its a advanced building material

1. ADVANCE BUILDING MATERIAL
Submitted By:
Md Moazzam Raza
Batch 7
IVS School of Design (South Ext.)
Submitted To:
Ar. Md Shahroz Alam
TITANIUM DIOXIDE FACADE

2. TITANIUM DIOXIDE FACADE
TiO2 Facade
Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titanium, is the
naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula TiO2. When
used as pigment, it is called titanium white, Pigment White 6, or CI
77891. Generally it comes in two different forms, rutile and anatase.

3. PRODUCT CHARACTERSTICS
• This facade takes an active stance and attacks the problem of dirty air by aiming to help
purify the air.
• The tower pulls dirt, grease, and bacteria out of the air, producing only oxidation and
water as a result.
MATERIAL COMPOSITION AND ACTION
• The reaction is triggered by the use of a Nano-coating of titanium dioxide on the outer
skin of the project. The reaction is naturally powered by sunlight acting on the titanium
dioxide during the day and supplemented by ultra violet light at night.
• These UV lights are powered by energy collected through PV panels during the day.
• The tower will be a glowing indigo object at night varying in intensity according to the
amount of solar energy collected during the day. The indigo glow will become symbolic of
the cleansing, counteracting the yellow haze that dominates the daytime hours.
• The skin design is inspired by the pocketed and cellular texture of the titanium dioxide
molecule (TiO2).

4. MATERIAL COMPOSITION AND ACTION
• A series of organic cells cover the building and are tapered to naturally collect the water, a byproduct of the
skins chemical reaction, and to collect and slowly release rain water.
• The skin pulls off of the building on the south facades to provide natural shading and pushes into the inner
skin of the north façade to maximize daylight and provide fifty percent coverage to reduce heat loss during the
winter months.
• The skin also floats off the building to conceal the UV lights which can be harmful to humans who are directly
exposed to it, and further maximizes the building’s envelope.
THE FACADE
Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium,
chemical formula TiO2. When used as a pigment, it is called titanium white, Pigment White 6, or CI 77891.
Generally it comes in two different forms, rutile and anatase. It has a wide range of applications, from paint to
sunscreen to food coloring.
TiO2 is a soft solid and melts at 1800 0C. It is polymorphous and it exists in three types of crystal structures: (a)
rutile, (b) anatase and (c) brookite. Only rutile is used commercially.

5. RUTILE:
- has density of 4.2g/cc
- is colorless (but it is used for pigmentation)
- as a chemical is Dielectric
- absorbs ultraviolet light
- has high stability
- has a pH of 7.00-8.3 when present as a solid in solution
- is composed by 94% of TiO2 and Alumina
- only diamond has a higher refractive index (how it bends light) than rutile.
*Rutile Cost: is about $10 per ton.
Where big reserves of TiO2 exist:
1. Southeast Canada
2. Southeast USA
3. Southwest Scandinavia
4. Midwest and South Africa
5. Mediterranean Sea
6. East Australia

6. PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM
• Metal (ninth most abundant element on earth)
• pure metal is 99.6%
• it density is 4.5g/ML
• melting point, 1943 K; boiling point, 3562 K
• heat of vaporization and fusion 421 kj/mol and 15.45 kj/mol respectively
• specific heat 0.52 j/Gk
• it burns in air and it is the only metal that burns in Nitrogen.
• when pure it is lustrous, white
• excellent corrosion resistant
• strong as steal and 45% lighter
• 60% heavier than aluminum and twice as strong.
• it has low module of elasticity and low coefficient of expansion
• it is not magnetic
Source of Titanium
• 1. On meteorites and sun.
• 2. On earth in igneous rocks.
• 3. In ash, plants and animal bodies.

7. APPLICATION
1. Pigment
• Titanium dioxide is the most widely used white pigment because of its brightness and
very high refractive index, in which it is surpassed only by a few other materials.
Approximately 4 million tons of pigmentary TiO2 are consumed annually worldwide.
When deposited as a thin film, its refractive index and color make it an excellent
reflective optical coating for dielectric mirrors and some gemstones like "mystic fire
topaz". TiO2 is also an effective opacifier in powder form, where it is employed as a
pigment to provide whiteness and opacity to products such as paints, coatings, plastics,
papers, inks, foods, medicines as well as most toothpastes. Opacity is improved by
optimal sizing of the titanium dioxide particles.
• In ceramic glazes titanium dioxide acts as an opacifier and seeds crystal formation.
• Titanium dioxide is often used to whiten skimmed milk; this has been shown statistically
to increase skimmed milks palatability.

8. 2. Sunscreen and UV absorber
• In cosmetic and skin care products, titanium dioxide is used as a pigment, sunscreen and
a thickener. It is also used as a tattoo pigment and in styptic pencils. Titanium dioxide is
produced in varying particle sizes, oil and water dispersible, and with varying coatings for
the cosmetic industry.
• Titanium dioxide is found in almost every sunscreen with a physical blocker because of its
high refractive index, its strong UV light absorbing capabilities and its resistance to
discoloration under ultraviolet light. This advantage enhances its stability and ability to
protect the skin from ultraviolet light

9. 3. Photocatalyst
• Titanium dioxide, particularly in the anisate form, is a photocatalyst under ultraviolet light. Recently it has
been found that titanium dioxide, when spiked with nitrogen ions or doped with metal oxide like tungsten
trioxide, is also a photo catalyst under either visible or UV light. The strong oxidative potential of the
positive holes oxidizes water to create hydroxyl radicals. It can also oxidize oxygen or organic materials
directly. Titanium dioxide is thus added to paints, cements, windows, tiles, or other products for its
sterilizing, deodorizing and anti-fouling properties and is used as a hydrolysis catalyst. It is also used in dye-
sensitized solar cells, which are a type of chemical solar cell (also known as a Graetzel cell).
• Titanium dioxide has potential for use in energy production: as a photocatalyst, it can carry out hydrolysis;
i.e., break water into hydrogen and oxygen. Were the hydrogen collected, it could be used as a fuel. The
efficiency of this process can be greatly improved by doping the oxide with carbon. Further efficiency and
durability has been obtained by introducing disorder to the lattice structure of the surface layer of titanium
dioxide nanocrystals, permitting infrared absorption.
• Titanium dioxide can also produce electricity when in nanoparticle form. By using these nanoparticles to
form the pixels of a screen, they generate electricity when transparent and under the influence of light. If
subjected to electricity on the other hand, the nanoparticles blacken, forming the basic characteristics of a
LCD screen.

10. 3. Photocatalyst……
• phenomenon for titanium dioxide coated glass exposed to sun light results in the
development of self-cleaning glass and anti-fogging coatings.
• TiO2 incorporated into outdoor building materials, such as paving stones in noxer blocks or
paints, can substantially reduce concentrations of airborne pollutants such as volatile
organic compounds and nitrogen oxides.
• TiO2 offers great potential as an industrial technology for detoxification or remediation of
wastewater due to several factors.
a. The process occurs under ambient conditions very slowly; direct UV light exposure
increases the rate of reaction.
b. The formation of photo cyclized intermediate products, unlike direct photolysis
techniques, is avoided.
c. Oxidation of the substrates to CO2 is complete.
d. The photo catalyst is inexpensive and has a high turnover.
e. TiO2 can be supported on suitable reactor substrates.

11. 4. Oxygen Sensors
Even in mildly reducing atmospheres titania tends to lose oxygen and become sub
stoichiometric. In this form the material becomes a semiconductor and the electrical
resistivity of the material can be correlated to the oxygen content of the atmosphere to
which it is exposed. Hence titania can be used to sense the amount of oxygen (or reducing
species) present in an atmosphere’s)
5. Antimicrobial Coatings
The photocatalytic activity of titania results in thin coatings of the material exhibiting self
cleaning and disinfecting properties under exposure to UV radiation. These properties make
the material a candidate for applications such as medical devices, food preparation surfaces,
air conditioning filters, and sanitary ware surfaces.

12. Overview
Titanium dioxide (TiO²) is a photocatalyst which exhibits strong oxidative property when exposed to ultraviolet
(UV)light. TiO² is able to decompose harmful organic compounds, kill bacteria and eliminate odors. TiO²’s
reactivity is used in many environmentally beneficial applications including water treatment and purification,
atmospheric NOx (nitrogen oxide) removal and self-cleaning building façade. Titanium dioxide is non-toxic and
therefore is used in cosmetic products and in pharmaceutics

13. Technology
When TiO² absorbs UV light, electrons are promoted from the valence band to the conduction band,
producing holes in the valence band. The production of pairs of negative-electrons (e-) and positive-holes (h+) is
called “photo-excitation”. The holes in the valence band react with water on the titanium dioxide coating,
forming hydroxyl radicals. When contaminant in the air is adsorbed onto the TiO², the hydroxyl radical attacks
the contaminant, extracting a hydrogen atom from the contaminant. The hydroxyl radical oxidizes the
contaminant, producing water, carbon dioxide and other harmless substances. Hydroxyl radicals have much
stronger oxidative power than chlorine or ozone which is used as a sterilizer
Building Facade Applications
1. Atmosphere Cleaning (NOx removal from the atmosphere)
2. Deodorization (Indoor odor and Volatile Organic Compounds removal)
3. Self-Cleaning (Dirt removal for exterior building facade)
4. Water Treatment (Water sterilization and odor removal)
5. Anti-Bacterial (Bacteria growth elimination)

15. THANK YOU