Embryology of Nervous System
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This document contains information about Marwan Alhalabi's background and positions as a professor of reproductive medicine and clinical director of an assisted reproduction center in Damascus, Syria. It then provides details about brain development, including that the spinal cord develops from the caudal two-thirds of the neural tube and lists some structures in the diencephalon. Finally, it outlines techniques for sonography examination of the central nervous system, including axial and sagittal scanning planes and features to evaluate such as the midline and ventricles.
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Embryology of Nervous System
- 6. • 6
- 14. • The spinal cord develops from the caudal 2/3 of the neural tube
- 22. • Pineal gland: sleep-wake cycle, secretes melatonin. • Epithalamus: masticatory and swallowing functions. • Thalamus: major relay of sensory input to cerebral cortex.
- 23. Diencephalon
- 37. 2 Microcephaly Anencephaly Chiari0Malforma3on Head normal or smallHead normal or small DiaDia halus , T 21halus , T 21 Ventriculomegaly HydranceHydrance Hydranecphaly Encephalocele Occipital EncephaloceleOccipital Encephalocele Imaging FindingsImaging Findings Herniated brain tissueHerniated brain tissue „„cyst within the cystcyst within the cyst““ Ventriculomegaly 70Ventriculomegaly 70-- 80%80% Microcephaly 25%Microcephaly 25% PolyhydramniosPolyhydramnios OligohydramniosOligohydramnios CAVE:CAVE: Associated with multipleAssociated with multiple syndroms ( Meckelsyndroms ( Meckel-- Gruber )Gruber ) Pilu Holoprosencephaly Hemimegalencephaly Arachnoid0cyst ACC SOP Schizencephaly SchizencephalySchizencephaly PFAFluidACyst Yong seok et a Vascular0 Malforma3ons Circle of Willis MallformationCircle of Willis Mallformation
- 40. Axial0Planes
- 64. Sagibal0Planes00
- 71. 30 Basic Examniation ChecklistBasic Examniation Checklist Head + NeckHead + Neck Midline & FalxMidline & Falx Cavum septi pellucidiCavum septi pellucidi Lateral cerebral ventriclsLateral cerebral ventricls Choroid PlexusChoroid Plexus CerebellumCerebellum Cisterna magnaCisterna magna Sunday, July 28, 13 • Head & Neck • Midline & Falx • Cavum septipellucidi • Lateral cerebral ventricles • Choroid plexus • Cerebellum • Cisterna magna
- 72. 32 Microcephaly Anencephaly Chiari0Malforma3on Head normal or smallHead normal or small DiaDia halus , T 21halus , T 21 Ventriculomegaly HydranceHydrance Hydranecphaly Encephalocele Occipital EncephaloceleOccipital Encephalocele Imaging FindingsImaging Findings Herniated brain tissueHerniated brain tissue „„cyst within the cystcyst within the cyst““ Ventriculomegaly 70Ventriculomegaly 70-- 80%80% Microcephaly 25%Microcephaly 25% PolyhydramniosPolyhydramnios OligohydramniosOligohydramnios CAVE:CAVE: Associated with multipleAssociated with multiple syndroms ( Meckelsyndroms ( Meckel-- Gruber )Gruber ) Pilu Holoprosencephaly Hemimegalencephaly Arachnoid0cyst ACC SOP Schizencephaly SchizencephalySchizencephaly PFAFluidACyst Yong seok et a Vascular0 Malforma3ons Circle of Willis MallformationCircle of Willis Mallformation
- 78. 78