1. Embedded systems allow for controlling devices remotely such as driving a car from 2km away. Real-time operating systems and embedded systems allow for these advanced capabilities. 2. An embedded system is a computer system with dedicated functions within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints. It usually has software programmed into read-only memory. 3. Examples of embedded systems include processors in consumer electronics, appliances, aircraft control systems, and medical equipment. Processors must be selected based on specifications like instruction set and clock frequency.

1. EMBEDDED SYSTEMS Presented by : Pratik Mehta Guided by : Mr.Chirag Modi An Overview

2. Configuring pacemaker while 2kms away.

3. Person is travelling in driverless car

4. Possible within few couples of years. Real Time Operating System (RTOS) and Embedded system are the major technologies that played a major role in making the above fairly tales come true.

5. Defination of Embedded System An embedded system is one that has computer hardware with software embedded in it as one of its most important component. It is a dedicated computer based system for an application or product. As its software usually embeds in ROM , it does not need secondary memories as in a computer.

6. CHARACTERISTICS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM

7. COMPONENTS Main application Software : Which may perform concurrently the series of tasks or multiple tasks. RTOS: Supervises the application software and provides a mechanism to let processor run process as per scheduling. Hardware: Which includes following components.

9. EMBEDDED SYSTEM EXAMPLE

10. PROCESSOR A Processor is the heart of the embedded system. The Processor used in system can be one of the following: GPP ASSP Multiprocessor system using GPPs

11. Important considerations when selecting a processor: Instruction set Maximum bits in an operand Clock frequency in MHz and processing speed in MIPS.

12. EMBEDDED SOFTWARE Typical structure of a simple embedded Software loop read inputs/sensors; compute response; generate outputs; forever

13. Design Decisions  How to read inputs?  How often to read inputs?  Which order to read the inputs?  How to compute responses?  How to generate the responses?  How often to generate?

14. The simplest approach-Round Robin Scheme loop await tick; read S1; take_action(S1); read S2; take_action(S2); read S3; take_action(S3); forever Where, Tick is a time interrupt

15. PROBLEMS  Processing speed decides the input rate!  All sensors are treated identically  Fragile scheme More sensors-more processing delay.  Fine for interactive system not for reactive system 

16. The Most General Scheme  Real-time OS (RTOS kernel) – manages the tasks – task communications – timer services – Schedules the tasks for execution using various scheduling strategies

17. Problems with RTOS  too much time and space overhead  more complex design  deadlocks  Building predictable system is very challenging

18. Video games, Video terminals, multiple levels of wireless networking, media caching and always on access to friends, news, entertainment, and data will keep our homes humming and trillions of MIPS flowing. With terabytes and petabytes of storage, we will be able to store every book, every song, and every movie we have ever seen or ever want to see. IT'S TOMORROW

19. Imagination is more Powerful than knowledge -Albert Einstein THANK YOU