energy

1. PROJECT 3
UNIT 5 - ENERGY
By: Marina Díaz Hernando, María Osuna Galisteo,
Julia Serrano García, Adrián Utrera Vigo.

2. STUDENT 1
• Explain all types of forms of energy:
• -We say that energy means capacity, so it has the ability to make a
system work.
• The main types of energy are:
 Kinetic energy: Is the energy of motion.
• Types:
• Vibrational: (energy that has vibration)
- Rotational: (rotational energy)
- Translational: (energy that moves from one location to another)

3.  Gravitational Potentional energy: energy that have height above
the ground.
 Thermal or caloric energy: consists of the internal temperature of
an object.
 Chemical energy: this is the energy of an object due to its chemical
structure.

4.  Electric energy: energy that come from the electrical potentional
current that consist of a flow of electrons.
 Light energy: it comes from the energy of light, for example from
the sun.
 Sound energy: it is related with the
vibration of the matter.

5. Generalclassification ofenergysources: renewable
and non-renewable. Mention advantagesand
disadvantagesof everygroup.
- Energy sources are elements that can be captured and
transformed.
Primary energy sources: They can be found in nature.
For example: sun, wind, coal, petroleum, gas, uranium, etc.
Secondary energy sources: They can not be found in nature,
so they are produced by undergoing a process from the
primary source.
For example: gasoline, electricity and hydrogen.

6. Renewable Energy sources: it comes from the sun, wind,
waves etc.
- Advantages: it is sustainable and never rans out, energy that
facilities less maintenance than generators.
- Disadvantages: it is difficult to generate the quantities of
electricity and the reliability.
 Non Renewable Energy sources: is a resource that does not
renew itself at a sufficient rate.
- Advantages: they are widely available and affordable, they
have a supply that makes money and pays workers.
- Disadvantages: pollution grows greater, so it damages de
enviroment.

8. STUDENT 2
• Non-renewable energy sources. Use of fossil
fuels: coal, petroleum and gas. Nuclear energy.
- Non-renewable energy sources: energy that
appears on nature that has overtake millions of
years to create.

9. Use of fossil fuels:
- Coal: black sedimentary rock. It come basically
from the energy of the Sun.
- Petroleum: it is form between the layers of the
Earth’s crust.
It is mainly used to produce plastics, petrol, diesel,
etc.

10. - Gas: it is composed of methane, from the remains
of animals and plants. It grow using the Sun
energy.
Nuclear energy: is the energy that the particles
of an atomic nucleus contains inside. The released
energy can be divided in two forms:

11. - Nuclear fussion: when the atoms are released together to form a
bugger atom.
 Nuclear fission: when the atoms are separated to form smaller
ones.
The nuclear reactions: it involve some transformations in the
nucleus of the atom.

12. Transformation of thermal energy into mechanical.
Machines: steam engine, internal combustion engine,
steam turbine and gas engine (reactor).
The transformation of thermal energy is the process of
changing one different form of energy to another one.
Energy is mainly used in natural processes or making
mechanical work to operate machines.
The main machines are:
• Steam engine: it is an engine that produces heat and make
mechanical work to operate making use of the steam.

13. • Internal combustion engine: it is an engine that
works by burning the fuel that it is located inside
the engine.

14. • Steam turbine: it is a turbine that extracts the
thermal energy.
• Gas engine: it is an engine that consists on a gas
fuel, such as producer gas, coal gas, landfill gas,
biogas and natural gas.

15. STUDENT THREE
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
SUN
It has several applications:
• Production of hot water for
houses.
• Solar ovens.
• To create electric energy
(photovoltaic or solar panels
are used.)
These panels are covered with
solar cells which covert sunlight
directly into electricity.
They are organised in solar
farms.

16. WIND
Wind turbines (modern windmills) transform wind into
electricity.
1. When the wind blows, the blades turn.
2. The blades turn at an axis inside the generator.
3. The generator produces an electrical current caused by the
rotation.
Wind turbines are located in
groups called wind farms.

17. WATER
1. Water from rivers is kept in a reservoir.
2. It is then released at a certain speed for it to turn a turbine.
3. This generates electricity.

18. WAVES
1. A water wave gets into an air chamber located in a cavity on
the shore.
2. When water level rises, water drives some turbines which
are connected to a generator.
3. An electric current is produced in the generator.

19. TIDES
To transform tidal energy into electrical energy:
1. When the tide rises, water gets inside a dike.
2. The doors are closed when the tide is at its highest level.
3. When the tide falls, water is moved through some turbines.
4. Water makes the turbines to turn and so, an electric current
is produced.

20. BIOMASS
Firewood, agricultural waste, forest waste,etc. (organic
matter).
They are processed to obtain other materials that can
generate energy:
• Burned - to produce heat or
electricity (this produces less
gasses than coal).
• Fermented -to produce fuels
like ethanol.
• Digested by bacteria –to
create methane.
• Heated under special
conditions - to get products such as diesel, gasoline or chemicals.
Biomass is normally used as fuel in power plants.

21. EARTH HEAT ENERGY
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY = Energy from inside the Earth
It can be used to:
• Heat water to produce steam and
generate electricity (in geothermal
power plants).
• To heat water to be used at home.
To transform geothermal energy
into electric energy:
1. Water flows through a pipe on the Earth.
2. Because of the heat it transforms into steam.
3. The steam turns a turbine.
4. This moves the generator that produces an electrical current.
5. A transformer adapts the current for it to be used.
6. The steam cools down and transforms into water which is stored.

22. STUDENT FOUR
• Electrical energy : Generation , transmission and
distribution
-The energy generation is obtained by electric power stations
that change energies into electrical energy . You can obtain
electrical energy in diferent plants like Thermal plants ,
Hydroelectric plants and Nuclear powe plants.

23. THERMAL
• Thermal plants, follows a easy way that consist in use the
calorific energy and transforms energies into electrical
energy
- the process consist of : using the heat of sources , we use
that energy to make the water , water vapour . The water
vapour moves a turbine that transforms that energy into
electrical energy .

24. Thermical plant

25. Hydroelectric
• Hydroelectric power plants make a very easy procediment
that consist of use the kineitc energy from the falling water
that moves a turbin and this turbin transforme it into electric
energy.

27. Nuclear Power plant
• In the Nuclear , the electrical energy it is obtained by the
separation of atoms , this reaction is called nuclear fussion .
• When the uranium separates , the neutrons give heat .
• This causes radioactive waste very harmful to the enviroment
.

29. Transmission and distribution
• The electric energy has a price because people had worked
and the energy is transported to our home . The price
depends on contracted power and consuption.
- The contracted power is the maximun energy that we can use in a specific
time .
- The consuption is the amount of electricity we use .

30. Energy and enviroment
• EFFICIENCY AND ENERGY SAVING :
The non-renewable energy sources are running off and they
leave radioactive waste , thats because we have to use only the
energy we need .
- Saving :we do not have to use the energy we do not need .
- Efficiency : Use applicances that consumes less energy .

31. • ENVIROMENTAL IMPACT OF THE GENERATION ,
TRANSMISSION , DISTRIBUTION AND THE USE OF ENERGY:
The non-renewable energy sources give problems like :
- Waste products
- Pollution
- No more energy supplies
- Energy is lost