Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. It is broadly divided into renewable and non-renewable categories. Renewable energy sources like solar, wind and hydro can be replenished, while non-renewable sources like coal, oil and natural gas will eventually be depleted. Conservation of energy is important as the demand for energy is increasing while resources are limited. Individuals and governments can promote conservation through practices like improving efficiency, reducing consumption, and developing sustainable energy sources.

1. Conservation Of
Energy

2. Energy
Energy is the ability to do work.
 Energy can neither be created nor be
destroyed. It may transform from one
form of another.
 For Example :
 In a room heater , electrical energy is
being converted to thermal energy.
 Turbine converts mechanical energy
stored in steams to electrical energy.

3. Types Of Energy
Energy can broadly be divided into to
categories :
• Renewable Energy
• Non-renewable Energy

4. Renewable energy
Renewable energy can be generated
continuously practically without decay of
source.
Example :
Solar
Wind
Geothermal
Hydro
Biomass
Tidal

5. Solar Energy
 Solar Energy can be converted into electrical energy
using solar panels.
 Solar powered electrical generation depends on heat
engines & photovoltaic's.
 Examples:
1. Solar Cooker
2. Solar Heater
 Advantages :
1) It doesn’t produce CO2 .
2) It has minimal impact on environment.
 Disadvantages:
1) It is not constant , it depends on weather, time,
location.

6. Wind Energy
 Wind Energy generated by wind turbines
are mainly used to generate electricity.
India is the world’s 5th largest producer of
electricity generation in this area
 Advantages :
1. Wind turbines do not release emission that
pollutes the air or water.
 Disadvantages :
1. Installation and maintenance cost is very
high
2. Only at few places wind blows continuously
throughout the year.

7. Geothermal Energy
 It is heat from within the Earth. We can recover this
heat as steam or hot water and use it to heat building
or generate electricity.
 Examples:
1. Hot springs
2. Fumaroles
3. Geysers
 Advantages:
1. CO2 emission levels are very low.
 Disadvantages:
1. Installation cost is very high.
2. Release various kind s of harmful gases.

8. Hydro Energy
 It is generally generated from running water
using various kinds of mechanical method.
 Example:
1. Dams
2. Tidal Barrages
3. Ocean Thermal Energy Conservation (OETC)
System
 Advantages
1. Produces very less amount of CO2.
2. It is also being used to control floods and for
irrigational purposes.
 Disadvantages
1. Natural environment is destroyed.

9. Biomass Energy
 It is an organic material made from plants’ and animals’
waste.
 When it is burned, the chemical energy in biomass is
released as heat.
 Examples:
1. Methanol
2. Ethanol
3. Bio Diesel
 Advantages:
1. Equipment installation cost is less .
2. Helps in garbage reduction
 Disadvantages:
1. Releases high amount of sulphurous gases.

10. Tidal Energy
 The energy contained in ocean waves
can potentially provide an unlimited
source of renewable energy.
 Ocean waves are created by the
interaction of wind with the surface of
sea.
 Advantages:
1. It doesn’t produces green house gases &
it’s life is very long.
2. It’s efficiency is around 80%.It doesn’t
require any fuel to run.
 Disadvantages:
1. Cost of construction of tidal power plant is

11. Non- Renewable Energy
Non renewable energy can’t be
generated again and again from the
same resource.
Examples:
1. Petroleum Products
2. Coal
3. Uranium

12. Coal
 Coal is a combustible black
sedimentary rock composed mostly
of carbons or hydrocarbons.
 For a millions of year, a layer of
dead plants at the bottom of
swamps was covered by layers of
water and dirt , trapping the energy
of dead plants.
 The heat and pressure from the top
layers helped the plant remains turn
in to what we call today as coal.
 Disadvantages:
1. Responsible for 57% of CO2 in the
air.

13. Uranium
 Nuclear energy is the energy in the nucleus of
an Uranium-235 atom. Atoms are tiny particles
that make up every object in the universe.
 It can be released from two ways : Nuclear
fission or nuclear fusion.
 Advantages:
 Even a small amount can release enough energy to
lit-up thouand of energy for months.
 Disadvantages:
1. After using it in nuclear reactor then also it’s
radioactive substances are very dangerous for us.
Ex.-Chernobyl tragedy & Fukushima tragedy.

14. Difference between them!!
Renewable Energy
 Renewable energy can be
generated continuously
practically without decay
of source.
 Responsible for 3-4% of
CO2 in the environment.
 Not a reason behind ‘Global
Warming’
Non - Renewable Energy
 Non renewable energy
can’t be generated again
and again from the same
resource.
 Responsible for 91-94% of
CO2 in the environment.
 Major reason behind ‘Global
Warming’

17. Energy Conservation
It refers too the efforts made to reduce
energy consumption.
It can be achieved through increased
efficient energy use or reduced
consumption from non renewable energy
sources.
It is often the most economical solution
for energy shortage.

18. Why to Conserve??
We have limited fuels
available on Earth.
Our demand of energy is
increasing day-by-day.
It is possible that someday,
most of fuels will be
exhausted , and we will have
to switch to alternate energy.

19. Energy Conservation in India
 In India govt. has passed “ energy conservation bill,2001”
for better utilization of energy and conservation of the
same.
 By this act, it is mandatory for energy intensive sectors
to get their “energy audit” conducted by energy auditor.
 Bureau of energy efficiency: This body keeps a watch on
energy consumption patterns , develops norms for
appliances etc.
 Star ratings: BEE has also initiated “star rating system”
for electrical appliances ex.- CFL’s Geysers, etc.

20. Energy Consumption in India
 About 70% of India’s energy generation capacity is from
fossil fuels, with coal accounting for 40% of India’s total
energy consumption followed by crude oil and natural
gas at 26% and 4% respectively.
 By 2030,India’s dependence on energy imports will
exceed 53% of country’s total energy consumption. In
2009-10 the country imported 159 million tones of crude
oil which amount to 80% of its domestic crude oil
consumption.
 In India 31% imports are oil imports

21. Current Situation of Energy
Conservation
Overview of International Energy Conservation
 The amount of energy consumption in the entire world has
been increased, accompanied by economic development of
each country. It is expected that such amounts will continue to
increase by 30% from 1997 to 2030.
 The increase of energy consumption is remarkable particularly
in developing countries centered on Asian countries and the
Asian region excluding Japan, which will accounts for almost
half of future increase of the world’s energy consumption.
 A reserve-production ratio that has been currently confirmed by
exploration, as of 2004 would be approximately 40 years for oil,
61 years for natural gas, and 204 years for coal.

22. Current Situation……
 Although this ratio fluctuates due to excavation of new
oil fields, oil and natural gas as basic resources would be
exhausted within about 60 years in calculation.
 Additionally, as a result of mass consumption of fossil
fuels, global warming caused by an increasing amount of
CO2 emissions in the air has been occurring at rapid
speed, which is one of the most crucial global issues.
 According to the report by the “Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change (IPCC)” announced in 2001, the global
average temperature has increased by 0.6℃ over the 100
years of the 20th century. It is forecasted that increase in
the global average temperature of 5.8℃ at maximum and
the rising water level of 88 cm will occur by 2100.

23. Current Situation…..
 In addition, if the rising water level in Japan goes
over 30 cm, it is estimated that 60% of sandy
beaches would be lost.
 Moreover, based on previous statistics, it is clear
that elasticity of GDP to energy demand becomes
“1” on a long-term basis. This value means the
amount of energy consumption will increase at the
same percentage as that of economic growth in the
long run.
 That is to say, unless countries achieve reduction of
the amount of energy consumption (energy
conservation) at the same percentage as that of
economic growth every year, it will be impossible to
even maintain the current situation.

24. Energy tax
 Some countries employ energy or carbon
taxes to motivate energy users to reduce their
consumption.
 Carbon taxes can allow consumption to shift
to nuclear power and other alternatives that
carry a different set of environmental side
effects and limitations.
 Meanwhile, taxes on all energy consumption
stand to reduce energy use across the board,
while reducing a broader array of
environmental consequences arising from
energy production.

25. Energy conservation Opportunities
 One of the primary ways to improve energy
conservation is to use an energy audit.
 An energy audit is an inspection and analysis of
energy use and flows for energy conservation in a
building, process or system to reduce the amount of
energy input into the system without negatively
affecting the output.
 This is normally accomplished by trained
professionals and can be part of some of the national
programs discussed above.
 In addition, recent development of smart phone apps
enable homeowners to complete relatively
sophisticated energy audits themselves.

26. What Can We Do:
Home
1. Always turn off lights when not necessary.
2. Use L.E.D. lights as they use less energy.
3. Purchase electrical appliances with 4-5 stars
of rating by BEE.
4. Always maintain your car for better fuel
efficiency.
5. Use laptop as they use less energy than
computer.
6. Unplug battery chargers when not in use.

27. What Can We Do:
School
• Always switch off lights and fans while
going out of the class.
• If there are less students in the class,
we should sit together so that some
fans can be switched off. (NOT IN
EXAMS!)

28. What Can We Do:
Public Places
• Installing Solar powered street lights is
another major option to save energy.
• Turn off street lights when on during
sunrise.
• Make people aware about the ways to
conserve energy.

29. The 8 Rs Of Sustainability

30. Did You Know That
 1 recycled tin would save enough energy to
power a television for 3 hours.
 1 recycled glass bottle would save enough
energy to power a computer for 25 minutes.
 1 recycled plastic bottle would save enough
energy to power a 60-watt light bulb for 3
hours.
 70% less energy is required to recycle paper
compared with making it from raw materials.

31. Did You Know That
• United Nations Organization has set up
a list of 17 sustainable development
goals (SDG’s) to be achieved till 2030
and Energy Conservation is one of
them!!!!....

32. Energy Conservation in Sustainable
Development Goals!!