This document summarizes different types of energy: - It describes 7 main types of energy - kinetic, gravitational potential, thermal, chemical, electric, light, and sound energy. - It then focuses on non-renewable energy sources like fossil fuels, their formation, and uses. Nuclear energy and the processes of nuclear fusion and fission are also discussed. - Renewable energy sources like solar, wind, biomass, water, geothermal, tidal, and wave energy are defined and examples of how each is harnessed and transformed are provided.

1. PROJECT 3: ENERGY
Javier Medina, Daniel Navarro, Helena Román and Abigail Sánchez.

2. Energy
• Energy is the capacity to do something : (Measured in Joules)
-Kinetic energy
-Gravitational potencial energy
-Thermal energy
-Chemical energy
-Electric energy
-Light energy
-Sound energy

3. Kinetic energy
• Energy produced by the movement of an object.
Depends on its mass and velocity. Ex: A plane
- More force higher speed more kinetic energy.
-Can be transformed into other forms of energy.
Formula:

4. Gravitational potential energy
• Energy of an object its height above the ground.
-Depends on its mass and the distance till the ground. Ex: Rollercoaster
Formula:

5. Thermal energy
• Energy related to the temperature and the movement of that object.
Temperature Speed
-Transmited by Radiation
Conduction Convection
-Can be transformed into mechanical, electrical energy. Ex : Thermal
pannels.(Into electrical energy)

6. Chemical energy
• Energy taken from chemical reactions of an object.
• Transformed into other energy such as Light energy.
Heat energy . Electric energy.
Ex : Battery (Electric energy)

7. Electric energy
• Energy created by an electric current.
- Easy to transmit .
- Electricy produce by the movement of electrons.
- Final products of power plants.
- Ex : Power plants

8. Ligth energy
• Energy taken by the ligth. Obtained from the sun
-Transformed into Heat energy(Heat water)
Electrical energy (Electricity in houses)
-Ex: Photovoltaic solar pannels ( Electric energy)

9. Sound energy
• Energy taken from sound waves( Not travel in vaccum)
When an object vibrate
Less power than other types of energy
Ex: Any vibrating object.

10. General classification of energy sources
• Primary (Nature) Solar, Wind, Biomass, Fosil Fuel Oil, Nuclear,
Geothermal, Coal , Natural Gas and Hydropower.
• Secondary (Not nature) Hydrogen , Electricity.
Obtained using primary sources.

11. Non-Renewable
• Advantages: Disadvantages:
-Continuous production -Limited
-Easy to manipulate -Harmful wastes ( Radioactive)
-Lower cost -Pollutant
-No emission of dangerous gases -Enviromental problems in
to the enviroment case of accident.

12. Renewable
• Advantages: Disadvantages:
-Unlimited - High cost
-Can be replaced -Unvailable(Difficult to manipulate)
- Main economic activity
of some countries
-Anti-pollutant

13. PART 2

14. Non-Renewable energy sources
• Non-renewable energy is energy from fossil fuels (coal, crude
oil, natural gas)
• Fossil Fuels are mainly made up of Carbon.

15. Use of fossil fuels
• They come from organic material (animal and vegetable)
that has undergone a process of fossilization.
For this reason, and because they release energy when burned, they
are called fossil fuels.

16. Petroleum formation
• Is formed on a marine environment rich in plankton and other
organisms.
When these organisms die deposited on the
seabed
- Due to pressure and heat applied for 500 million of years, it is
transformed into petroleum.

17. • Used for:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NjyDTVb7Vpw

18. Coal formation
• It is formed on a land environment rich in trees and plants.
- Remains of these vegetables are buried
-Due to the pressure and heat exerted over 500 million years, they are
converted into coal.
It´s also a consequence of the fossilization process of dead organic
material.

19. • Used for:
http://www.oresomeresources.com/media_centre_view/resou
rce/video_uses_of_coal/category/mining_videos/section/medi
a/parent/

20. Gas formation
• Is made from fossilized organic material.(using energy from the Sun)

21. • Used for:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KT8CkDRFKnM

22. Nuclear energy
• Is energy in the nucleus of an atom.
• There is enormous energy in the bonds that hold atoms together.
- Nuclear energy can be used to make electricity.
-Electricity can be released from atoms nuclear fusion
nuclear fission

24. *Nuclear fusion:
-Energy is released when atoms are combined or fused together to
form a larger atom how the sun produces energy

25. *Nuclear fission:
- Atoms are split apart to form smaller atoms, releasing energy
Nuclear power plants use nuclear fission to produce electricity.

26. • Used for:
https://www.google.es/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=video&cd=
7&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CDoQtwIwBg&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yo
utube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DVJfIbBDR3e8&ei=pLroVLKOHsrxUIvHg6A
J&usg=AFQjCNEUSytk4_ZT33eMJjthoX9f73MRnQ

27. Transformation of thermal energy into mechanical
• Different machines involving this process:
steam engine
internal combustion engine
steam turbine
gas engine

28. Steam engine
• Is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as
its working fluid.
• Composed of heat source
boilers
motor units
cold sink
water pump
monitoring and control
governor

30. Internal combistion engine
• is an engine where the combustion of a fuel occurs with air in
a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid
flow circuit.
• The first commercially successful internal combustion engine was
created by Étienne Lenoir around 1859 and the first modern internal
combustion engine was created in 1864 by Siegfried Marcus.

32. Steam turbine
• A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from
pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating
output shaft.
• Its modern manifestation was invented by Sir Charles Parsons in 1884.

33. Gas engine
• A gas engine is an internal combustion engine which runs on a gas
fuel, such as coal gas, producer gas, biogas, landfill gas or natural gas.

34. RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
• Renewable: Sources for which the rate of consumption is lower tan
the rate of production.
Sun,Heat,Wind,Waves,Biomass,tides and water.

35. Solar energy
Tidal energy Biomass energy
Wind Energy
Waves energy Water energy
Earth’s
heat
energy

36. •SOLAR ENERGY:
 It transforms sun rays into energy
It is the most abundant renewable energy source
It produces more energy that the one we consume
 We extract this energy by solar panels

37. How does solar panels work:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
ZdrMO40ufmY&feature=player_det
ailpage

38. •WIND ENERGY:
 It temperature variates
 It is obtained by windmills
 The energy tha the wind produces is made by the sun

39. How does windmills work:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
YCpGQ_aMb7I

40. •BIOMASS:
Used for the production of termal and kinetic energy
 It refers to biological material from living things.
The energy can be obtained by three different processes:
 Fermentation of plants
 Fermentation of rubbish
 Pyrolysis

41. How does biomass energy done:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=Euz9DSYTxUo&feature=player_det
ailpage

42. •WATER ENERGY:
 It is obtained when rains appear
 It is algo obtained from reservoirs and dams
 With this energy, the hydrocentral factories can function

43. How to obtain water energy:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
Jh_wUV1ZOCQ

44. •GEOTHERMAL ENERGY:
 This energy comes from the interior of the earth
 It can be produced by volcanos and from thermal wáter
 This regulated the earth’s temperature

45. •TIDAL ENERGY:
It is the gravitational attraction between the Moon and the Surface of
the Earth
 This energy is taken thanks to the moon, which cause the wáter
moves
 It is obtained by tides

46. How does tidal energy taken
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
ZPi9HeDgN58

47. •WAVES ENERGY:
This movement is made by the wind energy, which moves the waves
in the sea