This document discusses different forms of energy including kinetic, potential, mechanical, chemical, sound, thermal, electrical, gravitational, radiant, magnetic, nuclear, elastic, light, solar, wind, and hydroelectric energy. It also covers renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydroelectric versus non-renewable sources like fossil fuels. Examples are given of different machines that convert these energy forms like steam engines, internal combustion engines, steam turbines, and gas engines. The environmental impacts of generating, transmitting, distributing, and using energy are also summarized.

1. ENERGY
BY LUIS ALCALÁ, PAULA MONZÓN AND JESÚS ZAMORA

2. FORMS OF ENERGY
• Kinetic energy: energy caused by the movement of an object
or living thing.
• Potential energy: a force is applied to an object and it change
the form of it.
• Mechanical energy: it is a mixture of potential energy and
kinetic energy.
• Chemical energy: transformation of an object by a chemical
reaction.

3. • Sound energy: energy produced when an object vibrates.
• Thermal energy: energy which depend on its temperature.
• Electrical energy: energy carried by electrons through a
material that conducts electricity.
• Gravitational energy: energy produced by the gravity of the
Earth.

4. • Radiant energy: energy produced by electromagnetic waves.
• Magnetic energy: it is produced by a magnetic field and
causes attraction.
• Nuclear energy: energy which divides the nucleus of atoms
into different parts.
• Elastic energy: energy which change the volume of an object.

5. • Light energy: energy which consits on an electromagnetic
wave which we can detect with the eyes.
• Solar energy: the energy that comes from the light and heat
from the Sun.
• Wind energy: energy that is extracted from the air.
• Hydroelectric energy: energy that is produced by water.

6. EXAMPLES
KINECTIC ENERGY
POTENTIAL
ENERGY

7. MECHANICAL
ENERGY
CHEMICAL
ENERGY

8. SOUND ENERGY
THERMAL
ENERGY

9. ELECTRICAL
ENERGY
GRAVITATIONAL
ENERGY

10. RADIANT
ENERGY
MAGNETIC
ENERGY

11. NUCLEAR
ENERGY
ELASTIC ENERGY

12. LIGHT ENERGY
SOLAR ENERGY

13. WIND ENERGY
HYDROELECTRIC
ENERGY

14. SOURCES
• Renewable sources: they are the ones that come from nature
and they do not run out. Examples: solar energy, wind energy
and hydroelectric energy.
• Non-renewable sources: they cannot renew themselves and
they are extracted by humans. Example: coal, fossil fuels and
oil.

15. RENEWABLE SOURCES
• Advantages: they do not run out, they are easily taken and
they do not contaminate the enviroment.
• Disadvantages: difficult to generate in big quantities and it
depends of the weather.

16. NON-RENEWABLE SOURCES
• Advantages: they are very powerful, easy to transport and
they are very abundant.
• Disadvantages: they do not renew, they contaminate the
enviroment and produce global warming.

17. -Non-renewable energy
sources
• It is a natural resource that does not renew itself , or produce
in the way It quickly is being consumed.
Non-renewable energy sources

18. Fossil Fuels
• Coal: It is used as an energy resource, 1st burn for the
production of electricity or heat, and then for industrial
purposes.

19. • Petroleum: A yellow-black liquid found in geological
formations which is commonly refined into various types of
fuels.

20. • Natural gas : It´s formed when buried plants, gases and
animals are exposed to intense heat and pressure.
- It is a non-renewable energy source because it cannot be
replenished on a human time frame.

21. • Nuclear energy: It is the energy in the nucleus of an atom, and
it is used to make electricity.

22. • Steam engine: It is a heat engine that performs mechanical
work using steam as its working fluid.

23. • - Internal combustion engine: It is an engine where the
combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer.
• - It is produced in the combustion chamber ( intergral part of
the flow of the circuit)

24. • - Steam turbine: It is a device that extracts thermal energy
from pressurized team and uses it to do mechanical works.

25. • Gas engine: It is an internal combustion engine which runs on
a gas fuel, such as coal gas or biogas.

27. •Where it is from?
Energy from sunlight is captured in solar panels and
converted into electricity.
•Advantages
Potentially infinite energy supply
Single dwellings can have own electricity supply.
•Disadvantages
The manufacture of solar panels is very expensive.

28. Wind
•Where is it from?
Wind turbines (modern windmills) turn wind energy into
electricity.
•Advantages
Can be found singularly, but usually many together in wind
farms.
Potentially infinite energy supply.
•Disadvantages
Manufacture of wind farms is also very expensive.
Some local people object to on-shore wind farms, arguing
that it spoils the countryside.

29. Tides
•Where is it from?
The movement of tides drives turbines.
A tidal barrage (a kind of dam) is built across estuaries,
forcing water through gaps.
In future underwater turbines may be possible out at sea
and without dams.
•Advantages
Ideal for an island such as the UK.
Potential to generate a lot of energy.
•Disadvantages
Construction of barrage is very expensive.
Opposed by some environmental groups as having a
negative impact on wildlife.

30. Waves
•Where is it from?
The movement of seawater in and out of a cavity on
the shore compresses trapped air, driving a turbine.
•Advantages
Ideal for an island country.
•Disadvantages
Construction can be costly.
May be opposed by environmental groups.

31. •Where is it from?
In volcanic regions it is possible to use the natural heat of the Earth.
Cold water pumps under ground and comes out as steam.
Steam can be used for heating or to power turbines creating electricity.
•Advantages
Potentially infinite energy supply.
Used successfully in some countries, such as New Zealand and Iceland.
•Disadvantages
Can be expensive to set up and only works in areas of volcanic activity.
Geothermal and volcanic activity might calm down, leaving power
stations redundant.

32. Biomass
• Where is it from?
Decaying plant or animal waste.
An organic material, which can be burned to
provide energy, eg heat, or electricity.
After treatment with chemicals it can be used as a
fuel in diesel engines.
•Advantages
It is a cheap source of energy.
If replaced, biomass can be a long-term, sustainable
energy source.
• Disadvantages
When burned, it gives off atmospheric pollutants,
including greenhouse gases.

33. Water (hydrological
power)
•Where is it from?
Energy harnessed from the movement of water
through rivers, lakes and dams.
•Advantages
Creates water reserves as well as energy supplies.
•Disadvantages
Expensive to build.
Can cause the flooding of surrounding
communities and landscapes.

34. Electrical energy
Generation
Process of generating electric power from other sources of primary energy.
The fundamental principles of electricity generation were discovered by
Faraday during the 1820s.
Transmission
Is the bulk transfer of electric energy, from generating power plants
located near demand centers.
Distribution
The final stage in the delivery of electric power; It carries electricity from
the transmission system to individual consumers.
Distribution
transformer
Power transmission line
Power generator

35. Energy efficiency and saving
•Energy efficiency is the goal to reduce the amount of
energy required to pprovide products and services.
•Energy saving refers to reducing energy consumption
through using less of an energy service

36. Environmentalimpactof the generation,
transmission,distributionand use of energy.
•The environmental impact of electricity generation is
significant because modern society uses large amounts of
electrical power
•The environmental impact of transmission is significant
because it is a major user of energy, and burns most of the
world's petroleum. This creates air pollution.
•The environmental impact of electric distribution is significant
because it is harmful for the animals that live near the
distribution transformers.
•The environmental impact of the energy is diverse. Energy
has been harnessed by human beings for millennia. Initially it
was with the use of fire for light, heat, cooking and for safety. In
recent years there has been a trend towards the increased
commercialization of various renewable energy sources.