The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Basic Introduction to the vast science of the endocrine glands and their interactions. A brief review into the physiological processes that result in endocrine disorders.
Basic Introduction to the vast science of the endocrine glands and their interactions. A brief review into the physiological processes that result in endocrine disorders.
Cortisol- Synthesis, Regulation, Physiological actions, Disorders I Adrenal I...HM Learnings
Cortisol- Synthesis, Regulation, Physiological actions, Disorders I Adrenal I Endocrine Physiology
This video will be about the following
1. Cortisol
2. Synthesis
3. Regulation
4. Mechanism of action
5. Physiological action
6. Clearance
7. Disorders
You can also watch the same topic on HM Learnings Youtube channel.
You can also follow HM Learnings on facebook, instagram and twitter for daily updates
The presentation include basics like adrenal gland and functions. Synthesis of glucocorticoids, details of glucocorticoid receptor, Human Glucocorticoid Receptor ultra structure, and domains. The presentation give special preference to its receptor signaling and and biological effects,
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), parathormone or parathyrin, is secreted by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands as a polypeptide containing 84 amino acids. It acts to increase the concentration of calcium (Ca2+) in the blood, whereas calcitonin (a hormone produced by the parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid gland) acts to decrease calcium concentration. PTH acts to increase the concentration of calcium in the blood by acting upon the parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (high levels in bone and kidney) and the parathyroid hormone 2 receptor (high levels in the central nervous system, pancreas, testis, and placenta).PTH half-life is approximately 4 minutes. It has a molecular mass of 9.4 kDa.
Cortisol- Synthesis, Regulation, Physiological actions, Disorders I Adrenal I...HM Learnings
Cortisol- Synthesis, Regulation, Physiological actions, Disorders I Adrenal I Endocrine Physiology
This video will be about the following
1. Cortisol
2. Synthesis
3. Regulation
4. Mechanism of action
5. Physiological action
6. Clearance
7. Disorders
You can also watch the same topic on HM Learnings Youtube channel.
You can also follow HM Learnings on facebook, instagram and twitter for daily updates
The presentation include basics like adrenal gland and functions. Synthesis of glucocorticoids, details of glucocorticoid receptor, Human Glucocorticoid Receptor ultra structure, and domains. The presentation give special preference to its receptor signaling and and biological effects,
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), parathormone or parathyrin, is secreted by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands as a polypeptide containing 84 amino acids. It acts to increase the concentration of calcium (Ca2+) in the blood, whereas calcitonin (a hormone produced by the parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid gland) acts to decrease calcium concentration. PTH acts to increase the concentration of calcium in the blood by acting upon the parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (high levels in bone and kidney) and the parathyroid hormone 2 receptor (high levels in the central nervous system, pancreas, testis, and placenta).PTH half-life is approximately 4 minutes. It has a molecular mass of 9.4 kDa.
http://positivetranceformations.com.au/blog/the-five-stages-of-grief-2/ According to Dr Kübler-Ross, there are five well-defined stages in the grief process, all of which are important parts of the way that we react to the inevitable loss that life brings. If we are unable to express grief during any stage of the process, the grief can become blocked or bottled up, and will need to be released later.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Hormones lect/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academyIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Endocrinal system /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
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Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
12. DISORDERS CAUSED BY PITUITARY
GLAND DYSFUNCTION
• Malfunction result from tumor growth ,
interference with circulation to the gland ,
trauma , inflammation , structural
abnormalities etc.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
14. Assessment :
Dental point of view
• Teeth may be crowded in a small jaw
• Teeth may erupt late.
• Face appears infantile , because the
mandible is recessed and immature.
• The nose is usually small.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
15. General view :
• Child remain short.
• Childs voice may be high pitched.
• There is delayed onset of genital growth.
Therapeutic management :
• GH is administrated in a dose of 0.07-0.1
IU/kg/day (sc) until appropriate growth is attained.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
16. PITUITARY GIGANTISM
• Is an overproduction of GH before the
epiphyseal lines of the long bones have
closed may cause excessive growth.
• Caused by anterior pituitary tumor.
(adenoma)
www.indiandentalacademy.com
17. Assessment :
Dental point of view :
• Spacing of teeth & large lower jaw.
• Mandibular prognathism.
• Enlargement of nasal & condylar cartilages.
• Scalloping of the lateral margins of the tongue.
• Tongue may enlarge disproportionatly.
• Thickening of skin with accentuation of skin falls.
• Roots may be longer than normal.
• Mandibular teeth usually tipped to buccal /labial
side – enlargement of tongue.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
18. Tests :
• Skull radiographs confirm enlargement of
the sella turcica .
• Oral radiographs- hypercementosis &
increase in size of jaw.
• Glucose tolerance test & growth hormone
levels.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
19. Treatment :
• Tumor- surgery to remove tumor or cryosurgery is
the primary treatment.
• If no tumor is present- irradiation.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
21. DISORDERS OF POSTERIOR
PITUITARY GLAND
Diabetes insipidus
• Types- neurogenic DI & nephrogenic DI.
Neurogenic DI :
• Results from hyposecretion of ADH.
• Usually caused by a brain tumor , head
trauma or brain surgery that damage the
post.piutuitary gland the hypothalamic para
ventricular & supra optic nuclei.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
22. Nephrogenic DI :
• Kidneys don’t respond to ADH or
• The ADH receptors may be non functional.
Symptoms :
• Bed wetting is common in affected children.
• Excretion of large volume of urine with resulting
dehydration & thirst.
• Dry mouth.
• In severe cases- patient may die of dehydration.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
23. Treatment :
Neurogenic DI :-
Treated by hormone replacement either sc injection
or nasal spray application of ADH analogues
(desmopressin / hypressin) is effective.
Nephrogenic DI :-
• Treatment difficult & complex .
• Restriction of salt in the diet & paradoxically
some diuretic drugs are helpful.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
26. DISORDERS OF THYROID
GLAND
CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM
(CRETINISM) :
• Thyroid hypofunction causes reduced production
of both T4 & T3 occurs as a result of an absent or
nonfunctioning thyroid gland.
• Prevalence- 1: 4,000 births.
• This condition may not be noticeable initially ,
because the mother’s thyroid hormone maintain
adequate level in fetus during pregnancy.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
27. Assessment :
Dental point of view :
• Dentition is delayed.
• Teeth may be defective when they erupt.
• Protruding tongue in children.
• Enlarged lips.
• Flattened bridge of nose.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
28. General view :
• Parents may report as child sleeps
excessively.
• Overall body temperature is subnormal
because of slow metabolism.
• Child’s neck becomes short & thick.
• Extremities are short with hypotonic
muscles.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
29. Diagnostic investigations :
• X –ray studies for bone age & presence of
epiphyseal dysgenesis , numerous fragmented foci
of ossification mostly in the head of femur.
• Serum cholesterol is elevated esp children beyond
2 yrs.
• Neonates – 50- 100mg/dl , infants-100-
125mg/dl.;1-5 yrs of age- 150-200 mg/dl.
• Plasma TSH levels are high.
• T3 &T4 levels are decreased.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
30. Treatment :
• Drug of choice :- synthetic levothyroxin
(eltroxin ).
• Dose :- 5- 10 micro gram/kg/day in case of
patient beyond 1 yr of age.
• In case of neonates & infants – 10-
15microgm/kg/day.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
31. Precautions :
• Periodic monitoring of T4 & T3 will help to
ensure an appropriate medication dosage.if
the dose is too high , the T4 level will rise
& the child will show signs of
hyperthyroidism.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
32. • Is the most common form of acquired
hypothyroidism in childhood.
• Age of onset- 10- 11 yrs & there may be family
history of thyroid disease.
Assessment :
• In infants , congenital goiter can lead to airway
obstruction.
• In children the condition leads to obesity , lethargy
, and delayed sexual development .
• In childhood- nodular thyroid is usually benign &
there is possibility to thyroid malignancy.
THYROIDITIS (Hashimotos disease)
www.indiandentalacademy.com
33. Diagnosis :
• For diagnosis , children are administered
radioactive iodine .
• If the nodes are benign , there is generally a rapid
uptake of radioactive iodine (hot nodes).
• If there is no uptake (cold nodes ) ,carcinoma is
more likely diagnosis,rare at this age.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
34. Therapeutic management :
• Sodium levothyroxin .
• With adequate dosage the obesity will
diminish & growth will begin again.
• It is important that the disease be
recognised as early as possible so that there
is time to stimulate growth before the
epiphyseal lines close at puberty.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
36. HYPERTHYROIDISM (GRAVES
DISEASE)
• More frequently hyperthyroidism &
thyrotoxicosis in children are caused by an
autoimmune reaction that results in
production of IgG which stimulates the
thyroid gland.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
37. Assessment :
• Children experience nervousness.
• Loss of muscle strength.
• BP & pulse are increased.
• Alwys hungry & they eat constantly and do not
gain wt and may even lose wt because of increased
metabolic rate.
• Thyroid gland appears swollen on the anterior part
of neck in children confirmed by ultrasound.
• When the child protrudes tongue or extends the
hands – fine tremors.
• Lab tests- elevated T4 & T3 .
www.indiandentalacademy.com
38. Therapeutic management :
• 1st
course – beta adrergic blocking agents
(propranolol) to decrease antibody
response.
• After this antithyroid drugs – propyl
thiouracil /methemazole to suppress the
formation of thyroxin.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
39. GOITER
Etiologic factors :
• Grave’s disease , iodine deficiency ,
dyshormonogenesis , autoimmune or infiltrative
thyroid disease or neoplasia.etc.
*congenital goiter :
Ingestion of antithyroid drugs or iodine or other
goitrogens during pregnancy or due to an inborn
biosynthetic defects.
Treatment :
• Thyroid hormone is helpful & indicated to avoid
progression to a large multinodular goiter.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
42. Hypoparathyroidism :
History :
• Thyroid surgery with concurrent remaoval
of parathyroid gland.
• Radiation therapy to thyroid region .
• Idiopathy.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
43. Symptoms :
• Discoloured teeth & delayed eruption due to the
reduced serum calcium.
• Symptoms of tetany may occur ,with numbness &
tingling of the arms and legs together with facial
twitching.
• Severly mottled teeth due to enamel hypoplasia.
• Candidiasis.
• Radiographs reveals delayed eruption & shortened
roots.
• In hypoparathyroidism following surgery or
radiotherapy- no abnormal dental findings.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
45. Hyperparathyroidism :
History :-
• Primary- caused by an adenoma or rarely a
carcinoma of the parathyroid gland.
• Secondary- due to low serum calcium , the result
of renal disease.
• Tertiary- result of prolonged secondary disease.
Oral symptoms :
• Swellings on gums which are usually painless
(epulides).
www.indiandentalacademy.com
46. Diagnostic tests :
Primary & tertiary hyperparathyroidism:-
• Serum calcium levels are raised.
• Serum phosphate may be normal/ decreased.
Secondary hyperparathyroidism:-
• Serum calcium levels are normal / decreased.
• Serum phosphate levels are normal or increased in
renal failure.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
50. DISORDERS OF ADRENAL
GLANDS
Acute adrenocortical insuffiency
• In this case the entire cortical adrenal gland
function suddenly becomes insufficient.
• Generally it occurs in association with
infection in which there is hemorrhagic
destruction of the adrenal glands.
• Seen most commonly in meningococcemia.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
51. Assessment –
• Blood pressure drops to extremely low levels.
• Temperature is elevated.
• Dehydration and hypoglycemia are marked.
• Sodium and chloride blood levels will be very
low.
• But serum potassium will be elevated.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
52. TREATMENT-
• Immediate replacement of cortisol ( I/V) and
deoxycorticosterone acetate (D.O.C.A.).
• Vasopressor may be necessary to elevate the
blood pressure.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
53. CUSHING’S SYNDROME
• Caused by the over production of adrenal
hormone ( cortisol ) which may result from
benign increase ACTH production .
• But generally it is associated with the malignant
tumor of adrenal cortex.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
55. ASSESSMENT
• Elevated plasma cortisol and
• Increased urinary free-cortisol levels
THERAPEUTIC-MANAGEMENT
• Surgical removal- causative tumor
• Cortisol therapy indefinitely- if a major part of
adrenal gland is surgically removed.
PRECAUTION
• Following surgery,the child must be observed
carefully for signs of shock bcoz the adrenal gland
has been removed. Without epinephrine from the
adrenal gland,the body’s ability to maintain B.P. is
severely compromisedwww.indiandentalacademy.com
56. PINEAL GLAND
• It is attached to the roof of 3rd
ventricle.
• Secretes melatonin , which is thought to
promote sleepiness.
• Melatonin is secreted in a diurnal rhythm
that is linked to the dark –light cycle, with
highest secretion during darkness.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
57. REFERENCES
• PRINCIPLES OF ANATOMY &
PHYSIOLOGY- TORTORA-8TH
EDITION.
• CHILD HEALTH NURSING,CARE OF THE
CHILD & FAMILY- ADELE PILLITTERI.
• BIRNBAUM, DUNNE ,-ORAL
DIAGNOSIS,THE CLINICIAN’S GUIDE –2ND
EDITION.
• IAP TEXTBOOK OF PEDIATRICS-
PARTHASARATHY,MENON PSN , NARI
MKC- 2ND
EDITION.
• UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY-
HEUTHER & McANCE.www.indiandentalacademy.com