, where government's role was to protect rights. If government infringed on rights, people could revolt. Rousseau felt society corrupted people and government must save everyone through laws benefiting the majority. Both supported limited government getting power from the people, but early Americans favored Locke's ideas over Rousseau's potential for tyranny of the majority.
Enlightenment Thinkers
The document discusses several Enlightenment thinkers and their ideas about government:
- Thomas Hobbes believed people were naturally wicked and that a strong sovereign authority was needed to enforce laws and maintain order. He advocated for absolute power to the sovereign through a social contract.
- John Locke believed in natural rights but agreed people were brutish in the state of nature. He favored a representative government and believed the social contract was between the people and the king, allowing revolt if rights were violated.
- Montesquieu developed the theory of separation of powers that became the basis for the US Constitution. He opposed absolute monarchy and favored the English system of government.
Enlightenment Thinkers Walkaround
The document discusses several influential thinkers of the Enlightenment period including Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Adam Smith, Denis Diderot, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Mary Wollstonecraft. It provides each thinker's country of origin, their key ideas, and major works that helped spread Enlightenment philosophies such as natural rights, popular sovereignty, and equality.
The enlightnement day 2
The document discusses the differing views of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke on government. Thomas Hobbes believed that people were inherently evil and needed to be ruled by an all-powerful government, while John Locke believed that people had natural rights and that the purpose of government was to protect those rights through an agreement between the people and the government. Students are asked to discuss which view they agree with more based on the type of government they designed in a previous class. The document also provides questions about philosophers and ideas from the Enlightenment era.
APUSH Benchmark Review (Oct. 19, 2011)
Hello students -
This is the review slideshow for your test tomorrow. Use it and the handout as study tools but remember that there may be more on the exam than appears here.
Happy studying!
Mr. Kelly and Ms. Marroquín
Unit 1 baron
1. Baron de Montesquieu was a French philosopher and judge born in 1689 who studied law and science. He published his most famous work "On the Spirit of Laws" in 1748, which outlined his political theories.
2. In his work, Montesquieu believed that all things, including governments, operated according to immutable laws. He identified three types of governments - monarchies, republics, and despotisms.
3. Montesquieu argued that the best form of government was a republic elected by the people, and that power should be balanced among three branches of government, which he called the principle of "separation of powers." This idea became the basis for the United States
Recommended
Two more philosophers!
Baron de Montesquieu was a French Enlightenment philosopher who developed the notion of separation of powers and checks and balances, arguing that governmental power should be divided between legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Voltaire was another influential French Enlightenment philosopher who focused on civil liberties like freedom of speech and religion, writing extensively about reason, religious tolerance, separation of church and state, and free thought. Both philosophers had an influence on the development of the American system of government.
Locke and rousseau
This document compares the philosophies of John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. John Locke believed in natural rights and a social contract between government and people, where government's role was to protect rights. If government infringed on rights, people could revolt. Rousseau felt society corrupted people and government must save everyone through laws benefiting the majority. Both supported limited government getting power from the people, but early Americans favored Locke's ideas over Rousseau's potential for tyranny of the majority.
Enlightenment Thinkers
The document discusses several Enlightenment thinkers and their ideas about government:
- Thomas Hobbes believed people were naturally wicked and that a strong sovereign authority was needed to enforce laws and maintain order. He advocated for absolute power to the sovereign through a social contract.
- John Locke believed in natural rights but agreed people were brutish in the state of nature. He favored a representative government and believed the social contract was between the people and the king, allowing revolt if rights were violated.
- Montesquieu developed the theory of separation of powers that became the basis for the US Constitution. He opposed absolute monarchy and favored the English system of government.
Enlightenment Thinkers Walkaround
The document discusses several influential thinkers of the Enlightenment period including Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Adam Smith, Denis Diderot, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Mary Wollstonecraft. It provides each thinker's country of origin, their key ideas, and major works that helped spread Enlightenment philosophies such as natural rights, popular sovereignty, and equality.
The enlightnement day 2
The document discusses the differing views of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke on government. Thomas Hobbes believed that people were inherently evil and needed to be ruled by an all-powerful government, while John Locke believed that people had natural rights and that the purpose of government was to protect those rights through an agreement between the people and the government. Students are asked to discuss which view they agree with more based on the type of government they designed in a previous class. The document also provides questions about philosophers and ideas from the Enlightenment era.
APUSH Benchmark Review (Oct. 19, 2011)
Hello students -
This is the review slideshow for your test tomorrow. Use it and the handout as study tools but remember that there may be more on the exam than appears here.
Happy studying!
Mr. Kelly and Ms. Marroquín
Unit 1 baron
1. Baron de Montesquieu was a French philosopher and judge born in 1689 who studied law and science. He published his most famous work "On the Spirit of Laws" in 1748, which outlined his political theories.
2. In his work, Montesquieu believed that all things, including governments, operated according to immutable laws. He identified three types of governments - monarchies, republics, and despotisms.
3. Montesquieu argued that the best form of government was a republic elected by the people, and that power should be balanced among three branches of government, which he called the principle of "separation of powers." This idea became the basis for the United States
Name that Enlightenment Thinker!
1. Voltaire - He fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of religious belief and speech.
2. Beccaria - The degree of punishment for a lawbreaker should fit the crime.
3. Wollstonecraft - Women need education to become virtuous and useful.
4. Montesquieu - Division of government power into three branches(Separation of Powers)
Enlightenment philosophers
The document discusses the key ideas of the Enlightenment and their influence on the American Revolution. It outlines the philosophies of four important Enlightenment thinkers - John Locke, who believed that all people have natural rights to life, liberty and property; Jean Jacques Rousseau, who wrote about the social contract and people's right to determine their own governance; Baron de Montesquieu, who promoted separating government into branches with checks and balances; and Adam Smith, who developed theories of economics and capitalism. The document argues that Enlightenment ideas about natural rights, social contracts and divided government formed the cornerstones of American founding documents like the Declaration of Independence and Constitution.
Philosophers
The document discusses several philosophers and their ideas about government and political theory during the Enlightenment period. It describes Thomas Hobbes's view of the social contract and belief in absolute monarchy. John Locke believed in natural rights and the idea that the people can overthrow a government that does not protect those rights. Jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote that government should express the will of the people. Baron de Montesquieu promoted separating government into branches with shared powers. These Enlightenment ideas influenced the American colonists in their rebellion against Britain.
Enlightenment thinkers
John Locke, Adam Smith, and Thomas Hobbes were influential Enlightenment thinkers. Locke believed in natural rights and that people consent to governments through a social contract. Smith developed the idea of laissez-faire economics and that governments should not intervene in the economy. Hobbes argued that absolute monarchy was the best form of rule to keep humans in line given their natural selfishness and violence. Voltaire advocated for religious tolerance, justice, free speech, and ending slavery. Montesquieu's book influenced the American founders by proposing separation of a government's executive, legislative, and judicial powers. Diderot spread Enlightenment ideas through his Encyclopedia, which was translated globally.
EnlightenmentNotes
The document summarizes key ideas from influential thinkers during the Enlightenment period such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Voltaire, and Adam Smith. It discusses their major works and how their ideas inspired new forms of government, including the U.S. Constitution, and promoted values like religious tolerance and the separation of church and state that still impact society today. Their philosophical challenges to traditional authority and applications of reason helped spark revolutions around the world.
Enlightenment Thinker
The document summarizes key Enlightenment thinkers including Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Baron de Montesquieu, Voltaire, Denis Diderot, and Mary Wollstonecraft. It provides biographical information on each thinker and highlights their major philosophical contributions, such as Hobbes' belief in a powerful sovereign, Locke's views on natural rights and social contract theory, and Wollstonecraft's advocacy for women's rights and education.
Enlightenment Society & Politics
The document discusses the key figures and ideas of the political Enlightenment. It outlines the philosophies of John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Marquis de Condorcet, Immanuel Kant, Denis Diderot, and Voltaire. Their philosophies emphasized natural rights like life, liberty, and property; separation of powers; consent of the governed; and reason as the path to universal happiness and freedom of thought.
New thoughts
The document discusses the intellectual foundations of revolution. It describes the views of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, who influenced ideas during the Enlightenment. Hobbes believed humans were inherently evil and needed a strong ruler, while Locke believed people could govern themselves and had natural rights to life, liberty, and property. These ideas influenced other thinkers like the French philosophes who wanted to improve society. Figures like Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau expanded on these foundations by advocating for freedom of thought, separation of government powers, and the ability of people to shape their own governments.
Enlightenment Thinkers
The document summarizes several Enlightenment thinkers and their beliefs about government. Thomas Hobbes believed governments should have complete control to prevent selfish behavior, likening the ideal government to a powerful Leviathan. John Locke believed the best government was run by the people and that individuals had natural rights to life, liberty, and property. Enlightenment philosophers like Voltaire and Montesquieu spread ideas about separating government powers and recognizing individual rights that influenced governments globally.
Enlightenment Philosophers
John Locke believed that individuals have natural rights to life, liberty, and property, and the right to change an oppressive government. Montesquieu proposed that the best form of government divides power into judicial, legislative, and executive branches to check political power. Voltaire advocated for freedom of thought, speech, and religion as well as separation of church and state. Rousseau and Wollstonecraft argued that government should be based on popular sovereignty and secure equal rights and justice for all, including extending rights to women through education and suffrage.
Enlightenment Philosophers
The Enlightenment philosophers Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Baron de Montesquieu influenced the founders of the United States with their social contract theory and ideas of limited government. Hobbes argued people formed governments to control human selfishness, while Locke said they did so to protect natural rights like life, liberty, and property. Montesquieu advocated for separating government powers into branches that check each other. These principles inspired the Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution, which established a representative democracy with checks and balances among its three branches of government.
Writing History Thesis
The document discusses the ideas of four philosophers on human nature and government: Thomas Hobbes believed people should obey an unaccountable sovereign to maintain order. John Locke believed in natural rights and that rulers could be removed if they failed to protect rights. Charles Montesquieu believed the legislative, executive, and judicial powers should be separate to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful. Rene Descartes believed humans are born with innate knowledge from God.
Enlightenment Society and Politics
The document discusses several major Enlightenment philosophers and their political philosophies:
- John Locke promoted natural rights like life, liberty, and property. He believed in a social contract and limited monarchical power.
- Baron de Montesquieu advocated for separation of powers and checks and balances based on the British system.
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed people could achieve moral freedom through a direct democracy with the general will of the people as the highest authority.
- Voltaire was a defender of civil liberties like freedom of religion, speech, and trade, and criticized the church and state through his writings.
Unit 1 locke
John Locke was an English philosopher born in 1632 who wrote influential works on political philosophy and theories of government. He believed that governments derive their power from the consent of the governed, that people have natural rights like life, liberty and property, and that governments are bound by civil and natural law to protect those rights. If governments fail to protect rights or abuse their power, people have a right to revolt and change the government. Many of Locke's ideas about natural rights, limited government, and consent of the governed influenced the writers of the U.S. Constitution.
Enlightenment
The document discusses key thinkers of the Enlightenment and their ideas about government and society. Thomas Hobbes believed people were naturally greedy and governments should maintain peace through an all-powerful ruler. John Locke believed people had natural rights and could revolt if the government violated the social contract. Jean-Jacques Rousseau thought people were equal and society should be organized by majority rule. Voltaire supported religious tolerance and Montesquieu argued for separation of government powers. Enlightened monarchs tried to rule based on Enlightenment ideals like tolerance and improving lives.
Liberalism, government and democracy
Liberal political theory holds that individuals consent to form societies and governments through social contracts for protection of natural rights like life, liberty, and property. According to social contract theory, governments derive legitimacy from the consent of the governed and must be limited to prevent abuse of power. Liberals support constitutionalism to constrain arbitrary rule through division of powers and protection of civil and political rights, and advocate for liberal democracy that incorporates competitive elections, respect for individual and minority rights, and limits on government through law.
Theory of social contract
The social contract theory argues that individuals consent to give up some freedoms to a governing body in exchange for protection of their remaining rights. Major theorists like Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau discussed the state of nature without government and how individuals would agree to form a state through social contracts. Hobbes saw life without government as "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short." Locke believed individuals would agree to a neutral judge to protect their lives, liberty, and property. Rousseau said the people would surrender their will to a great leader through the social contract.
Classical liberalism
Classical liberalism originated in Western Europe in opposition to the divine right of kings. It was inspired by the American and French Revolutions and based on principles of personal freedom, equality under the law, limited and consent-based government. Early thinkers developing these principles included Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Voltaire and Montesquieu, and they influenced declarations like the American Declaration of Independence and French Declaration of the Rights of Man. Aboriginal communities also had principles of liberalism prior to contact with Europeans.
Enlightenment and the American Revolution
This document discusses the Enlightenment period and the implementation of Enlightenment ideals in the founding of America. It provides context about the times before the Enlightenment, then discusses influences like the Renaissance, Reformation, and Scientific Revolution. Key Enlightenment thinkers like Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Beccaria are summarized along with their influences on documents like the Declaration of Independence and Constitution, particularly regarding natural rights, separation of powers, freedom of speech and religion, and fair treatment of the accused.
Cause
The main causes of World War I were alliances, nationalism, imperialism, and militarism in Europe. Countries formed opposing alliances that pulled them into war. Nationalism in multi-ethnic empires like Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire fueled tensions. Newly powerful countries like Germany and Italy sought to build empires, competing for resources. Growing militarism as empires expanded led countries to build up powerful armies and armaments. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand sparked Austria-Hungary's declaration of war on Serbia, pulling the tightly allied countries into World War I through the system of entangling alliances.
America enters
America entered World War I in April 1917, just as the war had reached a stalemate and Russia had withdrawn. While initially neutral, several factors pushed the US into the war on the side of the Allies. Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare in 1917, which resulted in American ships and lives lost, along with the intercepted Zimmerman Telegram proposing a German-Mexican alliance against the US, led President Wilson to declare war. American troops began arriving at the front in late 1917 and helped turn the tide of battle, as Germany requested an armistice in November 1918 with the war coming to an end.
The brightest day!
This document summarizes the events surrounding the end of World War I and the negotiations around the Treaty of Versailles. It describes how global leaders met in France after the fighting ended on November 11, 1918 to discuss peace and draft a treaty. While U.S. President Woodrow Wilson advocated for his 14 Points plan to avoid future wars, the other Allied powers wanted to weaken Germany and increase their own empires. The resulting Treaty of Versailles punished Germany harshly and was widely unpopular, sowing seeds for future conflict.
More Related Content
What's hot
Name that Enlightenment Thinker!
1. Voltaire - He fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of religious belief and speech.
2. Beccaria - The degree of punishment for a lawbreaker should fit the crime.
3. Wollstonecraft - Women need education to become virtuous and useful.
4. Montesquieu - Division of government power into three branches(Separation of Powers)
Enlightenment philosophers
The document discusses the key ideas of the Enlightenment and their influence on the American Revolution. It outlines the philosophies of four important Enlightenment thinkers - John Locke, who believed that all people have natural rights to life, liberty and property; Jean Jacques Rousseau, who wrote about the social contract and people's right to determine their own governance; Baron de Montesquieu, who promoted separating government into branches with checks and balances; and Adam Smith, who developed theories of economics and capitalism. The document argues that Enlightenment ideas about natural rights, social contracts and divided government formed the cornerstones of American founding documents like the Declaration of Independence and Constitution.
Philosophers
The document discusses several philosophers and their ideas about government and political theory during the Enlightenment period. It describes Thomas Hobbes's view of the social contract and belief in absolute monarchy. John Locke believed in natural rights and the idea that the people can overthrow a government that does not protect those rights. Jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote that government should express the will of the people. Baron de Montesquieu promoted separating government into branches with shared powers. These Enlightenment ideas influenced the American colonists in their rebellion against Britain.
Enlightenment thinkers
John Locke, Adam Smith, and Thomas Hobbes were influential Enlightenment thinkers. Locke believed in natural rights and that people consent to governments through a social contract. Smith developed the idea of laissez-faire economics and that governments should not intervene in the economy. Hobbes argued that absolute monarchy was the best form of rule to keep humans in line given their natural selfishness and violence. Voltaire advocated for religious tolerance, justice, free speech, and ending slavery. Montesquieu's book influenced the American founders by proposing separation of a government's executive, legislative, and judicial powers. Diderot spread Enlightenment ideas through his Encyclopedia, which was translated globally.
EnlightenmentNotes
The document summarizes key ideas from influential thinkers during the Enlightenment period such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Voltaire, and Adam Smith. It discusses their major works and how their ideas inspired new forms of government, including the U.S. Constitution, and promoted values like religious tolerance and the separation of church and state that still impact society today. Their philosophical challenges to traditional authority and applications of reason helped spark revolutions around the world.
Enlightenment Thinker
The document summarizes key Enlightenment thinkers including Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Baron de Montesquieu, Voltaire, Denis Diderot, and Mary Wollstonecraft. It provides biographical information on each thinker and highlights their major philosophical contributions, such as Hobbes' belief in a powerful sovereign, Locke's views on natural rights and social contract theory, and Wollstonecraft's advocacy for women's rights and education.
Enlightenment Society & Politics
The document discusses the key figures and ideas of the political Enlightenment. It outlines the philosophies of John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Marquis de Condorcet, Immanuel Kant, Denis Diderot, and Voltaire. Their philosophies emphasized natural rights like life, liberty, and property; separation of powers; consent of the governed; and reason as the path to universal happiness and freedom of thought.
New thoughts
The document discusses the intellectual foundations of revolution. It describes the views of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, who influenced ideas during the Enlightenment. Hobbes believed humans were inherently evil and needed a strong ruler, while Locke believed people could govern themselves and had natural rights to life, liberty, and property. These ideas influenced other thinkers like the French philosophes who wanted to improve society. Figures like Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau expanded on these foundations by advocating for freedom of thought, separation of government powers, and the ability of people to shape their own governments.
Enlightenment Thinkers
The document summarizes several Enlightenment thinkers and their beliefs about government. Thomas Hobbes believed governments should have complete control to prevent selfish behavior, likening the ideal government to a powerful Leviathan. John Locke believed the best government was run by the people and that individuals had natural rights to life, liberty, and property. Enlightenment philosophers like Voltaire and Montesquieu spread ideas about separating government powers and recognizing individual rights that influenced governments globally.
Enlightenment Philosophers
John Locke believed that individuals have natural rights to life, liberty, and property, and the right to change an oppressive government. Montesquieu proposed that the best form of government divides power into judicial, legislative, and executive branches to check political power. Voltaire advocated for freedom of thought, speech, and religion as well as separation of church and state. Rousseau and Wollstonecraft argued that government should be based on popular sovereignty and secure equal rights and justice for all, including extending rights to women through education and suffrage.
Enlightenment Philosophers
The Enlightenment philosophers Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Baron de Montesquieu influenced the founders of the United States with their social contract theory and ideas of limited government. Hobbes argued people formed governments to control human selfishness, while Locke said they did so to protect natural rights like life, liberty, and property. Montesquieu advocated for separating government powers into branches that check each other. These principles inspired the Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution, which established a representative democracy with checks and balances among its three branches of government.
Writing History Thesis
The document discusses the ideas of four philosophers on human nature and government: Thomas Hobbes believed people should obey an unaccountable sovereign to maintain order. John Locke believed in natural rights and that rulers could be removed if they failed to protect rights. Charles Montesquieu believed the legislative, executive, and judicial powers should be separate to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful. Rene Descartes believed humans are born with innate knowledge from God.
Enlightenment Society and Politics
The document discusses several major Enlightenment philosophers and their political philosophies:
- John Locke promoted natural rights like life, liberty, and property. He believed in a social contract and limited monarchical power.
- Baron de Montesquieu advocated for separation of powers and checks and balances based on the British system.
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed people could achieve moral freedom through a direct democracy with the general will of the people as the highest authority.
- Voltaire was a defender of civil liberties like freedom of religion, speech, and trade, and criticized the church and state through his writings.
Unit 1 locke
John Locke was an English philosopher born in 1632 who wrote influential works on political philosophy and theories of government. He believed that governments derive their power from the consent of the governed, that people have natural rights like life, liberty and property, and that governments are bound by civil and natural law to protect those rights. If governments fail to protect rights or abuse their power, people have a right to revolt and change the government. Many of Locke's ideas about natural rights, limited government, and consent of the governed influenced the writers of the U.S. Constitution.
Enlightenment
The document discusses key thinkers of the Enlightenment and their ideas about government and society. Thomas Hobbes believed people were naturally greedy and governments should maintain peace through an all-powerful ruler. John Locke believed people had natural rights and could revolt if the government violated the social contract. Jean-Jacques Rousseau thought people were equal and society should be organized by majority rule. Voltaire supported religious tolerance and Montesquieu argued for separation of government powers. Enlightened monarchs tried to rule based on Enlightenment ideals like tolerance and improving lives.
Liberalism, government and democracy
Liberal political theory holds that individuals consent to form societies and governments through social contracts for protection of natural rights like life, liberty, and property. According to social contract theory, governments derive legitimacy from the consent of the governed and must be limited to prevent abuse of power. Liberals support constitutionalism to constrain arbitrary rule through division of powers and protection of civil and political rights, and advocate for liberal democracy that incorporates competitive elections, respect for individual and minority rights, and limits on government through law.
Theory of social contract
The social contract theory argues that individuals consent to give up some freedoms to a governing body in exchange for protection of their remaining rights. Major theorists like Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau discussed the state of nature without government and how individuals would agree to form a state through social contracts. Hobbes saw life without government as "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short." Locke believed individuals would agree to a neutral judge to protect their lives, liberty, and property. Rousseau said the people would surrender their will to a great leader through the social contract.
Classical liberalism
Classical liberalism originated in Western Europe in opposition to the divine right of kings. It was inspired by the American and French Revolutions and based on principles of personal freedom, equality under the law, limited and consent-based government. Early thinkers developing these principles included Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Voltaire and Montesquieu, and they influenced declarations like the American Declaration of Independence and French Declaration of the Rights of Man. Aboriginal communities also had principles of liberalism prior to contact with Europeans.
Enlightenment and the American Revolution
This document discusses the Enlightenment period and the implementation of Enlightenment ideals in the founding of America. It provides context about the times before the Enlightenment, then discusses influences like the Renaissance, Reformation, and Scientific Revolution. Key Enlightenment thinkers like Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Beccaria are summarized along with their influences on documents like the Declaration of Independence and Constitution, particularly regarding natural rights, separation of powers, freedom of speech and religion, and fair treatment of the accused.
What's hot (19)
Viewers also liked
Cause
The main causes of World War I were alliances, nationalism, imperialism, and militarism in Europe. Countries formed opposing alliances that pulled them into war. Nationalism in multi-ethnic empires like Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire fueled tensions. Newly powerful countries like Germany and Italy sought to build empires, competing for resources. Growing militarism as empires expanded led countries to build up powerful armies and armaments. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand sparked Austria-Hungary's declaration of war on Serbia, pulling the tightly allied countries into World War I through the system of entangling alliances.
America enters
America entered World War I in April 1917, just as the war had reached a stalemate and Russia had withdrawn. While initially neutral, several factors pushed the US into the war on the side of the Allies. Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare in 1917, which resulted in American ships and lives lost, along with the intercepted Zimmerman Telegram proposing a German-Mexican alliance against the US, led President Wilson to declare war. American troops began arriving at the front in late 1917 and helped turn the tide of battle, as Germany requested an armistice in November 1918 with the war coming to an end.
The brightest day!
This document summarizes the events surrounding the end of World War I and the negotiations around the Treaty of Versailles. It describes how global leaders met in France after the fighting ended on November 11, 1918 to discuss peace and draft a treaty. While U.S. President Woodrow Wilson advocated for his 14 Points plan to avoid future wars, the other Allied powers wanted to weaken Germany and increase their own empires. The resulting Treaty of Versailles punished Germany harshly and was widely unpopular, sowing seeds for future conflict.
The american revolution
The document summarizes key events and perspectives during the American Revolutionary War. It describes that patriots wanted independence from Britain while loyalists wanted to remain under British rule. The war began with early battles in Lexington and Concord following Britain sending soldiers to enforce rules. While the Americans lost initial battles, their victory at Saratoga convinced France to ally with them. International support then grew alongside battles across colonies, until the British surrender at Yorktown finally ended the war.
The long road to revolution
The document discusses the growing tensions between the British monarchy and Parliament in the lead up to the English Civil War. It describes how the monarchy gradually lost power to Parliament over centuries as the Magna Carta established limited rule. Further problems arose under the Tudor monarchs as they alternated between Catholic and Protestant rule. The Stuart kings James I and Charles I both sought to be absolute monarchs, but faced opposition from Parliament, culminating in Charles banning Parliament for 11 years and arresting dissenting members, angering the people and pushing the country towards revolution.
The russian revolution
The document summarizes the events leading up to the Russian Revolution of 1917. Russia was experiencing discontent before World War I due to economic, political, and social issues. When World War I began, Russia struggled due to high casualties, poor military leadership, and lack of weapons. As the war dragged on, unrest grew among the poor and workers. In 1917, this unrest erupted in the Bolshevik Revolution, where the Czar and his family were overthrown. Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks then withdrew Russia from World War I.
Results of the war (day 2)
The document summarizes key problems with the League of Nations after World War 1. The League was weak with no real organization and many major countries like the US, Germany, and Russia did not join. It had no power to enforce rules and relied only on persuasion. Every member also had to agree for rules to take effect. The League's inability to control non-member nations or enforce its rules meant it was ultimately ineffective in maintaining peace.
Of opium and boxers
China was self-sufficient in the 1700s-1800s but did not want to trade with other countries. The British began selling highly addictive opium to the Chinese people against the wishes of the Chinese government. This led to conflict including the First Opium War, which China lost. This allowed Western imperial powers like Britain to gain influence in China. At the same time, China faced internal rebellions and struggled with reforms as it opened up to foreign trade and influence. Some Chinese formed the anti-Western Boxer Rebellion but they were ultimately defeated by eight foreign countries. China was weakened as nationalism began to grow within the country.
A splendid little war!
The Spanish-American War lasted only four months, but resulted in significant territorial gains for the United States. America took control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines from Spain. While the war was brief, it marked the beginning of the United States expanding its global influence and emerging as an imperial power under President Theodore Roosevelt.
Imperialism 2
The document discusses the British colonization of India. It describes how the British East India Company came to dominate trade in India after the fall of the Mughal Empire. To protect their business interests, the Company hired Indian soldiers known as Sepoys. However, over time, as the British businesses and control grew, the people of India felt increasingly oppressed. This led to the Sepoy Rebellion in 1857, which was sparked in part by new rifle cartridges that offended local customs. While the Rebellion took a year to defeat, it resulted in the British government taking direct control over India and making it an official part of the British Empire.
The seven years war
The document discusses the Seven Years War between the French and English in North America from 1754-1763. It describes how the conflict began over territorial disputes in the Ohio Valley and General Braddock's defeat against the French and Native Americans in 1755. Though the early years of the war went poorly for the British, new Prime Minister William Pitt strengthened Britain's efforts starting in 1757. The British went on to capture key French forts and cities like Quebec and Montreal, defeating the French navy and taking Caribbean colonies to end France's empire in North America by 1763.
The english civil war
Charles banned Parliament from meeting for 11 years, known as the "11 Years Tyranny". He began raising taxes without Parliament's consent and jailed dissenting members. This angered the people and led to the English Civil War between Royalists and Parliamentarians. Oliver Cromwell defeated the Royalist army and captured the king, who was later put on trial and beheaded. Cromwell then ruled England as Lord Protector until his death.
Totalitarian italy
Italians were unhappy with the outcome of World War I and blamed their government for economic issues. Benito Mussolini founded the fascist party in 1919, promising to end unrest, and had his black shirt supporters attack communists and socialists. Fascism promoted extreme Italian nationalism and authoritarian leadership. Mussolini gained support by ending a strike and marched on Rome in 1922, forcing the king to appoint him leader of Italy. Once in power, he cracked down on dissent and increased censorship and military strength.
The depression hits home
The document summarizes the events leading up to the Great Depression in the United States. It explains that while the American economy was booming in the 1920s, European economies were struggling. As Europeans stopped buying American goods to fix their own economies, American companies had surpluses. This led to a decline in stock prices as owners sold stocks. Banks then demanded payment on stock loans but many people could not pay. On October 29, 1929, known as Black Tuesday, widespread panic selling on the stock market caused prices to crash, marking the beginning of the Great Depression.
The depression continues
The document summarizes how the Great Depression spread globally in the early 1930s. As unemployment rose in the US due to stock market crashes and bank failures, American consumers and businesses had less money to buy goods. This hurt companies' sales. Meanwhile, American banks and businesses started demanding repayment of loans from European countries like Germany, worsening their economic crises. The globalization of trade and finance then caused the worldwide depression, as poor nations also suffered from reduced lending and investment from Europe and America.
The wonderful, fun world of the depression
The document summarizes how the Great Depression started in Europe due to the aftermath of World War I. Key factors included the severe damage across Europe from the war that needed rebuilding, heavy reparations imposed on Germany that it couldn't pay, and reduced trade as a result of a weakened German economy. As soldiers returned home, unemployment rose in countries that had relied on wartime production. The economic problems in Europe spread globally as countries invested less and traded less with one another.
Totalitarian russia
The document discusses communism in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin. It describes how the Soviet Union aimed to empower workers and have industry controlled by the people, but it actually resulted in wealth being controlled by the government. Stalin took power after Lenin and instituted five-year plans to rapidly industrialize the Soviet Union through collectivization of farms and heavy industry, but this came at the cost of individual freedoms and created a repressive police state with censorship and propaganda. Stalin carried out a "Great Purge" that executed thousands of communists and religious believers seen as threats to his rule.
Totalitarian germany
Germany was devastated after WWI and further damaged by reparations payments. During the Great Depression, Adolf Hitler rose to power modeling his Nazi party after Italian Fascism. He imprisoned those who opposed him and wrote Mein Kampf, outlining his desire to create a powerful Germany and claims of Aryan supremacy. As the Depression continued and the Nazi party grew in popularity, Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany in 1932 where he established a secret police, outlawed other parties, and censored information to increase his totalitarian control over Germany.
How the axis saved the allies
Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941 was a bigger mistake than invading Britain. It broke Germany's alliance with the USSR and led to half a million German casualties as their forces failed to take Moscow or Leningrad. Meanwhile, the US was moving away from neutrality through policies like Cash and Carry and Lend-Lease, which helped supply weapons and goods to the Allies without direct US involvement in the war. Japan's aggression, including invading French Indochina, caused the US to embargo oil to Japan, until Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor drew the US fully into the war against Germany and Japan.
The axis triumphant!
The document describes the early victories of the Axis powers in World War 2, with Germany conducting a lightning-fast invasion of Poland aided by the Soviet Union, and then quickly defeating Denmark, Norway, France, and controlling much of mainland Europe by 1940. While Germany launched an extensive bombing campaign against Britain, the British air force was able to defend itself and continued fighting under the leadership of Winston Churchill, though Axis powers also controlled territories in North Africa, the Balkans, and were seeking to expand their influence in the Middle East.
Viewers also liked (20)
Similar to The american government
Federalist Papers
The document summarizes debates between Federalists and Anti-Federalists regarding the proposed US Constitution in 1787. The Federalist Papers, written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, made the case for ratification. Key Federalist arguments included that a large federal republic would protect liberty better than small republics, and that separating powers among branches of government would prevent tyranny. Anti-Federalists like Brutus argued the Constitution would lead to the destruction of liberty by consolidating power and allowing a standing army. They also felt the presidency would become an elective monarchy and large republics could not remain free.
History Week 4Classmate response #1What issues did the new go.docx
History Week 4
Classmate response #1:
What issues did the new government under the Constitution face? How do they compare to the issues faced by the government under the Articles of Confederation? Which period faced the worst obstacles and why? Pick a few examples to make your point, explaining WHY, and give specific illustrations for each, being sure to support your answer with facts (including citations---of course).
The Articles of Confederation spoke to the Americans' doubt of the very explanation the Articles of Confederation were made with a feeble national government was on the grounds that the composers of it dreaded a solid focal government. This empowered to states to have such a lot of power that the security of the nation was put in danger. In numerous regards federalism which suggests a solid focal government was something contrary to the proposed arrangement that they upheld. An increasingly exact name for the supporters of the Constitution would have been nationalists. The nationalist label, be that as it may, would have been a political obligation in the 1780's. Conventional political conviction of the Revolutionary Era held that solid brought together authority would unavoidably prompt a maltreatment of intensity. The Federalists were additionally mindful that that the issues of the nation in the 1780's originated from the shortcomings of the focal government made by the Articles of Confederation. For Federalists, the Constitution was required so as to shield the freedom and autonomy that the American Revolution had made. While the Federalists unquestionably had built up another political way of thinking, they considered their to be import job as shielding the social additions of the Revolution. As James Madison, one of the incomparable Federalist pioneers later clarified, the Constitution was intended to be a republican solution for the maladies generally episode to republican government. The Federalists had in excess of a creative political arrangement and a very much picked name to help their motivation. A large number of the most capable pioneers of the period who had the most involvement with national-level work were Federalists. For instance the main two national-level big names of the period, Benjamin Franklin and George Washington, supported the Constitution. Notwithstanding these noteworthy whizzes, the Federalists were efficient, all around supported, and utilized the printed word. Most papers upheld the Federalists' political arrangement and distributed articles and handouts to clarify why the individuals ought to endorse the Constitution. Notwithstanding this scope of significant focal points, the Federalists despite everything had a hard battle before them. Their new arrangements were a huge modification of political convictions right now. Most essentially, the Federalists accepted that the best danger to the eventual fate of the United States didn't lie in the maltreatment of focal force, yet rather could be f.
History Week 4Classmate response #1What issues did the new go.docx
History Week 4
Classmate response #1:
What issues did the new government under the Constitution face? How do they compare to the issues faced by the government under the Articles of Confederation? Which period faced the worst obstacles and why? Pick a few examples to make your point, explaining WHY, and give specific illustrations for each, being sure to support your answer with facts (including citations---of course).
The Articles of Confederation spoke to the Americans' doubt of the very explanation the Articles of Confederation were made with a feeble national government was on the grounds that the composers of it dreaded a solid focal government. This empowered to states to have such a lot of power that the security of the nation was put in danger. In numerous regards federalism which suggests a solid focal government was something contrary to the proposed arrangement that they upheld. An increasingly exact name for the supporters of the Constitution would have been nationalists. The nationalist label, be that as it may, would have been a political obligation in the 1780's. Conventional political conviction of the Revolutionary Era held that solid brought together authority would unavoidably prompt a maltreatment of intensity. The Federalists were additionally mindful that that the issues of the nation in the 1780's originated from the shortcomings of the focal government made by the Articles of Confederation. For Federalists, the Constitution was required so as to shield the freedom and autonomy that the American Revolution had made. While the Federalists unquestionably had built up another political way of thinking, they considered their to be import job as shielding the social additions of the Revolution. As James Madison, one of the incomparable Federalist pioneers later clarified, the Constitution was intended to be a republican solution for the maladies generally episode to republican government. The Federalists had in excess of a creative political arrangement and a very much picked name to help their motivation. A large number of the most capable pioneers of the period who had the most involvement with national-level work were Federalists. For instance the main two national-level big names of the period, Benjamin Franklin and George Washington, supported the Constitution. Notwithstanding these noteworthy whizzes, the Federalists were efficient, all around supported, and utilized the printed word. Most papers upheld the Federalists' political arrangement and distributed articles and handouts to clarify why the individuals ought to endorse the Constitution. Notwithstanding this scope of significant focal points, the Federalists despite everything had a hard battle before them. Their new arrangements were a huge modification of political convictions right now. Most essentially, the Federalists accepted that the best danger to the eventual fate of the United States didn't lie in the maltreatment of focal force, yet rather could be f ...
Essays On Federalism
Essay on United States Government and Federalism
Federalism Essay
Federalism Essay
Reflection Paper On Federalism
Essay On Cooperative Federalism
Powers Of National-State Governments
Essay on Why Framers Chose Federalism
Study Outline for Chapter 3: Federalism
Argumentative Essay On Constitutional Federalism
Essay On Federalism
Essay on Federalism
federalism Essay
Essay on Balanced Federalism
Essay On Dual Federalism
Federalism Essay
Federalism And The Other Federalism
Federalism Essay
Federalist Arguments
Federalism Vs Federal Government
1. What were the various problems with the Articles of Confederati.docx
1. What were the various problems with the Articles of Confederation?
The Articles of Confederation was the first system of government in the new country of America. After the countless amount of issues born out of being owned by Great Britain, the expectations of the new system were as such: that power would be given through the people, that power would be expressed through a representative of the people, and that the representative was one of the needs and interests of the people. And while that sounds ideal, great almost, it doesn’t work out. The Articles as described in class, were pretty much bad/not good. Where the people were looking for the framework for an actual government, they seemed more like a firm league of friendship. The Articles, founded in 1778 lasted 10 years. Under this system there was no president or judiciary, any decision required a 9 out of 13 votes, so if it came down to 2/3rds there would be no decision made. The Articles allowed the declaration of war, conduct of foreign affairs, treaty creation, but could not tax. But hey two cool positives are that it won them the war and we also gained Ohio! And it was a tremendous disaster by the fact that it did not collect taxes, which was probably because the big debt from the war they had previously won.
No tax means no power, and inadvertently no money either. This became a bigger problem because the newfound America had borrowed money and weapons from the French, and since they were in debt they couldn’t pay the French back. The inability to tax left the founders hands tied; they couldn’t tax so they were unable to address their debt issue. And as the debt intensified, there was a rebellion in Massachusetts kicking off known as “Shays Rebellion.”
2. How did Shays Rebellion motivate “the founders” to hold a convention to resolve the problems of the Articles?
Shays Rebellion was the rebellion of the people (primarily farmers) against their government and more specifically, the affects of the Articles of Confederation. The huge debt problem affected everyone; farmers/civilians couldn’t pay mortgage, faced debt, and would land in jail. Shays Rebellion occupied the jails, courts, etc. and while the origins of this movement started in Massachusetts, movements were being started all over the new country because Massachusetts wasn’t the only state facing issues.
At this moment the economic elite realized they needed to strengthen the central government in order to fight debt/put down the rebellion. And it is from this realization that the Constitution was born, the document that laid down the foundation for “freedom, liberty and rights.” But to whom were these rights attributed? It is important to note that the Constitutions original purpose was not about giving us our rights, but how to control the people. And we must divorce ourselves from the notion that the constitution gave us any rights. Eventually in late of May 1787 George Washington calls the convention into se ...
Essay On Constitution
Essay on Creating the Constitution
Essay on US Constitution
The British Constitution Essay example
US Constitution Essay
The U.S. Constitution Essay
Essay about The Constitution
Texas Constitution Essay
Essay about Constitutional Democracy
Federalist papers lesson plan student copy
The document provides background information on the Articles of Confederation, the Constitutional Convention, and the Federalist Papers. It summarizes that the Articles of Confederation created a weak national government, leading states to call the Constitutional Convention to draft a new Constitution. Hamilton, Madison, and Jay wrote the Federalist Papers to advocate for ratifying the new Constitution, addressing concerns around federalism, separation of powers, and creating a republic. It also summarizes opposing views from the Anti-Federalists and how the Bill of Rights was eventually added.
Ch 3 Sec 1
The document outlines several key American constitutional principles:
1) Popular sovereignty holds that ultimate power comes from the consent of the people.
2) Limited government means the government has limited, enumerated powers and individual rights are protected from government overreach.
3) Separation of powers divides the government into legislative, executive, and judicial branches to prevent consolidation of power.
4) Checks and balances allows each branch to limit the powers of the others through mechanisms like vetoes and appointments.
5) Judicial review established the power of courts to review the constitutionality of laws.
Founding Principles
The document discusses the founding principles of the United States as established during the Constitutional Convention. It outlines the key principles as: rights come from God, not government; all political power comes from the people; a limited representative republic form of government; a written Constitution; and protection of private property rights. It then summarizes how these principles became embedded in the Constitution through the work of the founders and debates around ratification, though some erosion of the principles began shortly after through expansions of federal power.
Hogan's History- Establishing the U.S. Government
The document summarizes key events and ideas in the establishment of the US government under the Constitution. It discusses:
1) The Articles of Confederation, the first national governing document which proved ineffective. Daniel Shay's Rebellion demonstrated the need for change.
2) Enlightenment thinkers like Locke and Rousseau influenced the founding era with ideas of natural rights and consent of the governed.
3) The Constitutional Convention drafted the US Constitution to replace the Articles, giving more power to the national government while establishing separation of powers and checks and balances between the three branches.
4) The Bill of Rights protects individual liberties and limits government power through amendments like freedom of speech and religion and due process.
Unit 2 part 1 power point
The document provides an overview of the structure and purposes of the US government based on the Constitution. It discusses the following key points:
1) Shays' Rebellion showed weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation and led delegates to convene the Constitutional Convention to establish a new framework.
2) The Convention established a new Constitution with compromises reached on issues like representation in Congress and the Three-Fifths Compromise.
3) The new Constitution established a federal system of government that divided power between the national and state governments. It was ratified after debate between Federalists and Anti-Federalists.
Constitution powerpoint
The document provides an overview of the United States Constitution, including when and how it was written. It discusses that the Constitution was drafted in 1787 in Philadelphia by 55 delegates led by George Washington and James Madison, and was influenced by other historic documents and state constitutions. It established a system of checks and balances between the three branches of government to solve problems under the previous Articles of Confederation system.
Essay About The Constitution Of The United States
Essay about United States Constitution
The Us Constitution Essay
The US Constitution Essay
Essay about The American Constitution
The U.S. Constitution Essay
US Constitution Essay
Essay about The Constitution
Us constitution
The document provides an overview of the United States Constitution including key facts about its creation. It was written in 1787 and ratified in 1788 in Philadelphia by 55 delegates in response to weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. The Constitution established the three branches of government and a system of checks and balances to separate powers. It was modeled on historical documents like the works of Locke, Montesquieu, and Blackstone. The document solved issues around a weak federal government under the Articles of Confederation.
Jurisdiction: Acting Like States
"The independent power of the states...serves as a check on the power of the Federal Government: by denying any one government complete jurisdiction over all concerns of public life, federalism protects the liberty of the individual from arbitrary power...The States are separate and independent sovereigns. Sometimes they have to act like it." - US Supreme Court Affordable Care Act Decision, June 2012
The Seven Principles Of Government
The document outlines the seven principles of government that the framers used to build the US Constitution:
1) Popular sovereignty - the idea that the people are the source of governmental power and establish government through consent.
2) Limited government - the government has only the authority granted by the people and is constrained by the Constitution and Bill of Rights.
3) Separation of powers - the division of government into legislative, executive, and judicial branches to limit any one branch's power.
4) Checks and balances - each branch has the authority to restrain the other two branches to prevent tyranny.
5) Judicial review - the principle that the Supreme Court can review laws and acts of government to determine their constitutionality
The united states constitution pp
The United States Constitution was written on September 17, 1787 and ratified on June 21, 1788. It was written by 55 delegates led by James Madison to create a stronger national government and unite the states after weaknesses were exposed in the Articles of Confederation. The Constitution established the three branches of government and system of checks and balances to distribute power and prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful. It drew upon ideas from philosophers like Montesquieu, Rousseau, Blackstone, and Locke.
West government interactive lecture
This document outlines an American government lesson plan that covers:
1) The events leading up to the American Revolution and the signing of the Declaration of Independence and US Constitution.
2) The influences of Enlightenment thinkers on the development of American representative democracy and the relationship between the colonies and Britain.
3) The disagreements and compromises that shaped the creation of America's federal system of government, including the Connecticut Compromise and the Three-Fifths Compromise.
It provides learning objectives, content standards, and outlines the lesson content which tracks the development of colonial self-governance, the American Revolution, the Articles of Confederation, the US Constitutional Convention, and the ratification
From Americas Democratic Republic book Chapters 1 & 2 & 3 Be.docx
From America's Democratic Republic book Chapters 1 & 2 & 3 :
Be able to define and briefly discuss the significance of the following terms as per lecture & assigned readings:
• Government
• Politics
• Social Contract Theory
• Declaration of Independence
• Tyranny
• Popular sovereignty
• Political equality
• Political liberty
• Inalienable (natural) rights
• Limited government
• Democratic Republic
• Direct Democracy
• Shay’s Rebellion
• Confederation
• Articles of Confederation
• Electoral College
• Supremacy Clause
• Elastic (“necessary & proper”) clause
• Bill of Rights
• Separation of Powers
• Bicameral Legislature
• Checks & Balance
• Judicial Review
• Full Faith & Credit Clause
• Extradition
• Privileges & Immunities Clause
• Federalism
• 10th Amendment
• Reserved powers
• Delegated powers
• Devolution
• Categorical grants
• Block grants
• Unfunded mandate
• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
• Great Society Programs (LBJ)
• The New Deal (FDR)
• Civil War
• Hurricane Katrina
• Medical Marijuana
Questions:
1. According to scholars (such as Locke), why is government necessary?
2. What conditions in the country convinced leading citizens that the Articles of
Confederation were not working and a new system of government was needed?
3. What were the “major flaws” in the Articles of Confederation that the delegates
sought to correct with a new constitution?
4. Identify the major challenges facing delegates attending the Constitutional
Convention. How did the delegates resolve these challenges?
5. Identify and briefly discuss the four (4) major compromises reached by delegates
at the Constitutional Convention. Why were such compromises necessary?
6. Why did the Founders create a Democratic Republic instead of a Direct
Democracy?
7. Respond to the claim that the American political system has become more
democratic. Be precise and illustrate with concrete examples.
8. What did the Founders do to guard against tyranny of the majority (the people)?
9. What did the Founders do to guard against tyranny by the elite (those in power)? 10. What did the Founders do to promote popular sovereignty?
11. What did the Founders do to create a document that would be sufficiently flexible
to serve the nation as a blueprint for government during the 21st century? Do you think they succeeded? In other words, do you believe that the U.S. Constitution is still viable?
12. To what goals or ends did the Founders commit the new government? How do you know?
13. The U.S. Constitution has been amended only 27 times. What have been the two (2) major themes of these amendments?
14. According to Charles Beard, the Constitution’s framers were mainly interested in protecting economic rights. Defend or challenge this position.
15. In what ways did the U.S Constitution give support to the institution of slavery? 16. What does the U.S. Cons.
Chapter 2The Constitution and it’s framing.L
Chapter 2
The Constitution and it’s framing.
Lesson Plans
1. History and philosophy leading up to the constitution.
2. The revolution
3. Articles of Confederation
4. Constitutional Convention
5. Key Figures
6. Compromises
7. Amendments
Enlightenment and the Country’s founding
The founding of the country was based in principles in the European enlightenment.
One of the Enlightenment’s goals was to base governance on rationality.
Prior to the Enlightenment, governance was justified through tradition rather than reason.
Locke v Hobbes
Hobbes argued that the rationality for government was to prevent the state of nature.
Hobbes argued that life without the state would be a war between all and nasty, brutish and short. He advocated for a dictator to prevent this.
Locke disagreed. Locke argued that people would rather deal with what he called the mischief of foxes and polecats than to be devoured by lions.
This means that conflicts between individuals are manageable, but a tyrannical state is impossible to avoid.
Locke’s justification for a state is the social contract which is an agreement that the state protects rights. However if a state abuses its people, then it loses its legitimacy.
Locke’s principles drove the American Revolution.
The Revolution
The colonies originally had more freedom to run their own land prior to the Seven Years War (war between France and England).
The colonists were prevented to settle past Appalachia.
To pay back the taxes that resulted from the Seven Years War, England levied taxes on the colonists.
Colonists demanded representation in Parliament.
Stamp Act, (Tax on Paper goods) Townsend Act (Tax on glass, Tea, Paint)
The Colonies boycotted British Manufacturing goods.
Britain sent troops to the colonies, leading to an altercation with the troops known as the Boston Massacre
Britain passed an act that granted a monopoly on the British East India Tea Company, which led to the “Boston Tea Party.”
The Revolution cont.
These acts led to the state of Massachusetts to revolt, followed by the rest of the colonies.
The Declaration of Independence laid out the principles that drove the colonies to revolt against England.
This listed out the ways that Britain abused its power regarding the Social Contract.
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed”
This quote has driven the ideals in which we govern ourselves.
Articles of Confederation
Immediately following the revolution, the new nation agreed on the Articles of confederation.
The articles of confederation is the governing body that ruled the nation between the end of the Revolution and the creation of the constitution.
A confede ...
Similar to The american government (20)
History Week 4Classmate response #1What issues did the new go.docx
History Week 4Classmate response #1What issues did the new go.docx
History Week 4Classmate response #1What issues did the new go.docx
History Week 4Classmate response #1What issues did the new go.docx
1. What were the various problems with the Articles of Confederati.docx
1. What were the various problems with the Articles of Confederati.docx
From Americas Democratic Republic book Chapters 1 & 2 & 3 Be.docx
From Americas Democratic Republic book Chapters 1 & 2 & 3 Be.docx
More from James Simpson
Forming a united states 83
America's first national government under the Articles of Confederation was very weak. It gave
too much power to the states and too little to the central government. As a result, states fought
with each other over taxes and currency, and rebellions like Shays' Rebellion broke out when
the government could not enforce order. In response, delegates met at the Constitutional
Convention to draft a new governing document that created a stronger federal system with
separation of powers among three branches of government. However, they disagreed on issues
like representation and slavery, leading to the Great Compromise that created a bicameral
legislature with proportional and equal representation between the houses.
French and indian webquest
The document provides resources and questions for a French and Indian War webquest. Students are directed to use multiple websites as sources to answer 10 questions in complete sentences about the causes and outcomes of the French and Indian War, also known as the Seven Years War. Key topics addressed include which countries controlled Canada and North American colonies at the start and end of the war, which side major Indian tribes and American colonists supported, and the city the English captured from the French towards the end of the war.
Human and environment interactions (day 2)
The document discusses various environmental issues including carbon emissions, damage to the ozone layer, the Kyoto Protocol, efforts to save wildlife, and actions individuals can take to help the environment such as using reusable bags and driving hybrid cars. It also mentions that scientists are researching additional clean energy sources like water, nuclear, solar, and wind power.
Human and environment interactions
The Green Revolution in the 1960s led farmers to use fertilizers and pesticides to increase food production, resulting in more crops and higher populations but also dangerous chemicals in the environment and erosion. Increased populations caused greater urbanization and industrialization, with over 3.5 billion people living in cities by 2005, leading to localized pollution, disease spread, and wildlife habitat loss as natural areas were developed. This utilization of resources to support larger populations also results in more environmental pollution worldwide.
The digital revolution
Computers have evolved dramatically from room-sized machines only capable of basic tasks to handheld devices with immense processing power that can access a global network of computers from anywhere. This digital revolution transformed how people work and share information through innovations like personal computers, the Internet, and cellular technology that now interconnect our world and fuel a technology-dependent global marketplace.
The power of tv
Television became the primary source of information for most Americans in the 1950s, bringing current events and global news into people's homes. In the following decades, TV played a pivotal role in important social movements like the Civil Rights Movement by showing the realities of segregation and violence against protesters. TV also transformed how Americans experienced wars, allowing people to watch conflicts like the Vietnam and Persian Gulf Wars unfold in real time rather than just reading about them in newspapers. Satellites further expanded television's reach and influence by linking networks around the world.
Space
The document summarizes the Space Race between the United States and Soviet Union during the Cold War, where each nation aimed to prove its technological superiority through achievements in space exploration. It describes some of the key events, including the Soviet launch of Sputnik in 1957 which spurred the US to focus on math and science education and develop its own space program. Both nations went on to launch space stations - Mir by the Soviets and Skylab by the Americans. The International Space Station launched in 1998 represented a joint effort between 16 countries to conduct experiments in space.
Women’s roles continue to change
The roles of women have significantly changed since the 1960s and 70s as the feminist movement gained momentum, demanding equality and better pay for women in jobs. This movement spread globally, with famous women leading countries like India, the UK, and Pakistan, yet some discrimination remains as some women still face glass ceilings and lower pay than men in some workplaces. The UN has investigated women's rights and treatment around the world in response to these continuing issues.
The changing role of women
Women's roles have changed significantly over the past century. Prior to 1900, most women were housewives, but World War I necessitated women taking jobs in factories while the men were away. This contributed to the growing women's suffrage movement, and after World War I many countries granted women the right to vote. Although some women gained employment in new fields like medicine and journalism in the 1920s, most returned to being housewives after World War II in western nations, while communist countries encouraged women's employment and expanded their rights.
A terrifying terrorist!
The document discusses the history of conflict in the Middle East and the origins and progression of the War on Terror. It notes that the Middle East has had a long history of violence and wars over control of territory and oil. The War on Terror began after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, which prompted the U.S. to launch military campaigns against the Taliban in Afghanistan for harboring Al Qaeda and against Saddam Hussein's regime in Iraq over suspected weapons programs. Both countries saw regime changes but terrorist attacks have continued in the region.
Freedom for africa
After World War II, many African countries sought independence from European colonial rule, inspired by India and other Asian nations that had gained freedom. Ghana was the first to gain independence, through nonviolent tactics led by Kwame Nkrumah. Algeria had to fight violently against French forces for independence. Kenya also struggled for independence from Britain, with Jomo Kenyatta leading the movement. Some newly independent nations like the Congo experienced civil war and unrest as they were unprepared to govern. South Africa imposed the system of apartheid that denied political power and rights to the black majority until the end of apartheid in the 1990s.
India and pakistan
The document discusses the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947 by the British. It summarizes that the British divided the single nation into two separate countries to prevent conflict between the Hindu and Muslim populations. However, the partition led to over a million deaths as groups migrated to their respective nations. Ongoing tensions exist particularly over the Kashmir region which has a Muslim majority but is controlled by India.
Czechoslovakia and yugoslavia
The document summarizes the breakup of two communist states - Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia - following the fall of communism in Eastern Europe in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Czechoslovakia peacefully split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia due to increasing tensions between Czechs and Slovaks. In contrast, Yugoslavia broke apart violently as nationalism grew among its six republics (Slovenia, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro), leading to war and "ethnic cleansing" under Serbian leader Slobodan Milosevic before the republics gained independence.
The end of the cold war
The Soviet Union's economy was weakening due to the costs of the space race and arms race with the US. Mikhail Gorbachev implemented reforms of perestroika and glasnost to restructure and open up the Soviet economy and society. Meanwhile, Ronald Reagan took a hard line against communism as president of the US. In 1985, Gorbachev and Reagan met and began limiting weapons, with Gorbachev agreeing to democratization. Inspired by reforms in the Soviet Union, resistance grew in Eastern Europe, leading to democratic reforms in countries like Poland and Hungary breaking from Soviet control. As the Berlin Wall fell in 1989, symbolizing the end of Soviet oppression, other Soviet states declared independence,
The vietnam war
The document summarizes the key events of American involvement in the Vietnam War. It describes how Vietnam was divided after French rule, with a communist North under Ho Chi Minh and a democratic South led by Diem. Fearing communism would spread, the US supported France and later sent troops to South Vietnam. Despite American military assistance, North Vietnam was able to defeat South Vietnam and reunify the country as a communist state in 1975 after the US withdrew.
The korean war
The Korean War began in 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea in an attempt to unite the Korean Peninsula under communist rule. Although the US and USSR did not directly engage each other, the Cold War turned hot as America sent troops to defend South Korea out of fear of communism spreading. While North Korea initially gained ground with help from China and the Soviet Union, the US general Douglas MacArthur eventually pushed the invading forces back across the 38th parallel border. A ceasefire was ultimately signed in 1953 due to fears of the conflict escalating into a full war between the US and communist allies, leaving Korea still divided along the original post-WWII border.
Communism in africa and latin america
The document discusses the Cold War in Africa and Latin America. It describes how the Soviet Union aimed to spread communism in newly independent African nations by providing military, economic, and educational aid. The US responded by also providing funds to countries to prevent the spread of communism and containment of the Soviet Union. It further discusses how Cuba allied with the Soviet Union, alarming the US, and how Castro tried to spread communism in Latin America, leading the US to back anti-communist groups in countries like El Salvador and Nicaragua.
The domino theory
The document discusses the Domino Theory, which was the idea that if one country in Asia fell to communism, the surrounding countries would follow like dominoes. It describes how after WWII, China became communist under Mao Zedong, and then Korea was divided into the communist North and democratic South to prevent the spread of communism. The US feared that if Korea or other Asian countries went communist, it would trigger surrounding countries to follow suit according to the Domino Theory.
Tensions mount
After World War 2, tensions rose between the US and its allies and the Soviet Union. The Soviets blockaded Berlin to push out Western influence, but the US airlifted supplies in response. This proved to the US that the Soviets could cause problems. In 1949, the US and allies formed NATO as a military alliance to counter the Soviet threat, while the Soviets formed the Warsaw Pact with Eastern European nations under its control. The Soviets sought to spread communism globally through both military alliances with neighboring states and ideological influence in countries experiencing revolutions.
Containment
After World War II, tensions arose between the US and Soviet Union due to disagreements over politics and economics, starting the Cold War. President Truman implemented the policy of containment to limit the spread of communism and instead promote democracy. This included the Truman Doctrine, which provided financial aid to countries to prevent them from becoming communist, and the Marshall Plan, which gave $12.5 billion to Western Europe for rebuilding to prevent the spread of communism there.
More from James Simpson (20)
Recently uploaded
在线办理(latrobe毕业证书)拉筹伯大学毕业证Offer一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(latrobe毕业证书)拉筹伯大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
13062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
Essential Tools for Modern PR Business .pptx
Discover the essential tools and strategies for modern PR business success. Learn how to craft compelling news releases, leverage press release sites and news wires, stay updated with PR news, and integrate effective PR practices to enhance your brand's visibility and credibility. Elevate your PR efforts with our comprehensive guide.
Gabriel Whitley's Motion Summary Judgment
Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
Youngest c m in India- Pema Khandu Biography
Pema Khandu, born on August 21, 1979, is an Indian politician and the Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh. He is the son of former Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh, Dorjee Khandu. Pema Khandu assumed office as the Chief Minister in July 2016, making him one of the youngest Chief Ministers in India at that time.
Howard Fineman, Veteran Political Journalist and TV Pundit, Dies at 75
Howard Fineman, Veteran Political Journalist and TV Pundit, Dies at 75LUMINATIVE MEDIA/PROJECT COUNSEL MEDIA GROUP
From his beginnings with a daily newspaper, he moved easily through Newsweek magazine to cable news and, later, to the frontiers of online journalism.Recently uploaded (8)
Howard Fineman, Veteran Political Journalist and TV Pundit, Dies at 75
Howard Fineman, Veteran Political Journalist and TV Pundit, Dies at 75
The american government
- 1. The American Government Or Coming to America
- 2. Basics of our Government: “When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands” is the first line of our Declaration of Independence. It is based on the Enlightenment and the social contract.
- 3. Another look at the Declaration of Independence John Locke taught that we all have natural rights. “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights”
- 4. Right After the War America decided to have small, weak government. They were afraid of becoming absolute monarchy, which was what they had just fought a war against. They created a government based on a document called the Articles of the Confederation. It was too weak and no one listened to it.
- 5. Back to the drawing board. Because of this, America decided to create a new government within 10 years of victory. The states had a new constitution drafted (what do you think this means?) James Madison
- 6. On the Constitution Montesquieu taught that the separation of powers. Our constitution divides power between: Executive (President) Legislative (Congress) Judicial (Judges)
- 7. Another Part of the Separation of Powers Our government is a federal system. States have some powers. The national government has some powers.
- 8. First Amendment Voltaire taught essential freedoms: Speech Religion Those ideas make up our First Amendment (add on) to the constitution
- 9. Second Amendment “A well regulated Militia (citizen soldiers), being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.” Does this mean we have a right to own guns?