A presentation on the history of navigation technologies and techniques, from Ulysses to present Global Navigation Satellite Systems, European Navigation Conference, ENC-GNSS 2009.
The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System or IRNSS is an ingenuously developed Navigation Satellite System that is used to provide accurate real-time positioning and timing services over India and region extending to 1500 km around India. The fully deployed IRNSS system consists of 3 satellites in GEO orbit and 4 satellites in GSO orbit, approximately 36,000 km altitude above earth surface.However, the full system comprises nine satellites, including two on the ground as stand-by.The requirement of such a navigation system is driven because access to foreign government-controlled global navigation satellite systems is not guaranteed in hostile situations, as happened to the Indian military depending on American GPS during the Kargil War.The IRNSS would provide two services, with the Standard Positioning Service open for civilian use, and the Restricted Service (an encrypted one) for authorized users (including the military).
Part 1: An Overview of Aviation GNSS GPS and Augmentation SystemsStephen Sancewich
First, of a two part series, on the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), that I've put together.
Part 1: An Overview of Aviation GNSS GPS and Augmentation Systems.
This will serve as a solid precursor to Part 2. What's next?
Part 2: The Practical application of GNSS in aviation.
With a fundamental understanding of GNSS in place, we'll work through: Performance Based Navigation (PBN), Required Navigation Performance (RNP), Area Navigation (RNAV), Approach with Vertical Guidance (APV) IAPs, and more.
The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System or IRNSS is an ingenuously developed Navigation Satellite System that is used to provide accurate real-time positioning and timing services over India and region extending to 1500 km around India. The fully deployed IRNSS system consists of 3 satellites in GEO orbit and 4 satellites in GSO orbit, approximately 36,000 km altitude above earth surface.However, the full system comprises nine satellites, including two on the ground as stand-by.The requirement of such a navigation system is driven because access to foreign government-controlled global navigation satellite systems is not guaranteed in hostile situations, as happened to the Indian military depending on American GPS during the Kargil War.The IRNSS would provide two services, with the Standard Positioning Service open for civilian use, and the Restricted Service (an encrypted one) for authorized users (including the military).
Part 1: An Overview of Aviation GNSS GPS and Augmentation SystemsStephen Sancewich
First, of a two part series, on the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), that I've put together.
Part 1: An Overview of Aviation GNSS GPS and Augmentation Systems.
This will serve as a solid precursor to Part 2. What's next?
Part 2: The Practical application of GNSS in aviation.
With a fundamental understanding of GNSS in place, we'll work through: Performance Based Navigation (PBN), Required Navigation Performance (RNP), Area Navigation (RNAV), Approach with Vertical Guidance (APV) IAPs, and more.
This presentation is about GPS... what is it?why GPS? , how it works? and the applications of GPS. By Mostafa Hussien
facebook profile: http://www.facebook.com/mstfahsin
Twitter @MSTFAHSIN
Tumblr mostafahussien.tumblr.com
This is a story of an amazing military mapping organisation and its iconic home - Fortuna Villa, Bendigo. The document include many photographs, figures, and descriptions.
New light on sea-routes and trade between Cyprus and the Aegean during the late Classical period.
The 4th-Century-BC Mazotos Shipwreck. Stella Demesticha
Archaeological Research Unit, Dept of History and Archaeology, University of Cyprus
A presentation to supplement a presentation titled "Back to the Future: The Climate for Change and the Hydrographer of the Future" given at Hydrospatial21 held in cairns February 2022
Similar to A Short History of Navigation Technologies (20)
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Economia dei servizi: una visione sistemicaMarco Lisi
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Per far sì che un sistema tecnologico divenga un ‘sistema di servizio’, che abbia cioè al centro la customer satisfaction, è necessario che all’infrastruttura tecnologica si aggiungano in una configurazione dinamica risorse umane, organizzazione e informazione condivisa.
2017 Ka-band and AIAA ICSSC Joint Conference -TriesteMarco Lisi
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How ubiquitous localization (GNSS), sensing (IoT) and communications (5G) are mapping our planet.
Presentation at the Aerospace & Defense Forum 2016, 14 June, Reading, UK.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
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State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
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State of global ICS asset and network exposure
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Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
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Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
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Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
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Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
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1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
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Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
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- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
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While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
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GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
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The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
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Bob Boule
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Gopinath Rebala
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In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
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Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
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In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...
A Short History of Navigation Technologies
1. 04/05/09 ENC-GNSS 2009
Naples, 4-6 May 2009
1
A Short History of Navigation
Technologies:
from Ulysses to GNSS’s
Marco Lisi
GALILEO System Procurement Manager
2. 04/05/09 ENC-GNSS 2009
Naples, 4-6 May 2009
2
Mankind’s fundamental questions:
when and where are we? Where are we
going?
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Naples, 4-6 May 2009
3
Prehistoric men and navigation
• Since prehistoric times, men have tried to
invent reliable methods to locate their
position and make it back home
• Cavemen probably used stones and dead
branches to mark the direction to the places
where they hunted their prey, using
mountains and trees as reference points
• The first attempts to determine one’s own
position and to be able to return to it marked
the transition from a nomadic to a sedentary
lifestyle, first step towards the development
of civilization.
4. Navigation at the dawn of history
• In the early days, sailors followed the coast
to avoid getting lost on the high seas
• When the first navigators sailed towards the
ocean, they discovered they could keep track
of their route by following the stars
• As stars look different from different points
on Earth, by observing the heavens seamen
could obtain indications on the direction to
take
• Observing the stars was the main navigation
method for centuries
• Unfortunately, though, stars are visible only
at night (and only with good weather).
04/05/09 ENC-GNSS 2009
Naples, 4-6 May 2009
4
5. 04/05/09 ENC-GNSS 2009
Naples, 4-6 May 2009
5
Navigation in Homer’s Odyssey
• In Homer’s poem,
Ulysses (Odysseus),
navigating to Ithaca
from Ogygia,
Calypso’s island,
kept the Great Bear
constellation (Ursa
Major) on his left
side, as the
goddess Athena
had suggested to
him.
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Naples, 4-6 May 2009
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The first technological breakthrough:
the magnetic compass (1/2)
7. The first technological breakthrough:
the magnetic compass (2/2)
• In a compass the needle always points north (the
“magnetic” north, to be precise), indicating the
direction of movement at any time of the day and
whatever the weather
• The origins of the compass are mysterious and
uncertain: some argue it was invented by the
Chinese, while others maintain it is the invention
of the Arabs, the Norsemen or of seamen from
Amalfi
• In any case, this instrument almost certainly
made its appearance in Europe around the year
one thousand, taking on its definitive shape in
1300 (probably) at the hands of the legendary
Flavio Gioia from Amalfi.
04/05/09 ENC-GNSS 2009
Naples, 4-6 May 2009
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9. 04/05/09 ENC-GNSS 2009
Naples, 4-6 May 2009
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“Prima dedit nautis usum magnetis
Amalphis”
10. 04/05/09 ENC-GNSS 2009
Naples, 4-6 May 2009
10
Cristoforo Colombo, a genius in
navigation
Compass, log, observation of
the stars and sun, knowledge
of currents and winds, and a
meticulous care in the
compilation of the logbook
were for many centuries the
basis of the "estimated
navigation" ("dead
reckoning"). A brilliant user of
this technique, as it is clear
from reading the chronicles of
his journeys, was Cristoforo
Colombo.
11. 04/05/09 ENC-GNSS 2009
Naples, 4-6 May 2009
11
The history of the sextant:
kamal, astrolabe, quadrant
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Naples, 4-6 May 2009
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Matteo Ricci, S. J.: an Italian astronomer
in 16th century Ming’s China
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Naples, 4-6 May 2009
13
The sextant
• The sextant, invented in
1732, uses a system of
mirrors to measure the
exact angle of stars, the
moon and the sun above
the horizon
• Initially, however, the
sextant could only
determine latitudes (i.e. the
position on Earth
measured north or south
of the equator)
• Seamen were still unable
to calculate their longitude
(i.e. the position on Earth
east or west of a reference
meridian).
14. The “Longitude Problem”
• For more than two centuries the issue of longitude
determination on the high seas enticed the most
enlightened minds in Europe and became such a major
concern that in 1713 Britain, with the “Longitude Act”,
formed a group of famous scientists (the “Longitude
Board”) to find a possible solution
• The group offered twenty thousand pounds, equivalent
to one million dollars today, to anyone who proved to be
able to determine the longitude of a ship in open water
with an accuracy of thirty nautical miles (about 55
kilometers)
• The initiative was successful. In 1761, a self-taught
artisan, John Harrison, built a special mechanical clock
to take onboard ships, the marine chronometer, which
lost or gained no more than one second a day.
04/05/09 ENC-GNSS 2009
Naples, 4-6 May 2009
14
16. Navigation in the XVIII and XIX centuries
• Over the XVIII and XIX centuries, sextants and chronometers were
used in combination to obtain information on latitude and
longitude
• However, one should bear in mind that, especially during long sea
voyages, accumulating minutes of error in determining the time
was easy; a chronometer with an error of 4 minutes leads to a one
degree error in longitude (equivalent to more than one hundred
kilometers at the equator)
• It was only at the beginning of the twentieth century that, with the
advent of radio waves, various radio navigation systems were
developed, which were then widely used during the Second World
War
• The principle of radio navigation (“Radio Direction Finder”, RDF),
based on the use of a radio source to guide the navigation of a
mobile means (airplane or ship) through the use of a directional
antenna, was invented by the Marconi Company in the early
1900s. In 1931, the system was so widespread that it became
mandatory on all vessels with a tonnage of 5,000 tons or more.
04/05/09 ENC-GNSS 2009
Naples, 4-6 May 2009
16
17. 04/05/09 ENC-GNSS 2009
Naples, 4-6 May 2009
17
30th July 1934, Sestri Levante:
Marconi’s blind control
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Naples, 4-6 May 2009
18
“New Marconi triumph:
Ship steered by wireless – Blind control”
• On 31st July 1934, an article in the
British Daily Mail described the
success of the experiments carried
out by Marconi at Sestri Levante,
onboard his yacht-laboratory Elettra.
• It explained how Marconi, in the
presence of technicians, Italian and
British Navy officials and numerous
representatives of the press, had
used a beacon operating on the 60
centimeters wavelength (500 MHz),
installed along the coast at a height of
100 meters above sea level, to direct
the navigation of the boat through a
route marked out by buoys.
19. 04/05/09 ENC-GNSS 2009
Naples, 4-6 May 2009
19
The birth of radio navigation
On that day of July more than
seventy years ago, it saw the light
an invention which would save
thousands of lives and radically
change transportation:
radio navigation, that is, using
radio waves as an aid to
navigation.
20. 04/05/09 ENC-GNSS 2009
Naples, 4-6 May 2009
20
From Marconi’s experiments
to current times
• In the seventy years since Marconi’s experiments in
Sestri Levante, radio navigation has continuously
evolved to affect more and more aspects of our daily
life
• From the first terrestrial systems, based on the
principle of “Radio Direction Finding” (RDF), the so-called
“hyperbolic” systems were developed, which
were used during the Second World War, such as the
Loran-A, then followed by the Decca, Omega and
Loran-C systems
• The need for global coverage systems providing
greater localisation accuracy and a continuous service
over time was not, however, completely fulfilled.
21. 04/05/09 ENC-GNSS 2009
Naples, 4-6 May 2009
21
4th October 1957, 19.28:34 GMT :
SPUTNIK-1 is launched
22. 04/05/09 ENC-GNSS 2009
Naples, 4-6 May 2009
22
Sputnik and the conception of
navigation satellites
• After the launch of Sputnik-1 on Oct. 4, 1957, a small
group of scientists at Johns Hopkins University’s
Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) started listening to
variations caused by the Doppler effect in the
satellite’s 20 MHz signal, deducing its closest approach
as well as other information about its orbit
• One of the scientists, Dr. Frank McClure, reasoned that
the Doppler effect could also be used inversely to
deduce the position of the receiver if the satellite’s
precise orbit were already known
• In 1958 the first satellite navigation project , Transit
(or, more formally, the “Navy Navigation Satellite
System”) was started, under the management of the
newly created Advanced Research Projects Agency
(ARPA).
23. 04/05/09 ENC-GNSS 2009
Naples, 4-6 May 2009
23
The Transit satellite navigation system
• The Transit system consisted
of a constellation of six
satellites in a polar orbit with a
nominal 600 nautical mile
altitude, three ground control
stations, and user receivers
• Transit entered Naval service
in 1964 and in 1967 it was
made available to commercial
ships and aircraft of all nations
• In 1996 Transit, the Navy
Navigation Satellite System,
was retired after more than 32
years of continuous,
successful service.
24. 04/05/09 ENC-GNSS 2009
Naples, 4-6 May 2009
24
Global Navigation Satellite Systems:
GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO, BEIDOU
25. 04/05/09 ENC-GNSS 2009
Naples, 4-6 May 2009
25
The future: a fully integrated and
interoperable navigation system of
systems GNSS
ATM
GEOSS
26. 04/05/09 ENC-GNSS 2009
Naples, 4-6 May 2009
26
The not-so-far future: X-ray pulsars
navigation system (XNAV)
27. Traditional
Chinese
04/05/09 ENC-GNSS 2009
Naples, 4-6 May 2009
27
Korean
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