This document provides an introduction to nanotechnology and its applications in civil engineering. It discusses how nanotechnology can be used to improve properties of concrete, steel, glass, and other building materials. Specifically, it describes how nano-silica and carbon nanotubes added to concrete can increase its strength and durability. It also explains how copper nanoparticles in steel can enhance fatigue resistance and heat resistance. The document concludes by noting challenges of nanotechnology such as health risks to workers and high production costs.

1. welcome .
1

2. PRESENTATION BY,
JERRY PAUL VARGHESE
REG.NO:11021149
SNGIST 2
GUIDED BY:
SHINE JOB
SENIOR TUTOR
DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
SNGIST

3. Introduction
Introduction to nano materials
Applications in civil engineering
• Concrete
• Steel
• High strength bolts
• Nanotech in glass
• Fire and heat protection
 Nanotechnology in other disciplines
 Introductions to some new technology using nanotehnology
 Conclusion
 References
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4.  Nanotechnology deals with understanding, controlling and
manipulating the matter at the level of individual atoms and
molecules at the range of 0.1-100nm.
“Nanotechnology is an enabling technology that allows us
to develop materials with improved or totally new
properties”
 A nanometer is a billionth of a meter.
At the length scale of the nanometer ,10-9m,the
properties of the material actually become affected.
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING 4

5.  Nano particle: particle with at
least one dimension<100nm.
 Quantum dots if they are small
enough (< 10nm) such that
jumps in energy levels occur .
(fig.1)
 Nano composite: Produced by
adding nano particle to a bulk
material to improve the bulk
materials properties. (fig.2)
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1.
• Nano particles
2.
• Nano composites
3.
• Carbon Nano
tubes (CNT)
4.
• Titanium
oxide(TiO2)
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

6. 6
Fig.1 Fig.2
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
Nano composite

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8.  White pigment.
 Can oxidize organic materials , so added to paints,
cements, windows, tiles, or other products for
sterilizing, deodorizing and anti-fouling properties.
 In outdoor building, materials can substantially
reduce concentrations of airborne pollutants.
 Additionally, as TiO2 is exposed to UV light, it
becomes increasingly hydrophilic, thus it can be used
in windows.
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING 8

9. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING 9

10.  Cylindrical with
nanometer diameter.
 Several millimeters in
length .
 Have 5 times the
young’s modulus and
 8 times (theoretically
100 times)the strength
of steel whilst being
1/6th the density.
 Thermal conduction is
also very high among
the tube axis.
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING 10

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12.  CONSTRUCTION
 Inevitably be a beneficiary
 Already is in the fields of concrete, steel and
Glass, and many more.
 Concrete is stronger ,more durable and more
easily placed:
 Steel is made tougher:
 Glass is self-cleaning.
 Paints are made more insulating and water
repelling.
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING 12

13. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING 13

14.  Concrete-mixture of cement,
sand(fine aggregate) and
water.
 As concrete is most usable.
Require to improve.
 Mechanical behavior of
concrete materials depends
on phenomena that occur on
a micro and nanoscale.
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING 14

15. Nanotechnology can
modify: the molecular
structure of concrete
material to improve the
materials properties.
Nano-concrete: “a concrete
made with Portland cement
particles that are less than
500 nano-meters as the
cementing agent”.
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Bulk properties
Mechanical performance.
Volume stability
Durability
Sustainability of concrete
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

16. NANO-SILICA: Particle packing in concrete improved
by using nano-silica which leads to the densification of
the micro and nano structure resulting in improved
mechanical properties
Nano- silica adding to cement based materials can:
Refine pore structure
Strength enhancement
Reducing cal-leaching
Increasing durability
Accelerating hydration
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING 16

17.  Average size of Portland cement particle
is about 50 microns.
In thinner products for faster setting time,
micro cement with maximum particle size
of about 5 microns is being used.
Hydration tests indicated that the nano-cement
had a more rapid hydration rate
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18. Can be used as an excellent reflective coating.
Hydrophilic and therefore gives self cleaning
properties to surfaces to which it is applied.
Rain water is attracted to the surface and
forms sheets .
The resulting concrete ,already used in
projects around the world has a white color
that retains its whiteness very effectively
unlike the stained building of the material’s
pioneering past.
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19. The addition of small amounts (1%wt)of CNT’s
can improve the mechanical properties of
samples consisting of the main Portland cement
phase and water.
Oxidized multi-walled nano tubes (MWNT’s)
show the best improvements both in
compressive strength(+25N/mm2) and flexural
strength(+8N/mm2)compared to the samples
without the reinforcement.
A number of investigations have been carried
out for developing smart concrete using carbon
fibers.
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21. Fatigue leads to the structural failure of steel
subject to cyclic loading, such as in bridge or
towers.
Stress risers are responsible for initiating cracks
from which fatigue failure results and research has
shown that the addition of copper nanoparticle
reduces the surface unevenness of steel which then
limits the number of stress risers.
Advancements in this technology lead to increased
safety, less need for monitoring and more efficient
materials use in construction prone to fatigue
issues.
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22. Above 75 deg.Fa,regular steel starts to lose its
structural integrity ,and at 1100 F, steel loses
50% of its strength.
With nano scale copper particles ,this formula
could maintain structural integrity at
temperatures up to 1000 F.
The new steel allows ultra-high strength to be
combined with good formability, corrosion
resistance and a good surface finish.
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23. Cementite phase of steel to a Nano-size has
produced stronger cables.
A stronger cable material reduces cost,
period of constructon ,especially in
suspension bridges.
Sustainability is also enhanced by the use
of higher cable strength as this leads to a
more efficient use of materials.
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24. The capacity of high strength bolts is realized
generally through quenching and tempering
The microstructures consists of tempered
martensite.
Vanadium and molybdenum nanoparticles
delays the problems associated with high
strength bolts and also improving the steel’s
micro- structure
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25. Sandvik nanoflex
1. Produced by Sandvik Materials Technology
 MMFX2 steel
1. Produced by MMFX steel corp.
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26. TiO2 is used in nanoparticle form to coat glazing
since it has sterilizing and anti-fouling
properties.
Catalyzing reactions-breakdown organic
pollutants, volatile organic compounds and
bacterial membranes.
It is hydrophilic and this attraction to water
forms sheets out of rain drops which then wash
off the dirt particles broken down in the previous
process.
Glass incorporation this self cleaning technology
is available on the market today.
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27. SELF CLEANING GLASSES.
Major problems facing :Light and heat
entering through glazing-rain drops-organic
pollutants-volatile organic compounds and
bacterial membranes.
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28. Fire-protective glass
• Achieved by using a clear instumescent layer
sandwiched between glass panels (an
interlayer) formed of fumed silica(SIO2)
Nanoparticle which turns into a rigid and
opaque fire shield when heated.
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29. For heat protection: thin film coatings
developed which are spectrally sensitive
surface applications for window glass and
filter out unwanted I.R frequencies of light
.(passive solution)
As an active solution, thermo chromatic
technologies are being studied which react to
temperature and provide insulation to give
protection from heating whilst maintaining
adequate lighting.
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31. Wood is also comprised of nanotubes or nano
fibrils -lignocelluloses are twice as strong as
steel .
Lignocelluloses surfaces at the nanoscale
could open new opportunities for such things
as self-sterilizing surfaces, internal self-repair,
and electronic lignocelluloses devices.
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32. Currently,however,research in these Areas
appears limited.
Researchers have developed highly water
repellent coating based on the actions of
lotus leaf as a result of the incorporation of
silica and alumina nanoparticles and
hydrophobic polymers .
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33. Applied to paints -insulating properties-produced
by the addition of nano-sized cells -
giving very limited paths for thermal conduction
(R values are double for insulating foam),are
currently available.
This type of paint is used ,for corrosion
protection under insulation since it Is
hydrophobic and repels water from the metal
pipe and can also protect metal from sat water
attack.
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34. POLLUTION AMOUNT
POLLU-TANT
CARBON –
MONO-XIDE
HYDR-OCARBON
S
NITR-OGEN
OXIDES
PARTIC-ULATE
MATTER
POLLU-TION
PER DAY
421.84 184.37 110.45 12.77
The absorption of carbon
monoxide -using cuprous salt
adsorption of hydrocarbons-using
a complex nano
material.i.e., carbon monolithic
aero gels.
Sol-gel process.
Adsorption capacity
measurements show that
modified hydrophobic carbon
aero gels are excellent
adsorbents for different toxic
organic compounds from water.
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35. FLEXIBLE DISPLAY
DIRT NON-STICKY WALL
OIL REPELENT METAL
WATER RESISATANT SURFACE
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37. Because of their small particle size, nano
particles have the potential to negatively
affect the respiratory and digestive tracks
and the skin or eye surface thus exposes
workers to hazards.
▪
Small production volumes and high cost
remain the main barriers to the use of
nanotechnology .
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38. Nano-science and nanotechnology help seed
construction related nano-technological
development.
Nanotechnology has its biggest impact on
the field of civil engineering.
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39. [1] Mann, S. (2006). “Nanotechnology and Construction,”
Nanoforum Report. www.nanoforum.org, May 30,
2008.
[2] Balaguru, P. N., “Nanotechnology and Concrete:
Background, Opportunities and Challenges.” Proceedings
of the International Conference – Application of Technology
in Concrete Design, Scotland, UK, p.113-122,
2005.
[3] ARI News (2005). “Nanotechnology in Construction – One
of the Top Ten Answers to World’s Biggest
Problems.”
www.aggregateresearch.com/article.asp?id=6279, June 1,
2007.
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