The document discusses the black box, which consists of the flight data recorder (FDR) and cockpit voice recorder (CVR). The FDR records parameters like time, pressure, speed, and the positions of controls. The CVR records audio from the cockpit for investigating accidents. Black boxes originally used magnetic tapes but now use more advanced solid state technology allowing for longer recording durations. Their recorders are powered by the plane's engines and contain underwater locator beacons to help with recovery after crashes. Black boxes provide vital information for investigating aviation accidents and improving safety.

1. BLACK BOX
A Presentation on

2. CONTENT
 INTRODUCTION
 HISTORY
 INSIDE THE BLACK BOX
o FLIGHT DATA RECORDER (FDR)
o COCKPIT VOICE RECORDER (CVR)
 TECHNOLOGY USED
 WORKING OF BLACK BOX
 ADVANTAGES
 DISADVANTAGE
 CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
 It is an electronics device used to
record any instructions and
specific aircraft performance
parameters.
 It record's specific aircraft
performance parameters and
conversations in the cockpit.
 A black box consist of FDR &
CVR .

4. HISTORY
 The first prototype FDR
was made in 1956 By
DAVID WARREN in
aeronautical research
laboratories of Melbourne
, Australia .

5. INSIDE THE BLACK BOX
 Flight Data Recorder (FDR)
 Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR)

6. FLIGHT DATA RECORDER
 It is an electronics
device used to record
any instructions and the
operating data from the
plane's systems.
 It records various
performance parameters
on an aircraft .

7. PARAMETERS RECORDED BY MOST
FDR’S
 Time
 Pressure attitude
 Air speed
 Vertical acceleration
 Magnetic heading
 Fuel flow
 Horizontal stabilizer
 Control column position
 Control wheel position
 Rudder –pedal position

8.  A FDR is shown below which is recovered after a crash

9. COCKPIT VOICE RECORDER
 It records the audio environment in the flight deck of an
aircraft for the purpose of accident & incidents .
 This is typically achieved by recording the signals of the
microphones & earphones of the pilots headsets & of an
area microphone in the roof of the cockpit .
 According to FAA after 2005 the recording duration is
minimum of 30 minutes .
 But according to NTSB it should be of 2 hours.

10. THE POSITIONS OF THE FOUR
MICROPHONES
 Pilot's headset
 Co-pilot's headset
 Headset of a third crew member (if there is a third crew
member)
 Near the center of the cockpit, where it can pick up audio
alerts and other sounds

11. COCKPIT VOICE RECORDER

12. TECHNOLOGY USED
 MAGNETIC TAPES
 SOLID STATE
TECHNOLOGY

13. MAGNETIC TAPES
 This technology was introduced in late
`1960’s & made magnetic tapes a
recording medium up to the introduction
of solid state technology .
 CVR & FDR records over the oldest
data with the newest data in an endless
loop recording pattern .
 Then DFDR’S were introduced which
can record at 64 12-bit data per seconds.
But it was limited to flights having
digital avionics like Boeing 767 & airbus
a320 .
 In this technology it can record up to 30
min of data.

14. SOLID STATE TECHNOLOGY
 The introduction of this technology
expanded recording capacity ,
enhanced crashfire survivability &
improved recording reliability .
 It can record up to 64 12 bit data
words per seconds or four times the
capacity of magnetic tapes in
DFDR’s
 It can records up to 25 hours of flight
data .

15.  These recording devices cost between $10,000 to $15,000
each.
 Both Black Boxes are powered by one of two power
generators that draw their power from the plane's engines.
 The Memory boards have enough digital storage space to
accommodate 2 hours of Audio data for CVRs and 25
hours of Flight data for FDRs.

16. WORKING OF BLACK BOX
Underwater Locator
Beacon (ULB)
 Submergence sensor on
the side of the beacon.
 Pulses at 37.5 kilohertz
(kHz).
 sound as deep as 14,000
feet (4,267 m).
 Once the beacon begins
"pinging," it pings once per
second for 30 days.

17. WORKING OF BLACK BOX
Retrieving Information
 This portable interface can
allow investigators quick
access to the data on a black
box..
 Retrieval of FDR
 Retrieval of CVR
 Once the beacon begins
"pinging," it pings once per
second for 30 days.

18. ADVANTAGES
 Retrieval comes first.
 It is very useful for accident investigations .
 The mistakes or error can be avoided in other aircrafts .

19. DISADVANTAGES
 The results are often overestimated.
 Not all properties of a software product can be
tested
 The reason for a failure is not found.
 Only a small number of possible inputs can
actually be tested, to test every possible input
stream would take nearly forever
 May leave many program paths untested

20. This black box alone was left to tell the
story of the crash of Egypt Air Flight
990.

21. The cockpit voice recorder from the
downed Alaska Airlines Flight 261

22. CONCLUSION
From the study of Black Box we derived a information
that how the information about aircraft mishap is analyzed
& unanswered question is answered.
In this study we discuss about various technology various
aspects involved in black box.

23. THANK YOU