The document discusses nanocrystalline cristobalite powders doped with 10% copper. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that pure silicon dioxide consisted of quartz at 800°C, while the doped powder was nearly amorphous. At 900°C, the doped powder showed traces of cristobalite and tridymite phases. Increased temperature caused these phases to grow, with the most rapid cristobalite growth between 1100-1200°C. Photocatalytic tests showed the doped powder had higher degradation of methyl orange under visible light compared to pure silicon dioxide.
This document summarizes an article that appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is for the author's internal non-commercial use, including instruction and sharing with colleagues. Other uses like reproduction, distribution, selling or posting to websites are prohibited without permission. Authors are allowed to post their version of the article to their personal or institutional websites or repositories, with some restrictions on commercial use. The document provides a link to Elsevier's full copyright and archiving policies.
Synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles via aqueous solution, sol...iosrjce
ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by aqueous solution method, sol-gel method and hydrothermal
method.The synthesized particles were characterized by XRD ,SEM ,EDX and UV .The X-ray diffraction studies
reveals that the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles have wurtzite structure and the particle size varies from 13 to 18
nm. Scanning Electron Microscopic investigation reveals that the surface morphology of ZnO nanoparticle is
spherical in hydrothermal process and varies to flower like arrangement in aqueous solution and sol-gel
process. The UV-Visible spectrum of the nanoparticles shows a blue shift compared to that of the bulk sample.
This document discusses various methods for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). It covers physical approaches like evaporation-condensation and laser ablation. It then discusses several chemical approaches for reduction of silver ions to produce Ag NPs, including reduction by tri-sodium citrate, sodium borohydride, UV irradiation, gamma irradiation, laser irradiation, microwave irradiation, sonochemical reduction, and electrochemical methods. It notes the advantages of these chemical synthesis techniques and how stabilizing agents prevent agglomeration of the nanoparticles.
This document discusses different types of materials, including metals, polymers, ceramics, composites, and smart materials. It provides details on their key properties and examples. Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity, while polymers are made of long molecular chains that can be cross-linked. Ceramics are inorganic materials made by heating materials like silica and clay. Composites have improved properties from combining materials with a matrix and reinforce. Smart materials change properties in response to stimuli like stress, temperature, or electric fields.
The document describes a titanium dioxide facade for a building. It discusses how titanium dioxide acts as a photocatalyst when exposed to UV light, using sunlight during the day and UV lights at night. This triggers a reaction that helps purify the air by pulling dirt, grease, and bacteria out of the air. The facade is composed of a nano-coating of titanium dioxide on the building's outer skin, which is powered by this photocatalytic reaction and by PV panels during the day.
This study investigated the synthesis of zeolite from fly ash and its ability to remove Amido Black dye from wastewater through adsorption. Zeolite was synthesized from fly ash through a process involving calcination, fusion with sodium hydroxide, and aging. Experiments examined the adsorption of Amido Black dye onto zeolite. Results showed that dye removal efficiency increased with zeolite concentration up to 10 g/L, beyond which no significant improvement occurred. The optimal zeolite concentration for dye removal was 10 g/L. Adsorption capacity decreased as zeolite concentration increased, indicating too much zeolite is not effective. The study demonstrated that fly ash-based zeol
The document discusses nanocrystalline cristobalite powders doped with 10% copper. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that pure silicon dioxide consisted of quartz at 800°C, while the doped powder was nearly amorphous. At 900°C, the doped powder showed traces of cristobalite and tridymite phases. Increased temperature caused these phases to grow, with the most rapid cristobalite growth between 1100-1200°C. Photocatalytic tests showed the doped powder had higher degradation of methyl orange under visible light compared to pure silicon dioxide.
This document summarizes an article that appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is for the author's internal non-commercial use, including instruction and sharing with colleagues. Other uses like reproduction, distribution, selling or posting to websites are prohibited without permission. Authors are allowed to post their version of the article to their personal or institutional websites or repositories, with some restrictions on commercial use. The document provides a link to Elsevier's full copyright and archiving policies.
Synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles via aqueous solution, sol...iosrjce
ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by aqueous solution method, sol-gel method and hydrothermal
method.The synthesized particles were characterized by XRD ,SEM ,EDX and UV .The X-ray diffraction studies
reveals that the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles have wurtzite structure and the particle size varies from 13 to 18
nm. Scanning Electron Microscopic investigation reveals that the surface morphology of ZnO nanoparticle is
spherical in hydrothermal process and varies to flower like arrangement in aqueous solution and sol-gel
process. The UV-Visible spectrum of the nanoparticles shows a blue shift compared to that of the bulk sample.
This document discusses various methods for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). It covers physical approaches like evaporation-condensation and laser ablation. It then discusses several chemical approaches for reduction of silver ions to produce Ag NPs, including reduction by tri-sodium citrate, sodium borohydride, UV irradiation, gamma irradiation, laser irradiation, microwave irradiation, sonochemical reduction, and electrochemical methods. It notes the advantages of these chemical synthesis techniques and how stabilizing agents prevent agglomeration of the nanoparticles.
This document discusses different types of materials, including metals, polymers, ceramics, composites, and smart materials. It provides details on their key properties and examples. Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity, while polymers are made of long molecular chains that can be cross-linked. Ceramics are inorganic materials made by heating materials like silica and clay. Composites have improved properties from combining materials with a matrix and reinforce. Smart materials change properties in response to stimuli like stress, temperature, or electric fields.
The document describes a titanium dioxide facade for a building. It discusses how titanium dioxide acts as a photocatalyst when exposed to UV light, using sunlight during the day and UV lights at night. This triggers a reaction that helps purify the air by pulling dirt, grease, and bacteria out of the air. The facade is composed of a nano-coating of titanium dioxide on the building's outer skin, which is powered by this photocatalytic reaction and by PV panels during the day.
This study investigated the synthesis of zeolite from fly ash and its ability to remove Amido Black dye from wastewater through adsorption. Zeolite was synthesized from fly ash through a process involving calcination, fusion with sodium hydroxide, and aging. Experiments examined the adsorption of Amido Black dye onto zeolite. Results showed that dye removal efficiency increased with zeolite concentration up to 10 g/L, beyond which no significant improvement occurred. The optimal zeolite concentration for dye removal was 10 g/L. Adsorption capacity decreased as zeolite concentration increased, indicating too much zeolite is not effective. The study demonstrated that fly ash-based zeol
zeolites, types, nature, synthetic, processes, Deposits and properties;Physical characteristics of some naturally occurring zeolites; molecular sieves;Adsorption and related molecular sieving; zeolite catalysts
The document summarizes research on removing zinc ions from wastewater using activated carbon prepared from corn cobs. It first discusses the issues caused by heavy metals like zinc in wastewater and its toxicity. It then reviews literature that has optimized methods for making activated carbon from corn cobs and used it to adsorb zinc ions. The objectives and methodology of the study are to examine zinc ion removal efficiency of this activated carbon by studying factors like contact time and dosage, and the effect of interfering ions like sulfate and chloride.
Nanotechnology involves understanding and controlling matter at the nanoscale of 1 to 100 nanometers. At this scale, unique phenomena occur that enable novel applications in areas like electronics, materials, medicine, and the environment. Some key aspects of nanotechnology include fabricating and imaging nanostructures using techniques like lithography, self-assembly, and microscopy. Nanotechnology has significant potential to improve products and address challenges through more efficient, effective, and sustainable solutions.
Flame Retarding-Stabilizing Behavior of Plasticized Poly(vinyl chloride) Cont...Ali I. Al-Mosawi
PhD dissertation:
https://doi.org/10.14750/ME.2021.039
Abstract: There is no universal super-material in the universe, but there are compounds that can have more than one characteristic that make it unconventional, and one of these is discovered in this study, which is Oxydtron (nano cement). Oxydtron has proven excellent efficiency as a flame retardant and surprisingly also showed excellent heat stabilizing effect. Tests carried out were limiting oxygen index, static heat stability, congo-red, differential scanning calorimetry, dehydrochlorination, capillary rheometry analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, and color change measurement.
These thermal tests proved the ability of Oxydtron to improve the properties of poly(vinyl chloride) at high temperatures reducing the risks associated with the combustion of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) by increasing its thermal stability, flame retardation, and rate of degradation was effectively decreased. These tests has been shown that Oxydtron is not only a material used to improve the properties of concrete; but also a material that has shown a significant indication in the stabilization process of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride).
As well, the structural changes in the poly(vinyl chloride) layer located directly under the flame zone (heat affected zone-HAZ), which is exposed to high temperatures without burning, have been checked by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FLIR analysis. Images obtained from SEM and FLIR analysis for the heat affected zone of limiting oxygen index samples showed a significant decrease in the chlorine content in the poly(vinyl chloride) structure accompanied by considerable stability of the carbon content when compared to the untested samples images. But after adding Oxydtron, the chlorine percentage was maintained at acceptable levels. Also, the effect of the processing method on poly(vinyl chloride)'s properties has been studied. The results obtained from the L.O.I test showed that the extrusion method was better than the rolling method for L.O.I. This behavior because the heat will be distributed uniformly in the screw-extrusion process, which reduces thermal stresses in the final product.
Nature provides many examples of efficient and effective designs that can inspire technological innovation. The document discusses several examples from nature like the lotus effect, spider silk, gecko feet, water striders, and water spiders that have unique properties and mechanisms. Researchers are studying these biological materials and structures to develop biomimetic materials and surfaces with applications like self-cleaning, strong composites, dry adhesives, low drag surfaces, and waterproof materials.
Ion exchange resins can be used to chemically clean masonry through ion exchange reactions. There are three main types of resins - cationic, anionic, and mixed. Ion exchange resins were originally natural materials but now synthetic resins are used. They are being more widely used for conservation applications to remove harmful ions from masonry surfaces. Ion exchange resins have advantages like requiring less water, not altering the material morphology or porosity, and being reusable. However, they also have disadvantages like potentially damaging some materials, high costs, and requiring multiple applications.
degradation of pollution and photocatalysisPraveen Vaidya
The presentation deals with the use of conduction of photocatalytic reaction using the transition metal doped transparent semiconducting thinfilms. The precursor to film is prepared by the SILAR method, which is a chemical method.
Nano Technology & Nano Materials
by Ray Fernando, PHD
California Polytechnic State University
Polymers and Coatings Program
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
San Luis Obispo, CA
www.polymerscoatings.calpoly.edu
Delivered 22 June 2009 @ SLINTEC
This document is a bachelor's thesis that examines using cork waste to remove copper and chromium from aqueous solutions. It conducted kinetic and equilibrium batch experiments using raw cork and biochar produced from cork to compare their sorption efficiency. The raw cork experiments showed pH-dependent removal of 61.5% of chromium at pH 3 and 55.6% of copper at pH 6. Biochar produced from cork had a high specific surface area of 300 m2/g and was also able to sorb copper and chromium. Kinetic data showed chromium adsorption was best using biochar, while equilibrium data fitting indicated Freundlich model described adsorption of both metals onto biochar better than Langmuir model. The results suggest raw cork and
PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION AND REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS IN PHARMACEUTICAL WAST...Journal For Research
In recent years pharmaceutical wastes (PW) deposal of has become a major difficulty for the environment. Therefore, pharmaceutical waste removal is very necessary before its discharge from the pharma industry. The separation of drugs containing organic compounds in wastewater streams is failed by convectional and biological treatments. Thus, the reduction of harmful effects of pharmaceutical compounds is possible by heterogeneous photocatalysis process. Herein we reported the degradation of pharmaceutical concentration in pharmaceutical waste by heterogeneous photocatalyst ZnO doped with Selenium prepared by cost effective hydrothermal method. In addition the heavy metals in pharmaceutical waste were also removed by ZnO/Se nanocomposite. The average band gap of nanocomposite (~2.5 eV) increase the photocatalytic activity and degrade the organic compounds in pharmaceutical waste. The heavy metals get adsorbed on the high surface area of nanocomposite and removed completely by filtration method. The Selenium doped ZnO photocatalyst semiconductor was characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDAX) and also the characteristic crystalline forms of ZnO/Se nanocomposite was confirmed by XRD. The functional groups and particle size distribution of ZnO/Se nanocomposite was characterized by FTIR and DLS respectively. The reduction of organic compounds in the pharmaceutical waste was confirmed by COD analysis and removal of heavy metals was performed by AAS analysis.
Preparation of Glass-like Materials by Sol-Gel Method Using Alkoxide PrecursorSulieman Bahar
This document summarizes the preparation of glass-like materials using the sol-gel method with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the alkoxide precursor. TEOS was first synthesized from the reaction of tetrachlorosilane and ethanol. Gels were then formed by acid- or base-catalyzed hydrolysis of TEOS followed by condensation. The gels were dried and fired at 600°C to produce glass-like materials. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of the gels and high purity glass-like products.
Biosoption of heavy metals by orange peelAbbas Kazi
Biosorption uses biological materials like bacteria, fungi, and orange peel to remove heavy metals from wastewater. Orange peel is a good biosorbent because it contains cellulose and pigments with hydroxyl groups that can adsorb metals. This document outlines experiments examining orange peel's ability to remove copper, cadmium, lead, zinc, and nickel. The effects of pH, contact time, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, and ionic strength on adsorption were studied. Adsorption increased with pH and adsorbent amount and reached equilibrium within 20 minutes. Adsorption also fit the Langmuir isotherm model well, indicating monolayer adsorption onto the
Nano technology in construction materialsMir Ansaf
Uses of nano technology in construction
1.Nano Technology for concrete
2. Nano Technology for Steel
3. Nano Technology for wood
4. Nano Technology for glass
5.Sustainability and environment
The document discusses using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to remove heavy metals from wastewater. It notes that extensive industrialization has increased heavy metals in wastewater, which are toxic. While other adsorbents have been used for removal, CNTs have higher adsorption capacity due to their large surface area and interaction with pollutants. The document examines the structure and types of CNTs, as well as their characterization and ability to adsorb heavy metals through functional groups on their surface. Key factors affecting adsorption include surface acidity, pH, and temperature. The document concludes that CNTs are effective and future work could further enhance their adsorption properties and cost-effectiveness.
This document summarizes a research article that synthesized silicon dioxide (SiO2) nano particles using a sol-gel route. The sol-gel process involves hydrolysis and polymerization reactions of metal alkoxides or salts to form a colloidal suspension (sol) that transitions to a gel and then to an oxide network. In this study, tetrahydrofuran and silicic acid were stirred at room temperature for 60 minutes to form a gel. After drying and annealing at 400°C, SiO2 nano powders with an average particle size of ~6nm were obtained. The ratios of starting materials and calcination temperature affected the crystallite size of the particles. The study demonstrated a sol-gel method for
Photocatalytic oxidation of pharmaceuticalsMehdi Aissani
1. The document studies the photocatalytic degradation of four pharmaceutical compounds (caffeine, diclofenac, trimethoprim, and hydrochlorothiazide) in an aqueous solution using TiO2 as the photocatalyst.
2. Scavengers such as potassium iodide, sodium azide, and tert-butyl alcohol were added to determine the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) like hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen, and holes in the degradation of each compound.
3. It was found that the degradation of caffeine was affected by both hydroxyl and singlet oxygen radicals. The degradation of diclofenac was significantly affected by photogenerated holes and hydroxyl radicals.
The investigation of photo-oxidation of gas phase cyclohexane was an experimental study used to determine how the concentration of cyclohexane in a bulk flow influent to a photcatalytic reactor affects the rate of degradation. In addition, a secondary set of tests will be conducted to aide in obtaining data for determining the effect of particle size on degradation
Multiple adsorption of heavy metal ions in aqueous solution using activated c...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Batch adsorption of different heavy metal ions (Nickel, Copper, Zinc, Lead, Cadmium and Chromium) in aqueous solution using
activated carbon from Nigerian bamboo was studied. The bamboo was cut, washed and dried. It was carbonized between 3000C -
4500C, and activated at 8000C using nitric acid. The bulk density, iodine number, Benzene adsorption, methylene adsorption, and
ash content of the activated carbon produced compared well with commercial carbons. Multiple adsorption of these metals in
same aqueous solution using bamboo carbon showed that adsorption capacity is in the order Pb>Cd>Cu>Zn>Ni>Cr which
showed that these metal ions can be adsorbed selectively by Nigerian bamboo activated carbon. The order of adsorption is related
to the maximum adsorption of lead, cadmium, copper on bamboo was found to be in the order of ionic radius of the heavy metals
used. Therefore this study demonstrates that bamboo can serve as a good source of activated carbon with multiple metal ions –
removing potentials and may serve as a better replacement for commercial activated carbons in applications that warrant their
use. However, it will also contribute to the search for less expensive adsorbents and their utilization possibilities for the
elimination of heavy metal ions from industrial waste water.
Key Words: multiple adsorption, heavy metals, Nigerian bamboo, Activated Carbon,
This document summarizes the green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles using Aloe Vera extract. Key points include: Aloe Vera extract is used to extract TiO2 nanoparticles from titanium chloride in a solution which is then stirred for 4 hours to form nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are characterized through techniques such as TGA/DTA, XRD, particle size analysis, FTIR, SEM and TEM. The average crystallite size was 20nm and average particle size was 32nm with a tetragonal structure. Applications of TiO2 nanoparticles include use in chemical sensors, water splitting, microelectronics, dye sensitized solar cells and photocatalysis.
This document discusses responsible research and innovation (RRI). It defines RRI as aiming to ensure research and innovation outcomes are ethically acceptable and environmentally sustainable, contribute to solving societal challenges, and involve engaged publics and responsible actors and institutions. The document outlines some opportunities of RRI, including raising new questions, creating better innovations, and bringing science and society closer. It also discusses some needs to support RRI, such as clear definitions, evaluation tools, resources and case studies, training and dissemination, and funding for meetings. Finally, it presents some potential misconceptions about RRI, such as whether it is demanding of researchers or the end of "true" science.
The document provides an overview of knowledge management and knowledge engineering. It discusses the differences between tacit and explicit knowledge. It also summarizes several models for knowledge management processes and activities, including acquiring, selecting, using, internalizing, and generating knowledge. Key frameworks covered include the SECI model, Frapaiolo's KM processes, and CommonKADS, a methodology for knowledge management system development.
zeolites, types, nature, synthetic, processes, Deposits and properties;Physical characteristics of some naturally occurring zeolites; molecular sieves;Adsorption and related molecular sieving; zeolite catalysts
The document summarizes research on removing zinc ions from wastewater using activated carbon prepared from corn cobs. It first discusses the issues caused by heavy metals like zinc in wastewater and its toxicity. It then reviews literature that has optimized methods for making activated carbon from corn cobs and used it to adsorb zinc ions. The objectives and methodology of the study are to examine zinc ion removal efficiency of this activated carbon by studying factors like contact time and dosage, and the effect of interfering ions like sulfate and chloride.
Nanotechnology involves understanding and controlling matter at the nanoscale of 1 to 100 nanometers. At this scale, unique phenomena occur that enable novel applications in areas like electronics, materials, medicine, and the environment. Some key aspects of nanotechnology include fabricating and imaging nanostructures using techniques like lithography, self-assembly, and microscopy. Nanotechnology has significant potential to improve products and address challenges through more efficient, effective, and sustainable solutions.
Flame Retarding-Stabilizing Behavior of Plasticized Poly(vinyl chloride) Cont...Ali I. Al-Mosawi
PhD dissertation:
https://doi.org/10.14750/ME.2021.039
Abstract: There is no universal super-material in the universe, but there are compounds that can have more than one characteristic that make it unconventional, and one of these is discovered in this study, which is Oxydtron (nano cement). Oxydtron has proven excellent efficiency as a flame retardant and surprisingly also showed excellent heat stabilizing effect. Tests carried out were limiting oxygen index, static heat stability, congo-red, differential scanning calorimetry, dehydrochlorination, capillary rheometry analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, and color change measurement.
These thermal tests proved the ability of Oxydtron to improve the properties of poly(vinyl chloride) at high temperatures reducing the risks associated with the combustion of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) by increasing its thermal stability, flame retardation, and rate of degradation was effectively decreased. These tests has been shown that Oxydtron is not only a material used to improve the properties of concrete; but also a material that has shown a significant indication in the stabilization process of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride).
As well, the structural changes in the poly(vinyl chloride) layer located directly under the flame zone (heat affected zone-HAZ), which is exposed to high temperatures without burning, have been checked by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FLIR analysis. Images obtained from SEM and FLIR analysis for the heat affected zone of limiting oxygen index samples showed a significant decrease in the chlorine content in the poly(vinyl chloride) structure accompanied by considerable stability of the carbon content when compared to the untested samples images. But after adding Oxydtron, the chlorine percentage was maintained at acceptable levels. Also, the effect of the processing method on poly(vinyl chloride)'s properties has been studied. The results obtained from the L.O.I test showed that the extrusion method was better than the rolling method for L.O.I. This behavior because the heat will be distributed uniformly in the screw-extrusion process, which reduces thermal stresses in the final product.
Nature provides many examples of efficient and effective designs that can inspire technological innovation. The document discusses several examples from nature like the lotus effect, spider silk, gecko feet, water striders, and water spiders that have unique properties and mechanisms. Researchers are studying these biological materials and structures to develop biomimetic materials and surfaces with applications like self-cleaning, strong composites, dry adhesives, low drag surfaces, and waterproof materials.
Ion exchange resins can be used to chemically clean masonry through ion exchange reactions. There are three main types of resins - cationic, anionic, and mixed. Ion exchange resins were originally natural materials but now synthetic resins are used. They are being more widely used for conservation applications to remove harmful ions from masonry surfaces. Ion exchange resins have advantages like requiring less water, not altering the material morphology or porosity, and being reusable. However, they also have disadvantages like potentially damaging some materials, high costs, and requiring multiple applications.
degradation of pollution and photocatalysisPraveen Vaidya
The presentation deals with the use of conduction of photocatalytic reaction using the transition metal doped transparent semiconducting thinfilms. The precursor to film is prepared by the SILAR method, which is a chemical method.
Nano Technology & Nano Materials
by Ray Fernando, PHD
California Polytechnic State University
Polymers and Coatings Program
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
San Luis Obispo, CA
www.polymerscoatings.calpoly.edu
Delivered 22 June 2009 @ SLINTEC
This document is a bachelor's thesis that examines using cork waste to remove copper and chromium from aqueous solutions. It conducted kinetic and equilibrium batch experiments using raw cork and biochar produced from cork to compare their sorption efficiency. The raw cork experiments showed pH-dependent removal of 61.5% of chromium at pH 3 and 55.6% of copper at pH 6. Biochar produced from cork had a high specific surface area of 300 m2/g and was also able to sorb copper and chromium. Kinetic data showed chromium adsorption was best using biochar, while equilibrium data fitting indicated Freundlich model described adsorption of both metals onto biochar better than Langmuir model. The results suggest raw cork and
PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION AND REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS IN PHARMACEUTICAL WAST...Journal For Research
In recent years pharmaceutical wastes (PW) deposal of has become a major difficulty for the environment. Therefore, pharmaceutical waste removal is very necessary before its discharge from the pharma industry. The separation of drugs containing organic compounds in wastewater streams is failed by convectional and biological treatments. Thus, the reduction of harmful effects of pharmaceutical compounds is possible by heterogeneous photocatalysis process. Herein we reported the degradation of pharmaceutical concentration in pharmaceutical waste by heterogeneous photocatalyst ZnO doped with Selenium prepared by cost effective hydrothermal method. In addition the heavy metals in pharmaceutical waste were also removed by ZnO/Se nanocomposite. The average band gap of nanocomposite (~2.5 eV) increase the photocatalytic activity and degrade the organic compounds in pharmaceutical waste. The heavy metals get adsorbed on the high surface area of nanocomposite and removed completely by filtration method. The Selenium doped ZnO photocatalyst semiconductor was characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDAX) and also the characteristic crystalline forms of ZnO/Se nanocomposite was confirmed by XRD. The functional groups and particle size distribution of ZnO/Se nanocomposite was characterized by FTIR and DLS respectively. The reduction of organic compounds in the pharmaceutical waste was confirmed by COD analysis and removal of heavy metals was performed by AAS analysis.
Preparation of Glass-like Materials by Sol-Gel Method Using Alkoxide PrecursorSulieman Bahar
This document summarizes the preparation of glass-like materials using the sol-gel method with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the alkoxide precursor. TEOS was first synthesized from the reaction of tetrachlorosilane and ethanol. Gels were then formed by acid- or base-catalyzed hydrolysis of TEOS followed by condensation. The gels were dried and fired at 600°C to produce glass-like materials. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of the gels and high purity glass-like products.
Biosoption of heavy metals by orange peelAbbas Kazi
Biosorption uses biological materials like bacteria, fungi, and orange peel to remove heavy metals from wastewater. Orange peel is a good biosorbent because it contains cellulose and pigments with hydroxyl groups that can adsorb metals. This document outlines experiments examining orange peel's ability to remove copper, cadmium, lead, zinc, and nickel. The effects of pH, contact time, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, and ionic strength on adsorption were studied. Adsorption increased with pH and adsorbent amount and reached equilibrium within 20 minutes. Adsorption also fit the Langmuir isotherm model well, indicating monolayer adsorption onto the
Nano technology in construction materialsMir Ansaf
Uses of nano technology in construction
1.Nano Technology for concrete
2. Nano Technology for Steel
3. Nano Technology for wood
4. Nano Technology for glass
5.Sustainability and environment
The document discusses using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to remove heavy metals from wastewater. It notes that extensive industrialization has increased heavy metals in wastewater, which are toxic. While other adsorbents have been used for removal, CNTs have higher adsorption capacity due to their large surface area and interaction with pollutants. The document examines the structure and types of CNTs, as well as their characterization and ability to adsorb heavy metals through functional groups on their surface. Key factors affecting adsorption include surface acidity, pH, and temperature. The document concludes that CNTs are effective and future work could further enhance their adsorption properties and cost-effectiveness.
This document summarizes a research article that synthesized silicon dioxide (SiO2) nano particles using a sol-gel route. The sol-gel process involves hydrolysis and polymerization reactions of metal alkoxides or salts to form a colloidal suspension (sol) that transitions to a gel and then to an oxide network. In this study, tetrahydrofuran and silicic acid were stirred at room temperature for 60 minutes to form a gel. After drying and annealing at 400°C, SiO2 nano powders with an average particle size of ~6nm were obtained. The ratios of starting materials and calcination temperature affected the crystallite size of the particles. The study demonstrated a sol-gel method for
Photocatalytic oxidation of pharmaceuticalsMehdi Aissani
1. The document studies the photocatalytic degradation of four pharmaceutical compounds (caffeine, diclofenac, trimethoprim, and hydrochlorothiazide) in an aqueous solution using TiO2 as the photocatalyst.
2. Scavengers such as potassium iodide, sodium azide, and tert-butyl alcohol were added to determine the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) like hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen, and holes in the degradation of each compound.
3. It was found that the degradation of caffeine was affected by both hydroxyl and singlet oxygen radicals. The degradation of diclofenac was significantly affected by photogenerated holes and hydroxyl radicals.
The investigation of photo-oxidation of gas phase cyclohexane was an experimental study used to determine how the concentration of cyclohexane in a bulk flow influent to a photcatalytic reactor affects the rate of degradation. In addition, a secondary set of tests will be conducted to aide in obtaining data for determining the effect of particle size on degradation
Multiple adsorption of heavy metal ions in aqueous solution using activated c...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Batch adsorption of different heavy metal ions (Nickel, Copper, Zinc, Lead, Cadmium and Chromium) in aqueous solution using
activated carbon from Nigerian bamboo was studied. The bamboo was cut, washed and dried. It was carbonized between 3000C -
4500C, and activated at 8000C using nitric acid. The bulk density, iodine number, Benzene adsorption, methylene adsorption, and
ash content of the activated carbon produced compared well with commercial carbons. Multiple adsorption of these metals in
same aqueous solution using bamboo carbon showed that adsorption capacity is in the order Pb>Cd>Cu>Zn>Ni>Cr which
showed that these metal ions can be adsorbed selectively by Nigerian bamboo activated carbon. The order of adsorption is related
to the maximum adsorption of lead, cadmium, copper on bamboo was found to be in the order of ionic radius of the heavy metals
used. Therefore this study demonstrates that bamboo can serve as a good source of activated carbon with multiple metal ions –
removing potentials and may serve as a better replacement for commercial activated carbons in applications that warrant their
use. However, it will also contribute to the search for less expensive adsorbents and their utilization possibilities for the
elimination of heavy metal ions from industrial waste water.
Key Words: multiple adsorption, heavy metals, Nigerian bamboo, Activated Carbon,
This document summarizes the green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles using Aloe Vera extract. Key points include: Aloe Vera extract is used to extract TiO2 nanoparticles from titanium chloride in a solution which is then stirred for 4 hours to form nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are characterized through techniques such as TGA/DTA, XRD, particle size analysis, FTIR, SEM and TEM. The average crystallite size was 20nm and average particle size was 32nm with a tetragonal structure. Applications of TiO2 nanoparticles include use in chemical sensors, water splitting, microelectronics, dye sensitized solar cells and photocatalysis.
This document discusses responsible research and innovation (RRI). It defines RRI as aiming to ensure research and innovation outcomes are ethically acceptable and environmentally sustainable, contribute to solving societal challenges, and involve engaged publics and responsible actors and institutions. The document outlines some opportunities of RRI, including raising new questions, creating better innovations, and bringing science and society closer. It also discusses some needs to support RRI, such as clear definitions, evaluation tools, resources and case studies, training and dissemination, and funding for meetings. Finally, it presents some potential misconceptions about RRI, such as whether it is demanding of researchers or the end of "true" science.
The document provides an overview of knowledge management and knowledge engineering. It discusses the differences between tacit and explicit knowledge. It also summarizes several models for knowledge management processes and activities, including acquiring, selecting, using, internalizing, and generating knowledge. Key frameworks covered include the SECI model, Frapaiolo's KM processes, and CommonKADS, a methodology for knowledge management system development.
Integrating customary and legal systems for forest product governance, Cameroon Verina Ingram
This document summarizes the challenges of developing a legal and policy framework for non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in Cameroon. It notes that Cameroon has diverse forests, people, and over 700 NTFPs traded by 280 tribes. However, current policy primarily focuses on timber. The document outlines Cameroon's historical customary resource rights existing alongside newer statutory laws and regulations. This plural legal system leads to inconsistent laws that undermine the NTFP sector and rural livelihoods. It concludes that the current framework benefits a powerful few urban elites over many small-scale rural forest users and lacks protections for high-demand traded products. Recommendations include strengthening customary tenure rights, streamlining laws,
Four pilots prepared for an illegal desert road race in high-performance cars. In one race, a Ferrari accelerated faster than a Lamborghini but the Lamborghini won the final race by 5 seconds. In another race between a Ford and Dodge, the Ford lost a wheel 1 km from the finish line, allowing the Dodge to be proclaimed the winner.
This document discusses a music magazine media product created by the author. It provides details on the target audience, design conventions used, and what was learned from creating the magazine. The target audience was 16-26 year olds, represented through color scheme, fonts, images, and language focused on indie music. Distribution through a company like IPC Media was considered due to their success with similar magazines. The process taught the author about technologies like Photoshop, blogging, and how mobile/social media could engage the target audience.
The document discusses the need for open data and linked data to work together for a better web world. It describes The DataTank project, which publishes open data as RDF triples and provides version control for triple stores with direct provenance tracking. The DataTank received an achievement certificate for its contributions to open source software. The presentation outlines the current architecture of The DataTank and R&Wbase, its triple version control system, and discusses future directions including supporting global open data initiatives.
The Evarts Rink located at The Harvey School in Katonah, NY offers ice skating programs like free skate and figure skating lessons in a multipurpose venue, but the rink's upstairs seating, lack of bleachers, outdated technology, dirt parking lot, and dark lighting are negatives. The rink manager learned about maintaining the ice rink, the money and staff needed for upkeep, and organization through running the facility.
The Fuelwood Market Chain of Kinshasa: Socio-economic and sustainability outc...Verina Ingram
The Fuelwood Market Chain of Kinshasa: Socio-economic and sustainability outcomes of the number one household energy in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Schure Ingram Kinshasa and Kisangani
Included in this report, you will find a complete summary of the work completed on the ImmigrationWorksInHalifax initiative from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2009. Goals include:
- Raise awareness and change perceptions on the benefits of hiring immigrants
- Provide key decision makers with the information they need to source, select, develop and welcome skilled immigrants to their workforce.
- Increase the business network of new immigrants so that they will be able to find employment related to their work experience and qualification.
Responsible Disclosure - For Dutch ISACA chapterFrank Breedijk
Als iemand een kwetsbaarheid in software of een infrastructuur ontdekt dan heeft hij een aantal mogelijkheden. Niets doen, zelf ‘gebruiken’, doorverkopen, openbaar maken of melden aan de organisatie verantwoordelijk.
Vrijwel iedereen geeft de voorkeur aan het laatste, dit laatste heet Resposible Disclosure.
In deze sessie zal ik, vanuit onze ervaring met RD proberen een aantal vragen rond het onderwerp te beantwoorden, zoals:
• Werkt het? (Hint: onze policy stamt uit 2012)
• Wat zijn de valkuilen?
• Waarom beperken jullie de tester?
• Wat is de relatie met de meldplicht datalekken?
• Crowd sourced testing en RD hetzelfde of anders?
Reporte BID: Public-Private Collaboration on Productive Development Policies ...CESSI ArgenTIna
The document discusses the Empleartec program in Argentina, which aimed to address skilled labor shortages in the software and information services (SIS) sector. A public-private collaboration was established between the government and SIS companies to design training programs. The collaboration helped match training to the needs of companies and led to the creation of a fund to finance training, addressing the key constraint of limited human capital facing growth of the SIS sector.
The document discusses 5 topics: the steroid era, open source software, Netscape, informing through technology, and supply chain management. It contains photos related to these topics from Wikipedia, Walmart, Netscape, Google, and wireless internet. The document concludes by thanking the listener.
This document provides guidance on creating an effective elevator pitch to define yourself, your skills, experience, and value proposition. An elevator pitch should be a short 30-second summary that covers your professional background, current or past jobs, skills, qualities, and what you have to offer. The document includes examples of effective elements to include in a pitch, such as describing your major, experience, interests, and personality. It also recommends practicing your pitch in front of a mirror with a friend to refine it.
This document discusses some of the complex and unexpected behaviors in JavaScript. It provides examples of operations with numbers, strings, arrays, and objects that produce unintuitive or surprising results. The examples demonstrate that JavaScript has a very flexible type system that can lead to unintended consequences if not properly understood. The document concludes by providing some links to resources for learning more about JavaScript.
Mastering the Curriculum in Reading and MathLeah Vestal
The document provides guidance for teachers to focus their instruction, assignments, and assessments on the eligible content (EC) required by the PSSA. It recommends teachers thoroughly understand the EC, constantly review it throughout the year using various methods and materials, and have systems in place to remediate students who have not mastered the EC. The overall goal is for teachers to plan effectively to help students master the EC, which covers most of the reading and math curricula.
Application of nano-technology in constructionAmeer Muhammed
This document discusses the application of nanotechnology in construction. It begins by defining nanotechnology as the study and manipulation of matter at the nanoscale. It then outlines several nanomaterials that are being used in construction, such as carbon nanotubes, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, and tungsten oxide. These nanomaterials can improve properties like strength, conductivity, and self-cleaning abilities when added to materials like concrete, steel, wood, glass, and coatings. The document also discusses potential barriers to nanotechnology like health effects, environmental impacts, and cost, but concludes that with further research, nanotechnology could allow for more durable and economical infrastructure.
This document discusses HAL, an open access archive for scientific research documents. HAL accepts documents from research institutions in France and abroad, whether published or unpublished.
It then summarizes a research paper on passivating titanium oxide in polyethylene matrices. The paper studies coating titanium dioxide with polyelectrolytes like polyethylenimine and sodium polystyrene sulfonate to reduce photocatalytic degradation when exposed to UV light. Results found that polyethylenimine coating provided similar protection as hindered amine light stabilizers, while sodium polystyrene sulfonate offered less protection but still passivated the titanium dioxide's photocatalytic effect compared to uncoated samples.
Srm geoengineering-to stop global warming with ti02 and aluminum al- oxides- ...Robert Hardt
This document discusses the potential use of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in geoengineering techniques to reduce greenhouse gases and mitigate global warming. Specifically, it proposes dispersing large quantities of TiO2 nanoparticles into the lower stratosphere using aircraft to reflect sunlight and have a cooling effect. It notes that TiO2 is widely used commercially and could be engineered to the desired size and properties. However, the document also cites a study finding that TiO2 nanoparticles caused DNA damage, chromosomal damage, inflammation and cancer in mice. The mechanism is thought to be oxidative stress induced by the particle surfaces interacting with the body. This raises concerns about potential health effects of exposure to the nanoparticles.
Degradation of Low Density Polyethylene Due To Successive Exposure to Acid Ra...Editor IJCATR
Utilization of polymer products for outdoor applications is continuously increasing. So the stability of polymers against
environmental degradation became top of interests for many researchers. The effect of environmental elements on the polymers stability
has been studied, but individually. A solution against an environmental element may conflict with a solution against other element.
Therefore current study aimed to clarify a sort of these conflicts, by successive exposure of low density polyethylene (LDPE) films to
acid rains and ultra violet (UV) radiation for different times. The used LDPE films are selected from the commercial grads which are
used for plants greenhouses, in order to use samples fully protected against environmental elements. It is found that acid rains etch PE
films, causing removal for some of the UV stabilizer additives, and hence UV radiation could attack PE films seriously causing remarked
oxidative degradation. This study includes wide comparisons between effects of acid rain only, UV irradiation only, acid rain followed
by UV irradiation and UV irradiation followed by acid rain exposure. Variations in the chemical composition, morphological structures,
thermal and mechanical properties are detected by the IR- spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and
tensile tests. A new view for the differentiation between degradations caused by acid rains and UV radiation is discussed. Lot of
experimental data are given in many coloured graphs and tables
- DuPont has over 200 years of experience in product innovation and is applying its expertise in integrated science to nanotechnology.
- Nanotechnology allows for unique material properties and combinations of properties by manipulating materials at the nanoscale.
- DuPont is developing nanomaterials and applications across many markets, from coatings and composites to electronics and energy, while also leading in responsible development and stewardship of nanomaterials.
This document discusses the use of nanotechnology in civil engineering applications. It begins by defining nanotechnology and nanoscale materials like carbon nanotubes and nano-silica. It then discusses several uses of nanotechnology in concrete to improve strength, durability, and permeability. The document also discusses uses of nanotechnology in steel, wood, stone, and coatings/paints to provide benefits like increased strength, corrosion resistance, self-cleaning properties, and insulation. Specific products discussed include Cuore concrete, SandvikNanoflex steel, MMFX2 steel, and the Nansulate insulation coating.
The document discusses various applications of nanotechnology in engineering and construction materials, including using nanoparticles to improve the strength and properties of concrete, steel, wood, and glass. Nanoparticles can enhance qualities like compressive strength, corrosion resistance, self-healing abilities, and sustainability. The document evaluates how nanotechnology may lead to improved construction systems and materials in the future.
Nanotechnology offers possibilities to improve materials used in civil engineering. At the nanoscale, materials demonstrate new properties. Concrete can be made stronger and more durable using nano-silica and carbon nanotubes. Steel can incorporate nanoparticles to increase strength and resistance to fatigue and corrosion. Titanium dioxide and carbon nanotubes make glass self-cleaning. Nanoparticles in coatings provide insulation and hydrophobicity. While costs are currently high, nanotechnology research aims to advance sustainability in the construction industry by developing higher performance, longer lasting materials.
Thermodynamic and Electrochemical Aspects of Green Corrosion Inhibitors in Ac...ijtsrd
Mild steel a low carbon steel is an affordable engineering material used for many purposes in various environments including mild acidic environment with some precautions. The corrosion behaviour of mild steel MS in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 0.5 M HCl, in the temperature range 303–323 K without and with the inhibitor N 3,4 dimethoxyphenyl methyleneamino 4 hydroxy benzamide DMHB , was investigated using Potentiodynamic polarization and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy EIS techniques supplementing with surface characterization study using scanning electron microscope SEM and atomic force spectroscopy AFM . Experimental observations were found to be in agreement with Density functional theory DFT calculations. The inhibition efficiency increases with increase in DMHB concentration and showed maximum inhibition efficiency of 86 in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 81 in 0.5 M HCl, respectively, at concentration of 3 × 10 3 M at 303 K. The inhibition efficiency of DMHB obtained relatively at its lower concentration 3 × 10 3 M compared to other reported related compounds confirms its potential towards corrosion inhibition. Dr. Rakesh Kumar Dubey "Thermodynamic and Electrochemical Aspects of Green Corrosion Inhibitors in Acidic Media at Mild Steel Surfaces" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50128.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/50128/thermodynamic-and-electrochemical-aspects-of-green-corrosion-inhibitors-in-acidic-media-at-mild-steel-surfaces/dr-rakesh-kumar-dubey
Selected nanotechnology applications in industrial waste water treatment a r...Ahmed Hasham
Nanotechnology is considered the future of the world in most physics and chemical solutions that cannot
be applied in many scale level. This review aimed to highlight the different uses of nanotechnology in industrial
waste water treatment system because it is very important issue to protect the environment from the different liquid
industrial pollutants. Nanoparticles is defined by some as nanomaterials, and these materials has unusual properties
not present in ordinary materials. Nano, typically employed as a prefix, is defined as one billionth of a quantity or
term that is represented mathematically 10 9-
. Generally, refers to the processes that produces and use matter at the
nanometre level. From the review Nano-technology can be used to minimize the cost, accelerate the process and
improve the efficiency of industrial waste water treatment. Nanoparticles found to be one of the best solution in
the field of industrial waste water treatment.
This document provides an introduction to nanomaterials, including definitions and examples. It discusses that nanomaterials are between 1-100 nanometers in at least one dimension, exhibiting unique optical, electrical, and magnetic properties. Some nanomaterials occur naturally, but many are engineered for use in products like sunscreens, electronics, and medicine. Common engineered nanomaterials discussed include titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, zinc oxide, silver, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, tungsten oxide, and carbon nanotubes. The document outlines several properties and applications of these nanomaterials when used in concrete and other construction materials.
This document provides an overview of corrosion and its economic importance. Corrosion is the deterioration of materials due to chemical reactions with their environment. It affects all engineering materials but is particularly important for metals. While corrosion destroys about 5 tons of steel per second globally, costing an estimated 4% of GDP, protective measures can help control corrosion rates and extend the lifetimes of metallic structures. The document introduces basic corrosion concepts and phenomena.
This document provides an introduction to the textbook "Corrosion and Surface Chemistry of Metals" by Dieter Landolt. It discusses how corrosion limits the useful lifetime of metals and equipment, and how understanding corrosion mechanisms is crucial for implementing effective corrosion control. The book aims to provide students and engineers with a comprehensive yet accessible introduction to corrosion science and engineering principles. It covers topics such as the thermodynamics and electrochemistry of corrosion reactions, surface and interface characterization techniques, and approaches to corrosion prevention and control.
This document provides an introduction to nanotechnology and its applications in civil engineering. It discusses how nanotechnology can be used to improve properties of concrete, steel, glass, and other building materials. Specifically, it describes how nano-silica and carbon nanotubes added to concrete can increase its strength and durability. It also explains how copper nanoparticles in steel can enhance fatigue resistance and heat resistance. The document concludes by noting challenges of nanotechnology such as health risks to workers and high production costs.
This document discusses a research report submitted by four students to their professor on the topic of engineering applications of nanotechnology in corrosion. It provides background on nanotechnology and corrosion, including definitions and descriptions of key concepts. It then introduces how nanotechnology has played an increasing role in supporting innovative advances to manage corrosion of steel over the last two decades, such as through characterization of steel surfaces at the nanoscale and enhancing steel's inherent corrosion resistance by achieving nano-crystalline microstructures.
Application of nano-technology in construction Detailed ReportAmeer Muhammed
This document discusses the application of nanotechnology in civil engineering and construction materials. It defines nanomaterials as substances with at least one dimension between 1-100nm. Several potential nanomaterials for construction are described, including carbon nanotubes, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, and silver nanoparticles. Carbon nanotubes could enhance mechanical properties and structural health monitoring in concrete. Titanium dioxide can improve self-cleaning properties and air quality when added to surfaces. The document also outlines how nanotechnologies could generate stronger and lighter composites, better cementitious materials, and improved insulation for construction. Concrete properties like strength and durability may be enhanced through additions of nanosilica or carbon nanotubes.
Nano technology is the control of matter on an atomic and molecular scale less than 100 nanometers. It is being used in construction materials like concrete, steel, wood, glass, coatings and more to improve properties like strength, durability, self-cleaning, fire resistance and more. Some examples include using nano silica to densify concrete structure, carbon nanotubes to strengthen cement, titanium dioxide to provide self-cleaning surfaces, and magnesium and calcium nanoparticles to increase weld toughness. Overall, nanotechnology offers promising applications to advance sustainable construction.
The document describes research into smog absorbing concrete. When titanium dioxide (TiO2) and activated carbon are added to concrete in amounts between 0.5-1% as a replacement for cement, it gives the concrete self-cleaning and pollution absorbing properties when exposed to sunlight. Compression tests on concrete cubes at 7, 14, and 28 days showed that concrete with 0.5-1% TiO2 and activated carbon replacements had higher compressive strengths than normal concrete. Pollution chamber tests also showed that the modified concrete was effective at absorbing smog pollutants like NOx, CO, and SOx through photocatalytic reactions with the TiO2 under sunlight. The research demonstrates that smog absorbing concrete has potential
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document summarizes research on developing nanocellulose-nano clay composites for barrier applications via spray coating. Key points include:
- Nanocellulose and various nanoclays (Closite Na+, Ca++, 116) were used to create composites via spray coating and solvent casting/filtration.
- Spray coating allows for more rapid preparation of composite films compared to traditional methods.
- Composites showed low air and water vapor permeability, with permeability decreasing with increased nanoclay content and homogenization.
- Permeability of spray coated composites was comparable or better than synthetic polymers like PVC and LDPE.
- Further analysis of composite structure and properties was planned to
Similar to Nanoobjects in wood-protective coatings - Christian Lehringer (EMPA) (20)
Bridging the Gaps Final Event: Statistical calibration of CFD simulations in ...UCL
Presentation from Liora Malki-Epshtein of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering at UCL. The presentation covers her work with Statistical Sciences to improve models of street canyon pollution by calibration with experimental data
A child’s eye view of the local environment - Paskins and BrownUCL
Presentation for the Conference on Emerging Issues in the Geographies of Children and Youth held at Brunel University, 23-24 June 2005.
It was a joint presentation by James Paskins and Belinda Brown
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Nunit vs XUnit vs MSTest Differences Between These Unit Testing Frameworks.pdfflufftailshop
When it comes to unit testing in the .NET ecosystem, developers have a wide range of options available. Among the most popular choices are NUnit, XUnit, and MSTest. These unit testing frameworks provide essential tools and features to help ensure the quality and reliability of code. However, understanding the differences between these frameworks is crucial for selecting the most suitable one for your projects.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Letter and Document Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Sol...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on automated letter generation for Bonterra Impact Management using Google Workspace or Microsoft 365.
Interested in deploying letter generation automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
This presentation provides valuable insights into effective cost-saving techniques on AWS. Learn how to optimize your AWS resources by rightsizing, increasing elasticity, picking the right storage class, and choosing the best pricing model. Additionally, discover essential governance mechanisms to ensure continuous cost efficiency. Whether you are new to AWS or an experienced user, this presentation provides clear and practical tips to help you reduce your cloud costs and get the most out of your budget.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
3. Topics
Nano – where size does matter
Wood – a substrate with special characteristics
Application of engineered nanoobjects (ENOs) in
wood coatings
Environmental, health and safety aspects
Conclusions
University College of London, 04.11.2010, Christian Lehringer and Klaus Richter
4. Topics
Nano – where size does matter
Wood – a substrate with special characteristics
Application of engineered nanoobjects (ENOs) in
wood coatings
Environmental, health and safety aspects
Conclusions
University College of London, 04.11.2010, Christian Lehringer and Klaus Richter
5. Nano – where size does matter
"Nano" = 1 to 100 nm
University College of London, 04.11.2010, Christian Lehringer and Klaus Richter
ISO/TS-27687 (2008)
6. Nanotechnology
Use of nanomaterials
Anorganic
nanostructures
Organic nanostructures
Nanocomposites
Nanoparticles for drug
delivery
...
Manipulation and
assembly
Nanoparticle
manipulation
Nanostructural
architecture
Nanomanufacturing
Nanoelectronics
...
Disciplines of Nanotechnology
University College of London, 04.11.2010, Christian Lehringer and Klaus Richter
7. Topics
Nano – where size does matter
Wood – a substrate with special characteristics
Application of engineered nanoobjects (ENOs) in
wood coatings
Environmental, health and safety aspects
Conclusions
University College of London, 04.11.2010, Christian Lehringer and Klaus Richter
8. Wood – a substrate with special characteristics
University College of London, 04.11.2010, Christian Lehringer and Klaus Richter
Bio-Composite-Polymer
Porous structure
Heterogenous
Anisotropic
Combustible
Hygroscopic
Biodegradable
Sensitive to UV-radiation
Density depends on species
longitudinal
9. Topics
Nano – where size does matter
Wood – a substrate with special characteristics
Application of engineered nanoobjects (ENOs) in
wood coatings
Environmental, health and safety aspects
Conclusions
University College of London, 04.11.2010, Christian Lehringer and Klaus Richter
10. Key areas of wood surface coating
University College of London, 04.11.2010, Christian Lehringer and Klaus Richter
UV-protection
Hydrophobation
Easy-to-clean Antimicrobial
Hardness
Scratch resistance
11. Some ENOs currently used for wood
coatings and their application area
University College of London, 04.11.2010, Christian Lehringer and Klaus Richter
*with hydrophobic functionalization
Nanoobject
Aluminum
oxide
(Al2O3)
Iron(III)
oxide
(Fe2O3)
Silver
(Ag)
Titan
dioxide
(TiO2)
Zinc
oxide
(ZnO)
Silizium
dioxide
(SiO2)
Hardness x x
Abrasion resistance x x
Scratch resistance x x
UV-Protection x x x
Antimicrobial x x x
Hydrophobation/
Easy-to-clean
x*
13. UV-protection
Nanoscaled pigments of TiO2, Fe2O3, ZnO for
transparent systems
Absorption and scattering of UV light
Substitute for organic UV-Absorbers (UVA)
Combination with lignin stabilizers and hindered
amine light stabilizers (HALS)
Photocatalytic activity of nanoparticles requires
combination with radical interceptors
University College of London, 04.11.2010, Christian Lehringer and Klaus Richter
16. Hydrophobation/ Easy-to-clean
Sol-gel-technology with organofunctional silanes
or (poly)siloxanes
Effect: hydrophobic characteristic of substance +
formation of hydrophobic nanostructure
Liquid water protection feasible, water vapor
protection difficult
University College of London, 04.11.2010, Christian Lehringer and Klaus Richter
17. Wood-inorganic composites by sol-gel
process
Two stage process
Hydrolysis (here Silicic Acid Esters)
Condensation….
University College of London, 04.11.2010, Christian Lehringer and Klaus Richter
Si
OEt
EtO OEt Si
OEt
HO OH
- 2 EtOH
+ 2 H2O
OE Et O t
Tetraethoxy
silane (TEOS)
OEt
etc.
+ H2O
2 HO ..... (SiO2)nSi
OEt
OEt
HO O OH
OEt
OEt
SiSi
OEt
OH
- H2O
Silicate
20. Antimicrobials
Leach-resistance of Ag; TiO2; ZnO for long-term
effect
Nanoobjects should be released systematically
and preferably continuously in small amounts
from an actively biocidal coating
Function possibly through ingestion, as contact
poison, by photo-oxidative mechanism or
binding to microbial DNA
University College of London, 04.11.2010, Christian Lehringer and Klaus Richter
22. Surface hardness/ scratch resistance
Silicones and nanosized alumina particles (Al2O3;
SiO2) as additive
Surface modification of nanoparticles by
trialkoxysilanes to improve the dispersibility of in
acrylate media
In parquet industry, however, until now a broad
application has not been realized
University College of London, 04.11.2010, Christian Lehringer and Klaus Richter
23. Surface hardness/ scratch resistance
University College of London, 04.11.2010, Christian Lehringer and Klaus Richter
TEM picture of polyacrylate filled with
30 wt.-% nanosized silica.
Bauer 2005
24. Surface hardness/ scratch resistance
University College of London, 04.11.2010, Christian Lehringer and Klaus Richter
www.nanobyk.com
25. Challenges and future research
Homogenous dispersion of nanoobjects in
embedding matrix – avoid agglomeration
Long-term studies about leaching and
mitigation
Balance between leach-resistance and
systematic release of nanoobjects
Polymerization in the wood cell wall and
covalent bonding
University College of London, 04.11.2010, Christian Lehringer and Klaus Richter
26. Challenges and future research
Avoid crack formation, yellowing,
depolymerization, improve gloss retention
Commercial application of sol-gel-
technologies for wood impregnation
Reactivity of nanoobjects (e.g. Ag Ag2S)
Renovation cycles (sanding, coating
removal, new coating)
University College of London, 04.11.2010, Christian Lehringer and Klaus Richter
27. Design for minimal exposition of engineered
nanoobjects (ENOs)
University College of London, 04.11.2010, Christian Lehringer and Klaus Richter
“Factors of stability”
Stability of ENO integration into coating system
by trend higher by trend lower
Location of ENOs in façade
coating system
in the bottom layers at the surface
Binding type between ENOs
and coating matrix
covalent not covalent
Property of ENOs in organic
coating matrix
not photocatalytic photocatalytic
Property of ENOs in organic
or mineral coating matrix
wettability high wettability low
Property of façade coating
system
resistance against exterior influ-
ences (e.g. moisture, wind-
abrasion, temperature changes)
low resistance against exte-
rior influences
Som 2010
Stability of ENO integration into coating system
by trend higher by trend lower
in the bottom layers at the surface
covalent not covalent
not photocatalytic photocatalytic
wettability high wettability low
resistance against exterior influ-
ences (e.g. moisture, wind-
abrasion, temperature changes)
low resistance against exte-
rior influences
“Factors of stability”
Stability of ENO integrat
by trend higher
Location of ENOs in façade
coating system
in the bottom layers
Binding type between ENOs
and coating matrix
covalent
Property of ENOs in organic
coating matrix
not photocatalytic
Property of ENOs in organic
or mineral coating matrix
wettability high
Property of façade coating
system
resistance against exterior influ-
ences (e.g. moisture, wind-
abrasion, temperature changes)
28. Topics
Nano – where size does matter
Wood – a substrate with special characteristics
Application of engineered nanoobjects (ENOs) in
wood coatings
Environmental, health and safety aspects
Conclusions
University College of London, 04.11.2010, Christian Lehringer and Klaus Richter
29. University College of London, 04.11.2010, Christian Lehringer and Klaus Richter
Life cycle of nanocoatings
30. Estimated influences of ENOs on the environment,
modified after Som et al. (2010)
University College of London, 04.11.2010, Christian Lehringer and Klaus Richter
ENVIRONMENT
Ag
c)
ZnO
c)
TiO2
b)
SiO2
a)
Al2O3
a)
Indication for hazardous effects (with realistic con-
centrations)
+ + + -- --
Solution in water increases the toxic effects (+), re-
duces toxic effects (-)
++ ++ 0 -- ++
Tendency for agglomeration and sedimentation (-) or
no sedimentation (+)
- - -- -/+ --
Waste water facility releases ENO into waters (+),
does not release ENO into waters (-)
- n.i. - - -
Stable during waste incineration (+), burns during
waste incineration (-)
+ + ++ ++ ++
legend: + applies; weak indices available; - does not apply; n.i, not investigated (high
degree of uncertainty)
The indices represent the overall evaluation of the ENOs: a) rather harmless; b) big uncertainty due to lack of data; c) biological
effect traceable, effect on environment to be expected. These estimations do not represent the effects of nanoobjects that were
generated by unintended actions (e.g. traffic)
*: mostly dependent from contaminants in the samples (transition metals such as Iron, Nickel, Cobalt etc.)
#: Aluminum oxide hydroxide (AlOOH) in the lung was investigated.
31. Estimated influences of ENOs on the health on basis of
different biological studies, modified after Som et al. (2010)
University College of London, 04.11.2010, Christian Lehringer and Klaus Richter
HEALTH
Ag
a)
ZnO
c)
TiO2
a)
SiO2
a)
amorph
Al2O3
#
b)
Chronic toxicity (long term effects to be expected,
PNEC, PEC), threshold values known
n.i.
Acute toxicity
Impairment of DNA n.i.
Brain damage: damage of the central nervous sys-
tem
n.i. n.i. n.i. n.i. n.i.
Crossing and damaging tissue barriers (e.g. blood-
brain barrier, placenta, lung)
n.i. n.i. #
Skin n.i.
Gastrointestinal tract n.i.
Lung
legend: + applies; weak indices available; - does not apply; n.i, not investigated (high
degree of uncertainty)
The indices represent the overall evaluation of the ENOs: a) rather harmless; b) big uncertainty due to lack of data; c) biological
effect traceable, effect on environment to be expected. These estimations do not represent the effects of nanoobjects that were
generated by unintended actions (e.g. traffic)
*: mostly dependent from contaminants in the samples (transition metals such as Iron, Nickel, Cobalt etc.)
#: Aluminum oxide hydroxide (AlOOH) in the lung was investigated.
32. The "Collingridge dilemma“ (Collingridge 1980)
Decision making in uncertainity
University College of London, 04.11.2010, Christian Lehringer and Klaus Richter
Early phase of development
Influence on
innovations
Technical "log-in effects"
Costs for
corrections
Socio-economic “lock-in” effects
Time and
knowledge
Late phase of developmentEarly phase of development
Influence on
innovations
Costs for
corrections
Time and
knowledge
Late phase of development
33. Summary
Wood coating systems with considerable market
relevance
Thorough risk assessment, life-cycle-analysis,
material characterization, standardized
metrology required
Public acceptance strongly depends on
transparent security systems, consistent labeling
of nanoproducts and honest communication
University College of London, 04.11.2010, Christian Lehringer and Klaus Richter
34. Thank you very much for your attention
University College of London, 04.11.2010, Christian Lehringer and Klaus Richter
Editor's Notes
Acrylate-resins and polyurethanes
Outdoor and indoor application
Fast and efficient manufacturing processes (application, spreading, drying time)
Waterborn coating systems
Particle size, concentration, surface area, morphological structure, embedding into matrix
Embedding of nanoobjects into polymer matrix specificially adapted to the different components