The document discusses different forms of energy including kinetic, potential, thermal, mechanical, electrical, magnetic, chemical, elastic, nuclear, and gravitational energy. It provides examples of each type of energy and common uses. The document also discusses renewable and non-renewable energy sources, providing advantages and disadvantages of each. Specific renewable energy sources are described like hydroelectric, tidal, solar, wind, biomass, and geothermal. The process of generating and transmitting electricity from different sources is summarized.

1. Energy
Project 3

2. Student 1
Diego Díaz

3. The forms of energy.
All forms of energy can be classified as
kinetic or potential.
These two are the basic states of energy.
Potential energy is stored due to an
object’s position.
Kinetic energy is energy of motion.

5. POTENTIAL ENERGY
1. It is stored due to the objects position.
2. Bigger objects have more potential
energy than smaller objects.
3. An object at a higher elevation will have
more potential energy than an object at a
lower elevation

6. KINETIC ENERGY
1. It is energy of motion.
2. It depends on the speed and mass of an
object.
3. Faster objects have more kinetic energy
than slower objects.

8. KINETIC
ENERGIES

9. Thermal energy
It exists because objects have heat.
Heat is caused by the motion of tiny
particles.
Thermal energy can changes matter:

10. Example of a use for thermal energy:

11. Mechanical energy
It is the energy associated with the motion
and position of an object.
It is the sum of kinetic and potential
energy.

12. Example of a use for mechanical energy:

13. Electrical energy
It is created by the movement of electrons.
Not all objects conducts electricity, this
objects are call insulators. Ex: wood.

14. • Example of a use for electrical energy:

15. Magnetic energy
It is the energy made by the magnetic
attraction or repel of two objects, for this to
happen there should be two poles:
negative (N) and positive (S).

16. Example of a use for magnetic energy:

17. POTENTIAL
ENERGIES

18. Chemical energy
Energy stored in chemical bonds that can
be released. Ex: food, fossil fuels, battery
acid.

19. The most common use of chemical energy
is the food we consume to generate
enough energy to live, work, think, etc.

20. Elastic energy
It is the energy stored in the form of a
material or physical system as work is
performed to distort its volume or shape
and it happens when objects are
compressed and stretched.

21. Example of a use for elastic energy include
a rubber band, spring, bouncing ball,
catapult, bungee cord, bow string and
trampoline.

22. Nuclear energy
It is energy inside the nucleus of an atom.
Atoms are tiny particles that make up
every object in the universe.
The nuclear energy is created in a nuclear
power station.

23. Example of a use for nuclear energy:
human health, sterilization of food,
determination of age, use in space and
generating electricity.

24. Gravitational energy
It is due to the force of gravity caused by
the attraction of all other masses to the
mass of the earth.
At a higher elevation, you give the object
more gravitational energy.

25. The most common use of gravitational
potential energy is in hydroelectric power
plants that use the GPE of water to
generate electricity.

26. General classification of
energy sources: renewable
and non-renewable.
Advantages and
disadvantages of every
group.

28. Advantages of renewable energy
1. Renewable energy: It is infinite.
2. Environmental Benefits: It is clean
3. Reliable Energy Source: Reduce our dependence on fossil fuels
and the result is minor vulnerable to political instabilities for trade
disputes and wars.
4. Economic Benefits: stables jobs, require a less amount of
maintenance, which reduces the costs.
5. Stabilize Energy Prices: Non dependant of other countries.

29. Disadvantages of renewable energy
1. Reliability of Supply: It is dependant of the climate.
2. Difficult to Generate in Large Quantity: It cannot be
sufficient for all the consumptions demand.
3. Large Capital Cost: It is careful planning and
implementation.
4. Large Tracts of Land Required: It needs large
extensions of land.

30. Advantages of non-renewable energy
1. They are easy to transport from one area to another.
For example petroleum oils which can be transported
via pipes.
2. Cost of producing is low since they are naturally
available.
3. Most of this energy sources are abundantly
available in different areas.
4. Their availability is not affected by climatic condition.

31. Disadvantages of non-renewable energy
1. Environmental Consequences. They have a very negative
effect on the environment when mined, processed and
consumed.
2. Health Risks. Cancer, allergies and other illnesses are
associated to the contamination that this energies produce in
the Earth.
3. Supply and Demand. Because unsustainable energy
reserves are limited, they will become more and more
expensive as they are used.
4. Running Out. All non-renewable energy resources will
spent.

32. Bibliography
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nlpD6BT0YuM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SCg81A6kwg0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86PzkRbw4_U
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forms_of_energy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_energy

33. Student 2
Lourdes Fontecha

34. Non-renewable energy
we have a low production and a
high consumption of the product.
But first, what does non-renewable means?

35. Fossil Fuels.
They all come from organic matter.
Coal
Petroleum
Natural gas

36. Coal
Burning
coal .
Water
heats up.
Pressure
gets higher.
Turbine
moves.
Coal is
extracted from
mines.

37. Petroleum
We extract the oil with a pump
controlled by a tower like
structure of metal with
weights.

38. Natural gas
Water is inserted in the
reservoirs for making
pressure increase and
gasses will go up, then
water an gas are divided.

39. Nuclear Energy
Comes from
uranium
The nuclear energy is
produced during the
process of fission and
fusion of atoms.
In blue we have protons and in red neutrons.

40. How does energy changes?
From thermal to mechanical

41. As in coal energy
we use
thermal energy
to heat up
water.
The pressure in the
circuit will increase
and water vapor will
get to a turbine.
This turbine will move transforming thermal
energy into mechanical energy.

42. Student 3
Rocío Mosquera

43. TECHNICAL SYSTEMS
Alternative energies are obtained from inexhaustible
sources. The most used ones are:
• - Hydroelectric
• -Tidal Power Plants
• - Thermosolar Power Plants
• - Photovoltaic panels
• - Wind farms
• - Biomass
• - Geothermal

44. Hydroelectric : energy is generated by
releasing the water from the reservoir
through the lower part of the dam at high
pressure.

45. Tidal Power Plants : a large dike is built
across an estuary in the ocean in which
there are channels in the lower part of the
dam, in the seawater.

46. Thermosolar Power Plant : the idea is to
gather solar radiation by means of mirrors
and concentrate it all.

47. RENEWABLE ENERGY
SOURCES
• We can obtain energy from natural phenomena related
to the Sun, such as the wind, tides and waves
• Scientists are currently experimenting with alternative
energy sources.

48. Photovoltaic panels: this system is
based on a property of silicon crystals
which allow them to generate electricity
when they are illunated by light.

49. Wind Farms : it consists of a large rotor
placed on top of a tower and drives the
electricity generator.

50. Biomass : refers to biological material from iving
organisms. Its energy can be obtained through three
processes:
Pyrolysis: the result is a gas called methane.
Fermentation of plants : results in bioethanol.
Fermentation of organic waste from rubbish: generates
a product known as compost.

51. Geothermal : in some countries there are
geological traps that contain very hot
rocks. They inject water from the outside
and convert the water into steam to turn a
turbine that drives a generator.

52. Student 4
Natalia Rehak

53. • Thermal Power Plants
 Generation
I. Fossil-fuels (natural gas, coal, petroleum) burned heat
II. The heat generated evaporates water
III. Steam TºC Pressure turbine turns
IV. Water is condensed liquid
with cold water
Process
starts
again
Burned coal
rises
through this
pipe Cold water
renovates
from the
rivers,
lakes…
30% efficiency

54. • Hydroelectric Power Plants
Generation
- uses the movement of water (rivers, waterfalls, reservoirs…)
- located certain height potential energy high speed of
water
- water pipe turbine generator (electric current)
water
returns to the stream
The bigger
the height
of water,
the more
energy
generated

55. • Nuclear Power Plants
 Generation
- Heat is produced by nuclear fission split atom 2 smaller
nuclei
Fission chain reaction: neutrons released
split again and produce more energy (e.g.,
uranium 235)

56. Process:
1. Nuclear fission in
reactor
2. Nuclear
fission heats
water
3. This
makes the
turbine turn
4. The generator
transforms the energy
into electricity
5. Water vapour is
condensed with cold
water and the cycle
starts again

57. Transmission and Distribution systems

58. I. Step-up transformers: increases the voltage (note that there is an
electricity energy loss, called Joule effect, when it is transported)
intensity energy loss solution:
voltage
II. Transmission lines: cables joined by towers. Air insulator
cheap
It can also be underground
• Transmission

59. I. Step-down transformers: decreases de voltage (a high voltage is
dangerous)
II. It is distributed to factories and houses by cables and
tranformers
• Distribution

60. • Efficiency
 Energy can’t be destroyed nor created transforms from the total
energy
 Consume less same work
Advantages: Example:
- saves energy -saving light bulb
- saves money
- pollutes less
Part of it
transforms and is
no longer useful
Traditional light bulb Energy saving light bulb

61. • Energy Saving
Advantages: Examples:
• Save money
• Pollute less
• Make non-renewable resources
last longer
• Turn off the lights & TV when
not using
• Not use half-empty washing
machine
• Use energy saving devices

62. • Environmental impact
• Generation
 Air emissions: nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide,
methane (greenhouse gases)
 Water resource use: hot water from power stations are
poured into rivers and lakes. Oxygen cannot dissolve well in
hot water
aquatic living things cannot live
 Polluted water
 Land resource impact (erosion, loss of soil quality, etc.)
 Solid waste generation (the rests of burned coal)
 Radioactive waste generation (nuclear power plants)

64. • Transmission
• Aesthetics: bad view contrasting with the natural landscape

65. • Dangerous for animals

66. • Distribution
• Underground and transmission lines constructions. Bad effects
on land
• Noise pollution
• High use of material to cover all the way to every house

67. • Use of energy
• Excessive or innecessary use of electricity more electricity
more
pollution
• Need for more electrical devices more energy to make
them in a factory more electricity

68. Bibliography
• http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys213/lectures/transform/tr
• http://www.alliantenergykids.com/EnergyBasics/AllAbo
• http://www.duke-energy.com/about-energy/generating-
• http://www.livescience.com/32137-what-is-nuclear-fissi
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa
• http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-and-you/affect