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Gic2012 aula2-ingles
The document provides an overview of knowledge management and knowledge engineering. It discusses the differences between tacit and explicit knowledge. It also summarizes several models for knowledge management processes and activities, including acquiring, selecting, using, internalizing, and generating knowledge. Key frameworks covered include the SECI model, Frapaiolo's KM processes, and CommonKADS, a methodology for knowledge management system development.
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Gic2012 aula2-ingles
- 1. Information & Knowledge Management - Class 2 Knowledge Management vs Knowledge Engineering Marielba Zacarias Prof. Auxiliar DEEI FCT I, Gab 2.69, Ext. 7749 mzacaria@ualg.pt http://w3.ualg.pt/~mzacaria
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- 3. Knowledge Management in Organizational and Management Sciences
- 4. Types of knowledge “TheTacit Dimension”, M. Polanyi, 1966 Tacit Individual knowledge embedded in experience and involves opinions, instincts, judgements and values Explicit Knowledge shared via oral or written means (for some, information)
- 5. Types of Knowledge Empirical: Conceptual: Tacit knowledge from Explicit knowledge experience articulated through language, symbols and images Skill & “know-how”, Atention, love and trust Designs, models, concepts about Energy, passion and stress artifacts Routines: Sistemic: Tacit knowledge routinized Explícit knowledge through work practices standardized, distributed and packaged Know-how about daily Documents, Specifications, operations, organizational manuals, data bases, patents routines and culture and licences
- 6. Knowledge creation process (SECI)
- 7. Knowledge Chain internal awareness know core skills and competences internal responsiveness explore and exploit them in value actions external responsiveness capacity to satisfy market needs external awareness ability of perceiving how the market values product and services
- 8. Chain dynamics Internal Internal Awareness Responsiveness
- 9. Wrong chain internal awareness external responsiveness extensive use of graphics, no feedback loops with management through clients, few predictive efforts memos, no knowledge sharing, static procedures external awareness and policies. Focus on product lines slow distribution channels, standard internal responsiveness products, long innovation cycles, new ideas drowned by excessive focus on the hierarchical and excessively internal rate of return departamentalized structures
- 10. Right Chain internal awareness external responsiveness awareness of strenghts and reduction of filters to access weaknesses, experiences are the market and capacity of openly communicated, focus creating partnerships with on compentencies and skills clients and competitors, proactive thinking and not on products behavior internal responsiveness external awareness ability of organizing competencies based on focus on service client internl awareness and market and using knowledge as needs a value-creating product
- 11. KM Processes (Frapaiolo) Intermediation link knowledge-person from provider to consumer Externalization link knowledge-knowledge store in repository organize within classification system
- 12. KM Processes II (Frapaiolo) Internalization link knowledge-query extraction & filtering by consumer Cognition link knowledge-process application of knowledge in organizational activity
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- 14. Another model KM Influences Govern Learning Recognition of Triggers KME, Achievement of Knowledge need Knowledge Activities Projection Available for processing in Knowledge Resources
- 15. Another model Competition Fashion Markets KM Influences Technology Time Govern GEPSE climate Learning Recognition of Triggers KME, Achievement of Knowledge need Knowledge Activities Projection Available for processing in Knowledge Resources
- 16. KM Activities 1 External Sources Acquiring Using Internalizing
- 17. KM Activities 1 External Sources Identifying knowledge in the environment and transforming it into a representation for usage and/or internalization Acquiring Identifying Capturing Using Organizing Transferring Internalizing
- 18. KM Activities 2 External Sources Acquiring Knowledge Resources Using Selecting Internalizing
- 19. KM Activities 2 External Sources Participants’ knowledge Artifacts Culture Strategy … Acquiring Knowledge Resources Using Selecting Internalizing
- 20. KM Activities 2 External Sources Participants’ knowledge Artifacts Culture Strategy Identifying knowledge within … the organization’s KR and providing it in an appropriate Acquiring representation to an activity that needs it Knowledge Resources Identifying Using Selecting Capturing Organizing Transferring Internalizing
- 21. KM Activities 3 External Sources Acquiring Knowledge Resources Using Selecting Internalizing
- 22. KM Activities 3 External Sources Acquiring Knowledge Resources Using Selecting Internalizing Incorporating knowledge into the organization. Culminating activity in organizational learning Assessing Targeting Structuring Delivering
- 23. KM Activities 3 External Sources Acquiring Knowledge Resources Using Selecting Generating Internalizing Externalizing External Targets
- 24. KM Activities 3 External Sources Generating Applying existing knowledge to generate new (or not new) knowledge Acquiring Monitoring Knowledge Resources Evaluating Using Selecting Producing Transferring Generating Internalizing Externalizing External Targets
- 25. KM Activities 3 External Sources Generating Applying existing knowledge to generate new (or not new) knowledge Acquiring Monitoring Knowledge Resources Evaluating Using Selecting Producing Transferring Generating Externalizing Internalizing Externalizing Making some knowledge available in an outward form Targeting Producing External Targets Transferring
- 26. Knowledge Management Activities thatwe do not do in IM socialize synthesize internalize design externalize learn combine sharing “sensemaking” tomar decisões create
- 27. Knowledge Management in Computer Science
- 28. Knowledge Management (Laudon & Laudon) Capture, Codification and Discovery Expert Systems, Neuronal networks, fuzzy logic, data mining, genetic algorithms, intelligent agents Creation CAD, Virtual Reality, Investment workstations Sharing Tools supporting individual and collaborative work (e- mail, groupware, intranets) Distribution word processing, worksheets, publishing tools
- 29. CommonKADS Methodology to carryout structured knowledge Management, Knowledge Analysis and Knowledge-intensive system development Product from Artificial Intelligence
- 30. CommonKADS Premises Knowledge is a valuable asset Knowledge engineering lies at the heart of development, distribution and maintenance of knowledge assets
- 31. Knowledge in CommonKADS Data, information and knowledge slightly different meanings Data is uninterpreted signals Information is data with meaning Data and information that people bring about to practical use in action
- 32. Knowledge Engineering Disciplinedevoted to the analysis, design and implementation of knowledge systems knowledge systems = expert systems, knowledge-based systems, knowledge-intensive information systems
- 33. First Architecture of KnowledgeSystems Reasoning Mechanism Domain Knowledge (facts, rules)
- 34. Knowledge Engineering Principles Constructing different aspect models of human knowledge Modeling activity First concentrate on the conceptual structure of knowledge, leave programming details for later Knowledge has a stable structure analyzable through knowledge types and roles Knowledge Project must be managed in a controlled “spiral” way (iterative and incremental)
- 35. CommonKADS Model Suite organization task model agent model model knowledge communication model model design model
- 36. Organizational & Task Models Mayor features of an organization to discover problems and opportunities, feasibility and impact of knowledge systems Task layout. Inputs and outputs, pre- conditions, performance criteria, needed resources and competences
- 37. Agent & Knowledge Models Human and automated agents. Competences, authority and constraints to act. Communication links among agents. Knowledge Types and Structures in a language understandable by humans. Vehicle of communication with experts and users about problem-solving aspects
- 38. Knowledge Representation Semantic Networks, Frames Conceptual maps Class diagrams Topic Maps Graphs Rules, Scripts....
- 39. Communication and Design Models Communicative transactions Language-Action Perspective modeling approaches Technical specifications in terms of architecture, implementation platform and software modules based on the previous models
- 40. CommonKADS roles Knowledge provider/expert Knowledge engineer/analyst Knowledge-system developer Knowledge user Project Manager Knowledge Manager architecture + management issues