This document defines energy and discusses various types of energy including mechanical, electrical, electromagnetic, thermal, nuclear, sound, and chemical energy. It also discusses renewable energy sources like solar, wind, hydraulic, geothermal, and biomass as well as non-renewable sources like petroleum, natural gas, and coal. Finally, it examines different power stations including thermal, nuclear, photovoltaic, wind, and hydraulic stations and some environmental impacts of energy production such as the greenhouse effect, acid rain, oil spills, and nuclear waste.

1. ENERGY
By: Raquel Bañegil and Belén Arias.
2ºA

2. INDEX
- Energy definition.
- Types of energy.
- Energy sources.
- Renewable and non-renewable energy.
- Environmental impact.
- Energy power stations.

3. ENERGY DEFINITION
Energy is the capacity of an object to do a work.
Energy is measured in joules (J) or in kilojoules (kJ).
1000 J = 1 kJ
Heat energy is measured in calories (cal) or
kilocalories (kcal).
1 cal = 4.18 J

4. TYPES OF ENERGY
- Mechanical energy:
- Kinetic energy.
- Potential energy.
- Electrical energy.
- Electromagnetic energy.
- Thermal or calorific energy.
- Nuclear energy.
- Sound energy.
- Chemical energy.

5. MECHANICAL ENERGY
Mechanical energy is the energy related with
movement. There are two types:
- Kinetic energy: When an object is in
movement, it has this type of energy.
- Potential energy: When objects are moved
from itś stable point of equilibrium, they have this
typa of energy.

6. ELECTRICAL ENERGY
It is the energy produced by the elecric current.

7. ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY
Its the energy produced by the electromagnetic
fenomena.

8. SOUND ENERGY
It's the energy produced by the vibrations of the
sound.

9. CHEMICAL ENERGY
It's the energy produced by the stores of
substances by chemical processes.

10. THERMAL ENERGY
It's the energy produced by the
temperature of the objects.

11. NUCLEAR ENERGY
It's the energy produced by the nuclei of
atoms.

12. ENERGY SOURCES
Energy sources are natural resources that
provide different forms of energy. This energy is
transformed for specific uses.

13. RENEWABLE ENERGY
Renewable energy comes from unlimited
natural resources such as the sun, the wind,
the water.

14. Hydraulic energy
Hydraulic energy is the mechanical energy
produced by the movement of water.

15. Solar energy
Solar energis the energy produced by the sun and
it is transformed into electrical energy by
photovoltaic panels.

16. Wind energy
When the wind moves, it makes the wind turbines
move and the wind's kinetic energy is converted
into electricity.

17. Marine energy
-Tidal energy: Can be axtracted from the
everyday rise and fall of the level of the sea
relative to the land.
-Wave energy: Is extracted from the movement
of sea waves.
-Ocean thermal energy: is produced from the
differences between the temperature of the deep
sea and the surface.

18. Geothermal energy
Geothermal energy is energy that comes from the
earth such as the magma emited by a volcano or
the water emited by a geyser.

19. Biomass
It is biological material produced by living beings
such as trees and animals. This material is used
to produce charcoal, biogas and biodiesel.

20. NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY
Non-renewable energy comes from limited natural
sources such us petroleum, natural gas and coal.

21. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Non-renewable energy sometimes causes
environmental problems that are difficult to solve.
Such as:
- Increase greenhouse effect.
- Acid rain.
- Oil spills.
- Nuclear waste.
- Rising water temperature.
- Atmospheric pollution.

22. Greenhouse effect
When we burn fossil fuels, they release carbon
dioxide. This carbon dioxide are stored in the
atmosphere and traps the sun's rays.

23. Acid rain
Acid rain is a kind of precipitation that is caused
by emissions of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and
nitrogen oxides which react with the water
molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids. It
can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic
animals, and infrastructure.The chemicals in acid
rain can cause paint to peel, corrosion of steel
structures such as bridges, and erosion of stone
statues.

24. Nuclear waste
The environmental impact of nuclear power
stations results from the radioactivity of the
nuclear waste that has to be stored in safety
systems, some nuclear accidents that have
ocured are the Chernobyl disaster (1986) and
Fukushima I nuclear accidents (2011).

25. Oil spills
Oil spills happened when people make mistakes
or are careless, and cause an oil tanker to leak oil
into the ocean. It has very bad damages in
animals and plants and many living beings die.

26. Energy power stations
Thermal power station:is a power plant in which
station
heat energy is transformed into electricity.
Firs the water is heated, this water moves spins
and tubines an finally a steam turbine drives it into
an electrical generator

27. Energy power stations
Nuclear power station: is a thermal power
station in which heat energy sources are nuclear
reactors.

28. Energy power stations
Photovoltaic power station: is a power plant in
which solar energy is transformed into electricity
through panels called photovoltaic panels

29. Energy power stations
Wind power station: is a power plant in which
wind energy is transformed into electricity when it
moves the wind turbines.

30. Energy power stations
Hydraulic power station:is a plant in which the
cinetic energy of the water is transformed into
electricity.