Organic farming techniques were implemented on a farm in West Bengal to grow rice, cabbage, and green gram. The techniques included using compost, vermicompost, oil cakes and biofertilizers to nourish the soil while prohibiting synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. Economic analysis found the organic cultivation of each crop to be profitable with benefit-cost ratios above 1. Challenges to organic farming included lack of government support, certification costs and consumer awareness, but yields improved over time as soil fertility increased without chemical inputs.

1. “Experiential Learning Programme of Organic Production of Crops
in Lateritic zone of West Bengal”
Submitted by:
TANMAY MODAK
Roll no- SUS-30
&
Sushovan Majhi
Roll no- SUS-28
8th semester, 4th Year
Organic production (ELP-456)

2. • According to IFOAM (International Federation Of Organic
Agriculture Movement )- Organic farming is an agricultural
system that promotes environmentally, socially and
economically sound production of food , fibre, timber etc.
» In this system , soil fertility is seen as the key of
successful production. Working with the natural
properties of plant , animals and landscape,
organic farming aim to optimize quality in all
aspects of agriculture and environment.

3. Objective of Organic Farming
• To increase the long-term soil fertility.
• To control pests & diseases without harming
the environment.
• To ensure that water stays clean & safe.
• To use resources which the farmer already
has, so the farmer needs less money to buy
farm inputs.
• To produce nutritious food, feed for animals &
high quality crops to sell at a good price.

4. Substances prohibited for Organic
Certification Programme
• All synthetic compounds,
• Chilean substrate,
• Substances with heavy metals,
• Basic slug, Rock phosphate, Sewage slug,
• Polychloride based protective structure,
• P.V.C based packaging material
• G.M.O crops
• Manure with Human excreta

5. Principles of organic farming
 Principles of health
Principle of ecology
Principle of fairness
Principle of care

6.  Border crops,
 Buffer zone,
 Crop rotation
 Biofertilizer
 Manure(like liquid manure-Jibamitra) and Compost
 Green manuring,Azolla
 Vermicompost
 Biological management(like IPM,INM)
 Plant protection inputs
 Soil application of Trichoderma,
 Seed treatment with Bijamitra
 Neem based products

7. Components of organic farming
componentsof
organic farming
Crop rotation
Crop residue
utilization
Waste management
Organic manure
Bio fertilizers
Bio pesticides
vermicompost

8. BORDER CROPS:
 Border or barrier plants are a management tool based on
secondary plants used within or bordering primary crops for
the purpose of disease control.
 Barrier plants act as a real natural sinks for non persistent
vector transmitted viruses and proved to be an effective crop
management strategy to protect against virus infection.
Major border crops are MAIZE
ARHAR
sorghum

9. Figure:- Border Crops

10. Advantage of border cropping
Serves as windbreak
Preserves the indigeneous natural enemy
Helps conserves the soil and environment
 Improves the main crop quality

11. What is Buffer Zone
• It is an area located between a certified
production operation and an adjacent
area that is not maintained under
organic management
–Width with 5-30 m. recommended for
ideal buffer zone

12. Advantages of buffer zone
To prevent entry of prohibited substances or
organisms that is contaminants (like pesticides
with runoff water)
Reduce loss of soil(erosion) due to runoff
water

13. Figure: Buffer Zone

14. Organic manure
• The organic manure is derived from biological
sources like plant, animal and human
resources. Organic manure act in many ways
in augmenting crop growth and soil fertility.
–It augments the beneficial soil
microorganisms and their activities
and thus increases the availability of
major and minor plant nutrients.

15. Types of organic manure
• 1. Bulky organic manure
A. FYM
B. Compost
C. Green manuring
• 2. Concentrated organic manure
A. Oil cakes(like neem cake, mahua cake,Castor cake)
B. Bloodmeal
C. Fishmeal
D. Horn and hoof meal
• 3. Liquid Organic Manure Jibamrita

16. Green Manuring
Green leaf manuring(ex-situ) Green manuring (in situ)
Crops grown on bunds or
wastelands with prime objective of
utilizing their foliage as green
manure
Method of incorporation of
growing plants, preferably legumes
in the same field where they are
being grown
It’s done along with growing crops
as the standing rice in south India
or eastern India.
method is adopted in north India
with deep soil and high rainfall or
medium rainfall with assured
irrigation facilities to ensure proper
decomposition.
Crops: Gliricidia sepium,
Pongamia glabra, Calotropis
gigantea, Leucaena leucocephala
Sesbania glandriflora
Crops: Crotolaria juncea,
Sesbania rostrata,
Sesbania aculeata

18. • Biofertilizer can be defined as biological
products containing living microorganisms
that when applied to seed , plant surfaces, or
soil , promote growth by several mechanisms
such as increasing the supply of nutrients ,
increasing root biomass and root area and
increasing the nutrient uptake capacity of
plant.

19. Advantages of biofertilizer
Biofertilizers can enhance the biomass
production and grain yield by 10-20%.
They are useful in sustainable agriculture
They are useful in organic farming
Replace chemical Nitrogen & Phosphorus
by 30%

20. Types of biofertilizer
• 1. Symbiotic N-fixation:-
• Rhizobium
• 2. Asymbiotic nitrogen fixation:-
Azotobacter
Azospirillium
Blue green algae
Azolla

21.  It is organic manure produced by activity of
earthworms . It is a method of making
compost with the use of earthworms that
generally live in soil , eat biomass and
excreted in digest form.
 It is rich in macro and micro nutrients ,
vitamins , growth hormones and immobilized
microflora.
 vermi-compost contains 1.50% nitrogen,
0.30% phosphorus and 0.56% potash.

22. Economic analysis of crop cultivation
• Selected cropping sequence:-
Paddy(Kharif)- Cabbage (Rabi)-Greengram(Zaid)
• The following economic analysis
is done for 1 ha for each crop.
• Variety:-
• Aman Paddy:- Lal Swarna
• Cabbage:- Pusa drumhead
• Green gram(Mung):- Pusa-Baishaki

23. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CROPS
Package practices of Organic Rice
• Sowing time:- Seeds are broadcasted in the nursery bed during 2nd to
3rd week of june and after 3-4 weeks Transplanting is done during 10th
july and onwards taking 2-3 seedings/hill
• Seed rate- 48 kg/ha
• Spacing:- 20cm*10cm
• Gap filling:- 7-10 days after transplanting
• Weeding:- hand weeding & mechanical weeding 25 DAT & 45DAT
• Nutrient management:- Compost(3000kg),Vermicompost(1334kg),
Mustard oil cake(833kg), 2/3 of total manures are giveen at basal
dose and 1/6 at 45 DAS and 1/6 at 60 DAS
• Irrigation:- If irrigation is required 1-2 irrigations is provided by RLI.
• Plant protection inputs:- Seed treatment with Bijamitra @ 1L/kg of
seed and Neemastra @ 250L/ha/spray(4 sprays)
• Harvesting:- end of the October.

24. Aman Paddy
• Recommended dose of nitrogen is 120 kg/ha that is given equally from oil cakes,
vermin-compost & compost.

25. Calculation
• TOTAL YIELD = 5 tonnes
• GROSS RETURN =Rs. (5 × 18,680)(MSP price of 2020-21)
=Rs. 93,400
• TOTAL COST OF CULTIVATION =Rs. 75,686
• NET RETURN = (93,400– 75,686) =Rs. 17,714
• BENEFIT-COST RATIO = 1.23
•
• As the Benefit-Cost > 1, organic cultivation of rice is
profitable.

26. Package practices of Cabbage
• Duration of crops:- 90-120 days
• Seed rate:- 500 g/ha
• Spacing:- 45cm x 30cm
• Soil:- ranging from sandy loam to clay with pH ranging
from 5.5 to 6
• Nutrient management:-
Compost(5600kg),Vermicompost(933kg), Mustard oil
cake(538kg) ½ of manures are applied as basal dose
and rest are applied at 30-35 days after planting
• Irrigation:- 5-7 irrigations is provided by RLI.
• Plant protection inputs:- Seed treatment with Bijamitra
@ 1L/kg of seed, Neemastra @ 250L/ha/spray(15
sprays) and soil application of P. fluorescens

27. • The recommended dose of nitrogen for cabbage is 84 kg/ha. One-third of this amount i.e.
28 kg/ha each will be provided from mustard oilcake, vermi-compost and farm compost.
COMPONENTS QUANTITY Price(Rs.) Value
Seed 0.5 kg /ha 17500/kg 8,750.00
Irrigation 5 -7 ( RLI ) 2,000.00
Machine labour (2
cultivations by tractor)
Contractual basis 4,000.00
Hired labour 50 250/labour/day 15,000.00
Manures Mustard cake 538 kg
Vermicompost 933 kg
Farm compost 5600 kg
Mustard cake: 20/kg
Vermicompost: 5/kg
Farm compost: 5/kg
44,325.00
Plant protection Soil application of
P. fluorescens: 18.75 L/ha
Seed treatment with Bijamrita:
0.5 L
Nimastra: 250 L/ha/spray (total
15 spray
P. fluorescence: 475/L
Bijamrita: 2/L
Nimastra: 1/L
12657.00
Misc. 2000
TOTAL 88,632.00

28. Calculation
• ➢ Total yield: 20 t/ha
• ➢ Total return: Rs. (11000 * 20) = Rs. 2,20000.00
• ➢ Return over cost: Rs. (2,20000.00 – 88,632.00) = Rs. 1,31368.00
• ➢ Return-cost ratio: 2.48
• ➢ As the B:C ratio > 1, cultivation of cabbage is profitable.

29. Package practices of Green gram
• Sowing time:- during early March
• Seed rate:- 20kg/ha
• Sowing method:- Broadcasting
• Weeding:- Hand weeding & mechanical weeding two
times 20 DAS & 40 DAS
• Nutrient management:- Compost(2000kg),
Vermicompost(334kg). Total amount of manures are
applied during field preparation.
• Irrigation:- 2-3 irrigations is provided by RLI
• Plant protection inputs:- Seed treatment with Bijamitra
@ 1L/kg of seed and Neemastra @ 250L/ha/spray(3
sprays)
• Harvesting:- end of May

30. GREEN GRAM
• Recommended dose of Nitrogen is 20 kg/ha that is given equally from
vermicompost & compost

31. Calculation
• TOTAL YIELD = 0.9 tonnes
• GROSS RETURN =Rs.(0.9 × 71,960)(MSP price
of 2020-21) = Rs. 64,764
• TOTAL COST OF CULTIVATION =Rs. 30,710
• NET RETURN = (64,764 – 30,710) =Rs. 34,054
• RETURN-COST RATIO = 2.10
• As the benefit: cost > 1, organic cultivation of
green gram is profitable.

32. Constraints of Organic Farming
• Government policy
• Defined market value
• Consumer awarness
• Lack of proper training
• Certification time and cost
• Low yield in early stages
• Labour intensive

34. SOME PHOTOS OF ORGANIC BASED PRODUCT OF
RICE, CABBAGE & GREEN GRAM

35. Organic certification Logo India

36. Remark
• Overall, Organic Cultivation at the farm located at
Lateritic zone in Bankura District become very
much profitable. It will encourage farmers of the
surrounding places to adopt Organic Farming
which will be a positive step for:
Long-term productivity of land
Food security and stability,
Environmental impact,
Social impact

37. Conclusion
• Organic farming works in harmony with nature rather
than against it. This involves using technique to achieve
good crop yield without harming the natural
environment or the people who live and work in it. In
another way organic farming is kind of agricultural that
provide the consumers with fresh, tasty, reliable food
while regarding natural life cycle system.
• Organic agriculture has grown out of the
conscious efforts by inspired people to create
the best possible relationship between the earth
and man.

38. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our special thanks
of gratitude to
 Dr. P.K.Patra, Associate Dean, B.C.K.V Bankura
Campus
Miss Anita Hansda, Assistant professor
 Mr. Sanjay Bairagi, Assistant professor
We also feel blessed for having our parents, our
family members, and our batchmates as
supportive structures of our works.

39. THANK YOU