Male and Female Reproductive Systems

1. Animal Reproduction
Lesson 1 – Male Reproductive System
Lesson 2 – Female Reproductive System

2. Which one of the following management
practices will make a producer the most
money?
Nutrition & Feeding Programs
Facilities Set-up
Disease and Illness Control
Reproduction

3. Let’s Think About it….
Put on those Thinking Caps
 30 Cow Herd
 80% Calf Crop
 24 Calves
 Sell Calves at 500
pounds for $2.50
per pound.
 $30,000 Income
 30 Cow Herd
 90% Calf Crop
 27 Calves
 Sell Calves at 500
pounds for $2.50
per pound.
 $33,750 Income

4. Why else do we study Animal
Reproduction? Well which heifer do you
want on your farm?

5. What is another reason we study
animal reproduction?

6. The 3 main reasons we study
Animal Reproduction:
 Increase income because we have
more offspring
 Make genetic improvements
 Identify reproductive problems

7. OK….I know it is important to study
animal reproduction, but who is more
important….the male or female?
 Male
 Physically mount the
female for breeding
 Produce large amounts
of sperm
 Contribute 50% of the
offspring’s genetic
makeup
 Able to breed multiple
females in a short
period of time.
 Female
 Physically stand for the
male
 Produce 1 or more eggs
for fertilization
 Contribute 50% of the
offspring’s genetic
makeup
 Provide a safe site for
fertilization
 Nurture the egg as it
grows into an embryo
then fetus
 Give birth to the
offspring
 Produce colostrum and
milk for offspring
 Protect offspring from
predators

8. Lesson 1 – Male
Reproduction
What do you notice about the
following animals?

9. Reproductive System of the Bull
Prostate Gland
Cowper’s Gland
Retractor Muscle
Urethra
Sigmoid Flexure
Testicle
Scrotum
Epididymis
Sheath
Penis
Vas Deferens
Urinary Bladder
Seminal Vesicles

10. Reproductive System of the Boar
Seminal Vesicles
Prostate Gland
Cowper’s Gland
Retractor Muscle
Testicle
Epididymis
Scrotum
Vas Deferens
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
Sigmoid Flexure
Penis
Sheath

11. Reproductive System of the Ram
Seminal Vesicles
Prostate Gland
Cowper’s Gland
Retractor Muscle
Sigmoid Flexure
Vas Deferens
Testicle
Scrotum
Epididymis
Sheath
Penis
Urethra
Urinary Bladder

12. Reproductive System of the Stallion
Seminal Vesicles
Prostate Gland
Cowper’s Gland
Retractor Muscle
Testicle
Scrotum
Epididymis
Urinary Bladder
Vas Deferens
Urethra
Sheath
Penis

13. Reproductive System of the Dog
Prostate
Retractor Muscle
Urethra
Epididymis
Testicle
Scrotum
Urinary Bladder
Vas Deferens
Prepuce
Penis

14. Reproductive System of the Rabbit
Prostate
Seminal
Vesicles
Urinary
Bladder
Vas Deferens
Scrotum
Epididymis
Testicle
Prepuce
Penis
Urethra

15. For the most part….they all have
the same reproductive parts.
 Testicles – produce sperm and the
hormone testosterone
 Scrotum – holds testicles, regulates
temperature
 Sperm must be below body temperature
 Epididymis – Stores sperm until use
 Vas deferens – connection tube
 Urethra – carries sperm & urine to
the penis

16. Reproductive parts continued…
Sperm now becomes semen
 Seminal Vesicles – fluid to protect the
sperm
 Prostate Gland – milky fluid to
nourish sperm
 Cowper’s Gland – fluid cleans urine
out of penis
 Sigmoid Flexure – muscle extends
penis out of body

17. Reproductive parts continued…
 Retractor Muscle – pulls penis back
into the body
 Penis – deposits semen into female
and excretes urine
 Sheath/Prepuse – external skin which
protects the penis

18. Bull Reproductive Tract

19. Structure of the Testicle
 Cryptorchid – no
testicles
 Monorchid – one
testicle

20. Structure of the Penis
What causes
ejaculation?
 Bull – temperature
 Ram - ??
 Boar – pressure
 Stallion – nerves

21. Collecting Semen in Stallion &
Bull
 http://dsc.discov
ery.com/tv-
shows/dirty-
jobs/videos/hors
e-breeding.htm
 http://www.yout
ube.com/watch?
v=9ryKkm6oF4g
 http://www.yout
ube.com/watch?
v=qgf6h588v-I

23. How much semen is produced &
useable during AI

24. Review from last week- Bell work
 What did you learn?
 What was the most interesting thing?
 Review the male swine anatomy while
you wait. (hint, hint)

25. Male Reproductive Hormones
 GnRH – controls pituitary
gland
 LH – produces
testosterone
 FSH – 1 hormone needed
to produce sperm
 *Testosterone – other
hormone needed to
produce sperm & cause
body to change and
develop libido

26. Questions
1. If you have 10 mares with a 80% foal rate,
how many foals are born?
2. Which one of the 3 reasons to study animal
reproduction is the most important in your
mind? Tell me why you picked that one.
3. How does the scrotum react to different
types of climate?
4. What is the difference between the seminal
vesicles, prostate gland, and cowper’s
gland?
5. What is the two primary functions of
testosterone in the male?

27. Lesson 2 – Female
Reproduction
What do you notice about the
following animals?

28. Reproductive System of the Cow - Side View
Cervix
Vagina
Clitoris
Urethra
Urinary Bladder
Uterine Horn
Oviduct
Infundibulum
Ovary
Uterus
Vulva

29. Reproductive System of the Sow - Side View
Body of
Uterus Cervix
Vagina
Vulva
Clitoris
Urethra
Urinary
Bladder
Ovary
Infundibulum
Oviduct
Uterine Horn

30. Reproductive System of the Ewe
Body of
Uterus Cervix
Vagina
Vulva
Clitoris
Urethra
Urinary
Bladder
Ovary
Infundibulum
Oviduct
Uterine
Horn

31. Reproductive System of the Mare
Body of
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina
Vulva
Clitoris
Urethra
Urinary
Bladder
Ovary
Infundibulum
Oviduct
Uterine
Horn

32. Reproductive System of the Bitch
Body of
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina
Vulva
Clitoris
Urethra
Urinary
Bladder
Ovary
Infundibulum
Oviduct
Uterine
Horn

33. Reproductive System of the Doe
Body of
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina
Vulva
Urethra
Urinary
Bladder
Ovaries
Infundibulum
Oviduct
Uterine Horn

34. For the most part they have the
same reproductive parts….
 Ovary – produces eggs & hormones
 Infundibulum – catches eggs after
burst from ovary
 Oviduct (Fallopian Tube) – narrow
passage for egg, site of fertilization
 Uterine Horn – For litter bearing
animals to develop
 Uterus – development of fetus

35. Female Reproductive Parts
Continued….
 Cervix – muscle which locks down
uterus
 Vagina – site of copulation (semen
deposited) in most animals
 Clitoris – stimulates reproductive
tract causing waves during mating
 Vulva – external opening of vagina
 Urethra – carries urine

36. Cow’s Reproductive Tract

37. Semen Collection in Males
Artificial Vagina
Electroejaculation
Massage accessory glands
Hand pressure (boars)

38. AI procedures in females
Sheep
-surgical or
speculum
Swine
-corkscrew
Horses
- like cattle

39. Updated:1/23/2023
External Genitalia of the Cow
Anus
Labia
Clitoris
Labia
Vulva

40. Swollen Vulva in Sow, Cow, & Bitch

41. Reproductive System of the Sow - Top View
Uterine Horn
Uterine
Body
Oviduct
Infundibulum
Cervix
Opening
of Urethra
Vulva
Uterus
Ovary
Bladder
Vagina
Clitoris

42. What is occurring in the ovary:
Females do not
produce more
eggs as they age,
the eggs they
have will just
develop and be
releases during
different times in
their lifetime

43. Fertilization & Conception

44. Size of Uterus

45. Hormone Cycle
Hormone Cycle Begins
Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland
Ovaries
Uterus
1. GnRH -
Triggers
FSH and LH
production
2. FSH - Develops follicle
3. Estrogen - Starts heat and
suppresses FSH production
4. LH - Ruptures follicle
and develops corpus luteum
5. Progesterone - Blocks FSH
and LH production
6. Prostagladin -
Ends progesterone
production

46. Female Hormones
 GnRH – triggers LH and FSH hormones to
get to work
 FSH – develops follicle (will become eggs)
 Estrogen – produced by follicle, starts heat
period
 LH – Bursts follicle from ovary
 Progesterone – Blocks FSH & LH
 Prostaglandin – Causes GnRH to get to
work

47. Role Play
1. Pituitary Gland
2. GnRH – The General
3. FSH – The Fish
4. Ovary
5. Follicle
6. Estrogen
7. Egg
8. LH
9. Corpus Luteum - Scar
10. Progesterone – Police
11. Prostagladin – Glad Restart Button

48. Practice
Put the following steps of the Hormone
Cycle in the correct order:
A) FSH develops the follicle
B) Progesterone blocks FSH & LH
C) Prostaglandin ends progesterone
production
D) GnRH starts FSH & LH production
E) Estrogen starts heat
F) LH ruptures egg from ovary

49. Answers
D
A
E
F
B
C

50. Questions:
1. Do females produce new follicles (eggs)
throughout their lifetime?
2. Why is the cervix so important?
3. Would we have higher or lower conception
rates if there was no clitoris?
4. Which stage do you think is the most
important in the formation of the egg?
Why?
5. What is the role of estrogen in the female
body?