This document discusses different topics related to energy: 1. It defines different forms of energy including kinetic, potential, thermal, chemical, electrical, and nuclear energy. 2. It classifies energy sources as primary, secondary, renewable, and non-renewable and provides examples of each type. 3. It describes how thermal energy can be converted into mechanical energy through devices like steam engines, internal combustion engines, steam turbines, and gas engines.

1. Project 3:
ENERGY
By,
Ana Díaz Sánchez
Elena Montoya Villegas
Adrián Muñoz Benavente
Paula Parra García-Bravo

2. STUDENT 1
• Kinetic energy: Motion of a body,
energy is mantained unless speed
is changed.
1.-DIFFERENT FORMS OF ENERGY:
•Potential energy: Stored
energy of an object due to its
position. (SI unit Joule).

3. • Thermal/Heat energy:The energy of a substance related to its
temperature.
• Chemical energy:Stored in the bonds of chemical compounds.
• Electrical energy: Moving electrons in an electric conductor.
Electrical energy
Thermal energy
Chemical energy

4. • Electrochemical energy: Producing electrical energy from chemical one.
• Electromagnetic energy: Energy reflected or emitted, in the form of
magnetic waves that can travel through space (x rays).
• Sound energy: Movement of energy through substances in longitudinal
(compression/rarefaction) waves.

5. • Nuclear energy: The energy in the nucleus (core) of an atom.
• Magnetic energy: (related to electrical energy).
Electrons Wire (wounded metal bar) Electromagnet
Magnetic energy

6. • Gravitational energy: (potential energy) energy an object possesses
because of its position in a gravitational field.
• Elastic energy: (potential mechanical energy) stored in a material as work is
performed to distort its volume or shape.

7. 2.-GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF ENERGY
SOURCES:
• Primary energy sources: Resources in their raw form that need to be
procesed for utilization (mined coal, crude oil, uranium ore).
Advantages:
-Renewable, emits metals.
Disadvantages:
-Emits CO2, contributes to acid rain,
unvailable at times.
•Secondary energy sources: Transformed in a final form of fuels or energy
supply (sized coal, gasoline, petrol).
Advantages:
-Move energy in an useable
form, can be changed of
state.
Disadvantages:
-Derive from primary sources so
they have to be worked.
Petrol

8. • Renewable energy sources: The ones that can not be reduced in a very
long time (solar energy, geothermal energy).
Advantages:
-Constant regenerated, are
always available.
Disadvantages:
-Difficult to generate in large
quantities, large capital cost.
•Non-renewable energy sources: Have finite amounts, they took
millions of years to form (fossil fuels, Earth minerals).
Advantages:
-Seem widely available,
affordable.
Disadvantages:
-They can´t be replaced, they’re
causing damage to our
environment (global warming).

9. Non-Renewable Energy Sources
Non-renewable energy sources are those which come
from nature, but they have finite amounts, they cannot
be replenished.
STUDENT 2

10. Fossil fuels are
• Coal
The type of coal used for electricity is thermal
coal, and it is used for power generation.

11. • Petroleum
Petroleum is used mainly for gasoline and
diesel fuel.
• Natural Gas
Natural gas is used to generate electricity.

12. Transformation of thermal energy into
mechanical
• Also known as energy conversion
• The heat makes pressure and so the hot air,
gets to the gear or wheel that it has to move,
in a very fast and strong way, so it makes it
move.

13. Nuclear Energy
• It is the energy in the nucleous of an atom,
and it is the energy that holds the nucleus
with protons and neutrons together.
• It can be used to make electricity.
• It needs to be released from the atom
• 2 ways: Fussion and fission

15. • Steam Engine
Is a heat engine that moves by mechanical work.
They were first used mainly to power
locomotives, steam boats and factories

16. https://

17. • Internal Combustion Engine
This is the engine used in cars.
Used to convert fuel into motion.
It uses a four-stroke combustion cycle.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KQ8J6CN5gAs#

18. • Steam turbine
Extracts thermal energy and uses it to do
mechanical work.
Works like a cross between a wind turbine and a
water turbine, but it rotates much faster.

19. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AyAd-gLO9CE
•Gas engine (reactor)
Used normally for rockets
Driven by a mixture of air and gas
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dy0kHQASsX8

20.  Renewable energies: are the ones that we can
obtain from the nature.
Technical systems for harnessing :
Solar energy
Wind energy
Water energy
Waves energy
Tides energy
Biomass energy
Earth heat energy
STUDENT 3

21. Solar power is produced by collecting sunlight and
converting it into electricity.electricity.
Mainly done by using, Solar panelsSolar panels wich are
made up of individual solar cells.

24.  With Hydraulic turbinesHydraulic turbines and electricalelectrical
generatorgenerator, we can also obtain electricity.
 It is one of the oldest methods.
 When water moves trough dumsdums, a turbine rotates,
and this makes the electricity generator on.

26.  When we place electric generatorselectric generators, turbines
and water pumpswater pumps in the surface of the ocean , whe
can obtain wave energy, and fresh water.
 The amount of energy given by a wave depends on:
-Its Height
-Its Speed
-Its Wavelenght
-Its Density

28.  This energy is produced by Tidal energy generators,
wich are turbines located underwater.
 Located in places with high tidal movements(Iran)
 This turbines produce electricity when tides make
kinetic motion.

30.  This enegy is obtained for mostly from living
microrganisms, wood is the best.
 We have to “digest” the product, with some
bacteria.This produce biogas.
 We can obtein biofertilizants,
and power for car ( sustitute of
Gasoline).

31.  We obtein this heat directly from the interior of the
earth.
 The mantel is at 4000ºC, and eat is transmited until
the surface.
 You intoduce a high thermal conductor tube into the
Earth surface, and this heat goes till the floor.
 You can use it for heating the floor of the house.

33. •ELECTRICAL ENERGY:
- Derived from electrical potentional energy
- Carried by moving electrons in an electric conductor
STUDENT 4

34.  GENERATION (Thermal, nuclear power plant,
hydroelectric):
Thermal…
- It involves burning fuel to produce hot gasses
- It can also have a steam to produce hot gases
- The steams are connected to generators
Nuclear power plant…
- Designed to produce electric energy
- Fuelded by coal, natural gas, hydroelectric or nuclear
Hydroelectric…
- Aviable in many forms:
Potential energy from high heads of water
Kinetic energy from current in rivers
Kinetic energy from the movement of waves

35.  TRANSMISSION
The mass to transfer electrical energy.
Generated at different generating station.
We need to generate power plants to electrical substations

36. 
DISTRIBUTION
Final stage when transferring electric power
The energy we obtain must be transported to the end user by
electric conductors

37. 
ENERGY AND ENVIROMENT
Energy is very important to society.
It has made the greatest impact on the environment.
Energy and environment have now increased to cover regional and
global problems.
An important objective is to cover the social, economic and political
measurements at local, national and international levels.

38. 
EFFICIENCY:
Ussing less energy to provide the same service.
Energy efficiency is not the same as energy conservation
ENERGY SAVING:
Energy saving means not wasting energy

39. • ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE
GENERATION:
 It is significant because society uses large amounts of electrical
power
 It is generated by power plants
 Power plants converts any kind of energy into electrical power

40. • USE OF ENERGY
 It is usually called energy efficiency.
 It has the goal of reducing an amount of energy to provide products.