In medical implant systems high efficiency and improving the patient’s mobility. Artificial organs and monitoring devices to be implanted into human body for the extension and the improvement of human lives. The implants must operate inside the body for the considerable period and communicate with outside world wirelessly for exchange of medical data and commands. Rechargeable batteries are recharged remotely through the human skin via inductive links. In my project transformer model, a remote power supply for use in the artificial hearts for easy controllability and high efficiency, which can monitor the charging level of the battery has been designed and implemented. To recharge the battery, the electro-magnetic coupling between primary coil and secondary coil has been used. Primary and secondary windings of the transformer are positioned outside and inside the human body respectively. In such a transformer, the alignment and gap may change with external positioning. The coupling coefficient of the transformer is also varying, and so are the tool to large leakage inductances and the mutual inductance. Resonance-tank circuits with varying resonance frequency are formed from the transformer inductors and external capacitors. A control method is proposed to lock the switching frequency at just above the load insensitive frequency for optimized efficiency at heavy loads. Specifically, operation at above resonant of the resonance circuits is maintained under varying coupling coefficient. A transcutaneous power regulator is built and found to perform excellently with high efficiency and tight regulation under variations of the alignment or gap of the transcutaneous transformer load and input voltage.

1. ENERGY TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
FOR ARTIFICAL HEART

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction to Human Heart
 Artificial Heart
 Development of Artificial Heart
 Energy Transference Scheme
 Determination of Control Region
 System Design
 Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION
• The heart has four chambers.
• These chambers or cavities are the right atrium right ventricle, left
atrium, and left ventricle.
• Each chamber connects to a one-way valve. When a cavity
contracts, a valve opens and blood flows into the chamber.
• There are four valves, each associated with individual chamber are
 Mitral valve & left atrium
 Aortic valve & left ventricle
 Tricuspid valve & right atrium
 Pulmonary valve& right ventricle

4. Human Heart Anatomy

5. BLOOD FLOW IN HUMAN
HEART

6. BLOOD FLOW IN HUMAN HEART
o The circulatory system is responsible for filtering oxygenated blood and
deoxygenated blood from the body.
o Blood enters in to heart through two veins, the superior vena cava and the
inferior vena cava. Both of these veins feed de-oxygenated blood into the
right atrium. The right atrium contracts sending blood to the right ventricle.
o Blood flows from the right ventricle through the lungs by means of the
Pulmonary valve. Within the lungs the deoxygenated blood becomes
oxygenated.
o The newly oxygenated blood flows through left atrium and ventricle, and the
blood disperses through the body

7. ARTIFICIAL HEART
 Mechanical heart which completely substitutes the natural heart
anatomically and physiologically
 Extra pumping chamber that can pump blood throughout the
body
 Can be used either temporarily or permanently
 Made up of metal and plastic
 Has 5 major parts
Energy Source
Control and driving system
Energy conversion system
Pump actuator
Blood handling parts

8. ARTIFICIAL
HEART DESIGN
AND
IMPLANTATION.

9. • Three subsystems include
 Heart pump
 A computerized pump controller
 A power source.
All of the subsystems cumulatively, Weigh around 4 pounds and operate
so quietly that stethoscope is needed to listen to the heart sounds.
Surgeons implant the heart pump in the area from where the ventricles
are removed. Channels that connect naturally to the ventricles are then
sewn into artificial cuffs that snap on to the heart. Two independent
hydraulic motors lie inside the heart One motor maintains the pumping
function to each ventricle while the other motor operates the motion of
the four heart valves.

10. ARTIFICIAL HEART IMPLEMENTATION IN HUMAN BODY

11. • The pumping motion operates through hydraulics by an oscillating
pusher plate that squeezes sacs which alternatively expel blood to the
lungs and the body.
• When the blood sacs become full, the exit valves are shut and the
entrance valves are open. The pump then squeezes the sacs, which
allows the exit valves to open and the entrance valves to close.
• The device is capable of producing more than two gallons of blood
every minute, which signifies a higher output than the Ventricular assist
devices(VAD).
• Similar in design to the VAD, a small computer secured in the abdomen
of a patient automatically adjusts the output of the pump. The continual
monitoring of blood flow guarantees that incoming flow matches
outgoing flow. This rhythm ensures steady state pumping of the heart.

12. ENERGY TRANSFERENCE SCHEME
 Use method of compensation of leakage inductance on
both sides of the transcutaneous transformer
 In this scheme capacitors are added in series to
compensate the leakage inductance.

13. DETERMINATION OF CONTROL
REGION
 Gv curve is divided into 3 regions: low frequency, middle frequency and
high frequency regions.
 Region II provides maximum transfer gain but is very sensitive to changes
in load and coupling coefficient, hence not used.
 Region I and III can control
output voltage.
 Region III is desirable because
the unity gain frequencies is
much less sensitive than for
region I.
Gv Curve

14. SYSTEM DESIGN
 Output requirements:
V0 = 24V
Iomax =2.0A
I0min =0.5A
 Size, geometry and core material of the transformer and
range of air gap and misalignment between them are already
defined
 For transformer windings the same cores used in series
converter are used

15. SYSTEM DESIGN
 Transformer Core: Ferroxcube Pot Core 6656
3C8 Ferrite
OD=2.6in
Thickness=1.1in
Air gap=10-20mm
Misalignment=0-10mm
 Region III of gain characteristics is selected for control
 Low value of Q is selected to reduce sensitivity if variation
 Compensating resonant frequency is chosen at 120kHz

16. CONTROL OF THE SYSTEM

17. WAVEFORM ANALYSIS REGARDING TO
CONTROL CIRCUITRY FOR ARTIFICIAL HEART

18. CONCLUSION
 A control region of operating frequency is determined
 The converter offers high efficiency
 Minimized configuration of the devices in the thorax is experimented
 High-voltage gain and the reduced circulating current.
 A control region of an operating frequency is determined, which realizes
the robustness the coupling coefficient as well as the load.
 The minimized configuration of the devices in the thorax is
experimented.
 The converter guarantees many advantages because of ZVS of all active
switches and ZCS of the rectified diodes, low devices switching loss and
stress, and high efficiency.