The document discusses various forms of renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources include solar, wind, hydroelectric, tidal, geothermal, and wave energy, which can replenish themselves naturally. Non-renewable sources are fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, and natural gas, as well as nuclear energy, which are being depleted at a rate faster than they can be replenished. The advantages of renewable sources are that they are sustainable, but their energy production can fluctuate. Non-renewable sources provide abundant energy but produce pollution and greenhouse gases and will run out.

1. ENERGY

2. Forms of Energy
Kinetic energy:
 Is the energy that is in motion . The force made on an
 Most important property is it ability to do work oobject in the direction of
 motion
 The amount of Kinetic energy that an object have depends in the mass of motion
and in the speed in which the mass go.
 There are 3 forms of kinetic energy:
 Vibrational
 The Kinetic energy is compute by this Rotational
 equation: KE= 1/2 · m · v2 Translational

3.  Potential energy:
 It stored the energy of an object .
 It measures the capacity to do work.
 There are two types of potential energy.
1st: Gravitational potential energy
 Stored energy due to the height and weight of an object
 The energy is stored as the result of the gravitational attraction of the Earth in the
object
 Any object that is situated at any height has gravitational potential energy
 The Gravitational potential energy of an object is calculated by this formula:
PEgrav: mass· g·height

4. 2nd: Elastic Potential Energy
 Energy stored in elastic materials as the result of their stretching or compressing.
 This energy can be stored in rubber, trampolines, an arrow drawn into a bow, etc.
 Its formula is : PEspring: 0,5 · k · x2
Mechanical energy:
 Is the energy that an object possess due
to its position or motion
 An object that possesses mechanical
energy is able to do work
 It is measured with this formula
ME=PE+KE

5.  Magnetic energy
 Is the energy produced by metals when are attracted or repelled each other
 Thermal energy
 It is the energy of an object due to the movement of its
particle
 This movement of the particles caused the temperature.
 The faster the particles moves, the higher the temperature

6.  Chemical energy:
 It is the energy stored in the chemical compounds( internal structure of atoms and
molecules)
 It can be transformed into other types of energy by chemical reactions
Examples: Biomass
Petroleum
Coal
 Electrical energy:
 It is the energy produced by charged particles in an electric field
 This energy is caused by the movements of electrons.
 It is the most used form of energy

7.  Sound energy
 It is caused by a vibrating object
 This vibration can cause waves that travel through the
gases, liquids and solids
 It is measured in decibels
 Light energy:
 This energy is produced by the movement of Photons which are the particles that
form the light
 It is a type of electromagnetic radiation, and it can be also emitted by very hot objects
like the Sun.

8.  Energy is divided in two groups
Renewable Non-renewable
energy energy

9. Renewable energy: Advantage and Disadvantage
Advantage:
 It is energy that has been obtained from natural resources, such as:
sunlight wind tides geothermal heat wood
 They are constant and can quickly replenish themselves,
also called infinite energy resources
 It is a clean energy not contributed to: Greenhouse effects
Climate changes
 About the 19 percent of our energy consumption comes from this energy.

10.  It is cheaper than the other energies
required less maintenance in their plants
 More jobs are created to manufactured this energy
 Disadvantage:
solar
 Energies like wind depend on the weather, and not always obtained
tides
the same amount of energy

11.  The energy produced by renewable energies is much lower than
the amount of energy produced by non-renewable energy
 The construction cost of renewable energy plants is very high,
and sometimes destroyed the environment, like dams

12. AdvantageEnergy Disadvantage
Solar: energy
from the sunlight
capture by solar
panels
•Due to it comes from the
sun it is unlimited
•It does not cause pollution
•Solar panels are very
expensive
•Solar energy can only be
stored during the day
Wind :it uses the
power of the wind
to produce
electricity by wind
turbines
•Once they are built they
do not produce pollution
•The wind is free and the
new technologies
captures it more
efficiently
•Due to the wind is not
constant, it does not
produce the same
amount of electricity all
the time
•Wind turbines are noisy
•When they are
manufactured the
produce some pollution

13. Energy Advantage Disadvantage
Hydroelectric: it
is the energy from
the movements of
river, lakes etc.
•Dams created energy
supplies and water
reserves
•Dams lasted for many
years
•Dams are very expensive
to built
•The construction of dams
can caused geographical
problems and destroyed
the natural environment
Tidal: it is the
energy from the
movement of the
tides
•It is an unlimited source
of energy
•It does not produce
greenhouse effects
•Due to around of the
70% of the planet surface
is water, it produce very
big amount of energy
•The construction of tidal
barrage is very expensive
•It can only stored energy
when there are tides
•It has negative effects in
the underwater wildlife

14. Energy Advantage Disadvantage
Biomass: it is the
energy from
plants and
animals
•It is a cheap and
abundant source of
energy
•Helps slow down the
used of fossil fuels
•It produced some
greenhouse effects when
is burned
•It is only a renewable
source of energy if the
crops are replanted
Geothermal: it is
the energy
obtained from the
hot rocks inside
the earth
•Only from a few places
we can obtained this
energy, and are usually far
from cities
•The supply of this
energy is constant and it
has no limits
•This energy is not very
expensive to maintain

15. Energy Advantage Disadvantage
Wave:
•It is an unlimited source
of energy
•It does not created
pollution
•The amount of energy
produce by waves is very
big
•Wave power plant can
damage the marine
ecosystem
•The construction is very
expensive

16.  Solar energy
 Wind energy
 Hydroelectric energy

17.  Tidal energy
 Geothermal energy
 Wave energy

18. Non-renewable energy: Advantage and
Disadvantage
 Advantage:
 Fossil fuel like carbon is very abundant and produced a lot of energy
 Technologies used for extracting fossil fuels are very develop
 Power plants are cheap to maintain
and non-renewable energy is easy to transport
 Disadvantage:
 They produced a lot of pollution and greenhouse effects
 They are not unlimited, and will run out some day
 Leaks of natural gas can be very dangerous because it is very difficult detected and
can caused explosions
 Nuclear power plant are very expensive to built and maintain and can produce
radiation

19.  The extraction of coal can be dangerous for the miner, because
inhale coal dust can cause cancer
 Due to the are limited they will become more a more expensive

20. Non-renewable energy
 Fossil Fuels
Energy Advantage Disadvantage
Coal: it is a form of
non-renewable energy
that is natural and
comes from the Earth.
•It produce a lot of
energy
•There are very big
amounts of coal in the
world
•It is the cheaper
sources of non-
renewable energies
•It cannot be made.
•It surplus has a limit.
•It produce a lot of carbon
emissions and pollution
that are not good for the
environment
•Underground coal
mining can be dangerous

21. Energy Advantage Disadvantage
Petroleum: it is a form
of non-renewable
energy.The word
petroleum means “rock
oil” as it is literally a liquid
that can be found within
the rocks.
•It is easy to transform
because it is a liquid.
•It produced a lot of
energy
•It is easy to extract
because the technologies
used for extracting it are
well develop
•It is a limited sources of
energy, and due to its
massive used, it is
thought that will run out
in the coming decades
•The extraction of
petroleum caused
greenhouse effects.

22. Energy Advantage Disadvantage
Natural gas : it is a form
of non-renewable
energy. It is mixture of
different gases especially
methane.
•It caused less damage to
the environment than
the other 2 fossil fuels
•It is easy to stored and
transport
•It is the most abundant
fossil fuels
•Leaks of this gas can be
very dangerous because
it is very difficult
detected and can caused
explosions
•When it is burned it
produced greenhouse
effects

23.  Other type of non-renewable energy
Energy Advantage Disadvantage
Nuclear energy: It
is the energy found in
the nucleus of the
atoms. It can be
obtained by 2 ways
nuclear fusion, and
nuclear fission
•This energy does
not produce carbon
emissions
•It produce huge
amounts of energy
•It produced
radiation
•The construction
and the maintenance
of nuclear power
plants is very
expensive

24.  Nuclear power plant
 Petroleum
 Coal

25. STUDENT 2

26. NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
 Sources that the rate
of consumption is
than the rate of production.
Ej: ORANIUM, COAL, GAS,
PETROLEUM

27. FOSSIL FUELS.
 Coal: grew using ENERGY from SUN.
Comes from fossilized organic material

28.  Gas: grew using ENERGY from SUN.
Comes from fossilized organic material

29.  Petroleum: grew using ENERGY from SUN.
Comes from fossilized organic material

30. NUCLAR ENERGY
 Is made by manufacturing atoms.
 We can obtained by:
. Division of nucleus
. Union of 2 atoms

31. TRANSFORMATION FROM THERMAL
TO MECHANICAL
 We use different machines:
.Steam engine . internal combustion engine

32. .Steam turbine: Gas engine:

33. STUDENT 3 RENEWABLE ENERGY
SOURCES

34.  Renewable energy sources it is the consumption is lower than the rate of the
production.
We have different types of renewable energy sources:
The waves the sun the tides the wind the biomass the water
The Earth heat

35.  The Sun The solar energy comes from the sun.
And it is one of the most important source of renewable energy.
We can use the sun energy in different electronic things :
solar panels Windmills Clocks

36.  TheWind: Is also another important energy sources.
The wind can moves when it is different changes of temperature
. caused by the sun.
So the energy that produces the wind is created by the sun.
 The Earth Heat: It is the beneath of the Earth’s crust.
With the earth heat we can have high temperatures in some places ,
because of the solar radiation it can have and comes to the earth.

37.  TheWaves The movement that makes the waves are created by the wind , so like
energy comes from the sun , waves also do the same.
 TheWater We can find water when the rain appears, because of the heat that the
. sun creates.
So when it rains and the sun heats the ground the water from rivers
and seas are evaporated.

38.  TheTides It is the gravitational attraction between the Moon and the surface of
the Earth.
 The Biomass It is the biological material that come from living things.
Or it can also come from plants.