The document provides information about the use of articles (a, an, the) and verbs to be (am, is, are) in the English language. It includes rules for using indefinite articles with singular nouns depending on whether the following word begins with a consonant or vowel sound. Examples are given for forming plurals of nouns by adding -s, -es, or changing the spelling. Common contractions of verbs to be are listed along with interrogative and negative forms.

1. LEVEL 1

2.  Use “A/ AN “ only in front of singular nouns, it
has no plural form.
 Use A if the following word starts with a
consonant
 A pen, a bag, a dog, a hospital, a hamburger, a university, a
unit, a yoghurt
 Use AN if the following word starts with a vowel
or soundless h.
 An apple, an elephant, an umbrella, an hour, an heir

3.  Which article a or an can be put before the
following words or phrases?
hour, elephant, car, younger brother, son, order,
bike, outdoor activity, English CD, animaL
A


4.  Write the correct forms of the indefinite articles into the gaps.
Example: We read __ book.
Answer: We read a book.
1) There is…………….. new English book on the desk.
 2) She's reading………… old comic.
 3) They've got………………. idea.
 4) He is drinking …………cup of coffee.
 5) The girl is ……………pilot.
 6) Leipzig has ……………airport.
 7) This is ……………expensive bike.
 8) Look! There's ………………bird flying.
 9) My father is…………….. honest person.
 10) My friend likes to be……………. astronaut.

5. Singular form + “s”
a car……….two cars
Add “es” to sibilants (s,ch,ss,sh,x)
a box—two boxes, a wish…two wishes, a kiss.. two kisses
Nouns ending in “Y”
vowel+y…….... Add “s” boy……boys
consonant+y…Change to “ies” family..families
Nouns ending in f/fe
Roof.. Roofs thief… thieves wife……..wives
Some nouns ending in “o” form the plural adding “es”
Tomato… tomatoes
Potato….. potatoes
Hero ……. Heroes
Mosquito… mosquitos/mosquitoes

6.  Singular Plural
 a man two men
 a woman two women
 a child two children
 a mouse two mice
 a tooth two teeth
 a goose two geese
 a foot two feet
 an ox two oxen

7.  lady
 piano
 watermelon
 lower
 nose
 house
 American woman
 mouse
 garage

8.  ox
 roof
 potato
 party
 tooth
 chief
 photo
 wife
 policeman
 mosquito
 sandwich

9.  I am I’m
 You are you’re
 He is he’s
 She is she’s
 It is it’s
 We are we’re
 You are you’re
 They are they’re

10.  Negative form
 I am not I’m not
 You are not you aren’t
 He is not he isn’t
 We are not we aren’t
 You are not you aren’t
 They are not they aren’t

11.  Interrogative form
 Am I?
 Are you?
 Is he?/Is she? Is it?
 Are we?
 Are you?
 Are they?
 Question and short answer
 Is he American? No, he isn’t/ Yes, he is.
 Are they husband and wife? Yes they are./ no
they aren’t.
 Are you English? Yes, I am/ No, I’m not.

14.  SPAIN POLAND
 ITALY FRANCE
 TURKEY RUSSIA
 CHINA GREECE
 JAPAN ENGLAND
 FRANCE IRELAND
 BRITAIN SCOTLAND
 ENGLAND BRAZIL
 CATALONIA AUSTRALIA