The document summarizes key aspects of the endocrine and reproductive systems. It describes how the endocrine system uses hormones to regulate bodily functions and how glands like the pancreas, testes and ovaries release specific hormones. It also explains the female menstrual cycle and how an egg is released and may be fertilized, leading to embryonic development with formation of the placenta and umbilical cord if implantation occurs. Sexual reproduction is contrasted with asexual reproduction, and feedback mechanisms that regulate hormone levels are discussed.

1. The Endocrine and Reproductive Systems

14. Negative Feedback (Example for Regents) Brain detects high blood sugar level (lots of glucose). Sends signal to pancreas to release the hormone insulin. Sugar (Glucose) level in blood drops. Negative feedback low glucose level in blood means stop insulin production.

16. Feedback in Plants

17. Reproductive Systems

18. Male Reproductive System a. Testes b. Vas deferens c. Prostate d. Urethra e. Penis f. Bladder g. Rectum

20. Female Reproductive System a. Ovary Side Front a. Ovary b. Oviduct b. Oviducts c. Uterus c. Uterus d. Cervix d. Cervix e. Vagina e. Vagina f. Bladder g. Rectum c. Uterus f. Bladder

22. Menstrual Cycle

23. Summary of Menstrual Cycle

29. Differentiation

31. Embryonic Development

33. Fertilization and Development Summary 1. Meiosis – produces haploid sperm and egg 2. Fertilization – sperm and egg meet to make a diploid zygote. 3. Differentiation – zygote divides by mitosis into an organism.

34. Fertilization and Development Summary Meiosis n= 23 Fertilization 2n=46 Differentiation by mitosis 2n=46 New multicellular organism 2n=46

52. Early Development c. Differentiation (mitosis) g. Uterus lining (endometrium) a. Ovulation b. Fertilization d. Morula e. Blastocyst f. Implantation