This document describes an electronic circuit breaker that uses a microcontroller to detect overcurrent conditions and trip the circuit faster than a traditional thermal circuit breaker. It senses current using a current transformer, converts the analog signal to digital with an ADC for the microcontroller to compare to a preset threshold. If the current exceeds the threshold, an optocoupler activates a triac to disconnect the load within microseconds. This provides faster protection than thermal circuit breakers, which can take longer to trip depending on the percentage of overload. The microcontroller used is an ATiny85 and the optocoupler and triac components are MOC3041 devices, which isolate the microcontroller from the AC supply. Testing showed the electronic circuit
Power grid synchronization failure detection and recoveryeSAT Journals
Abstract As the power grid failure problems continue to persist in the country, need arises to make it more efficient and effective. This is a
demonstration devised to provide such kind of a system that could detect the failure in synchronous working of the power grid in
case any external supply source that is supplying to the grid is encountering any kind of abnormalities may be in current levels,
voltage levels, temperature and oil level. There are various generation units that usually supply power to the grids such as
thermal plants, solar plants, hydro-electric plants etc. All the generation units that connect to the grid have to obey the rules or
standards laid down for the operation of a grid. These rules involve maintaining of voltage variation, current variation, oil-level
variation and temperature variation within these specified limits. If there are any kind of abnormalities or deviations from the
acceptable limits laid down by the grid, it then gets crucial that the particular feeding source should get automatically
disconnected from the entire grid temporarily, this process is widely termed islanding. This would prevent large scale occurrences
of events of black outs. Hence it would be beneficial and wise if we could have a system that would be so efficient that it could
issue intimations about the potential variations in the arrangements and in addition provide the exact distance of the fault
location on a feeder line from the base grid and keep the particular source temporarily on a standby basis while this process takes
place. Variation of the system voltage should be around +-5% as per central electricity authority of India Regulations, 2010. This
paper is an approach on devising out a system that helps the grid resolve problems related to black out situations hence making it
a smart grid.
Keywords: - current variation, voltage variation, temperature variation, oil level detection, islanding, smart grid,
active method, passive method.
Detecting Power Grid Synchronization Failure on Sensing Frequency or Voltage ...Edgefxkits & Solutions
Synchronization means the minimization of difference in voltage, frequency and phase angle between the corresponding phases of the generator output and grid supply. An alternating current generator must be synchronized with the grid prior to connection. It can’t deliver the power unless it is running at same frequency as the network.
SCADA for remote industrial plant project is used to process the real time data acquisition under supervisory control for large scale remote industries.
Power grid synchronization failure detection and recoveryeSAT Journals
Abstract As the power grid failure problems continue to persist in the country, need arises to make it more efficient and effective. This is a
demonstration devised to provide such kind of a system that could detect the failure in synchronous working of the power grid in
case any external supply source that is supplying to the grid is encountering any kind of abnormalities may be in current levels,
voltage levels, temperature and oil level. There are various generation units that usually supply power to the grids such as
thermal plants, solar plants, hydro-electric plants etc. All the generation units that connect to the grid have to obey the rules or
standards laid down for the operation of a grid. These rules involve maintaining of voltage variation, current variation, oil-level
variation and temperature variation within these specified limits. If there are any kind of abnormalities or deviations from the
acceptable limits laid down by the grid, it then gets crucial that the particular feeding source should get automatically
disconnected from the entire grid temporarily, this process is widely termed islanding. This would prevent large scale occurrences
of events of black outs. Hence it would be beneficial and wise if we could have a system that would be so efficient that it could
issue intimations about the potential variations in the arrangements and in addition provide the exact distance of the fault
location on a feeder line from the base grid and keep the particular source temporarily on a standby basis while this process takes
place. Variation of the system voltage should be around +-5% as per central electricity authority of India Regulations, 2010. This
paper is an approach on devising out a system that helps the grid resolve problems related to black out situations hence making it
a smart grid.
Keywords: - current variation, voltage variation, temperature variation, oil level detection, islanding, smart grid,
active method, passive method.
Detecting Power Grid Synchronization Failure on Sensing Frequency or Voltage ...Edgefxkits & Solutions
Synchronization means the minimization of difference in voltage, frequency and phase angle between the corresponding phases of the generator output and grid supply. An alternating current generator must be synchronized with the grid prior to connection. It can’t deliver the power unless it is running at same frequency as the network.
SCADA for remote industrial plant project is used to process the real time data acquisition under supervisory control for large scale remote industries.
DETECTING POWER GRID SYNCHRONISATION FAILURE ON SENSING BAD VOLTAGE OR FREQUE...Pradeep Avanigadda
The project is designed to develop a system to detect the synchronization failure of any external supply source to the power grid on sensing the abnormalities in frequency and voltage.
There are several power generation units connected to the grid such as hydel, thermal, solar etc to supply power to the load. These generating units need to supply power according to the rules of the grid. These rules involve maintaining a voltage variation within limits and also the frequency. If any deviation from the acceptable limit of the grid it is mandatory that the same feeder should automatically get disconnected from the grid which by effect is termed as islanding. This prevents in large scale brown out or black out of the grid power. So it is preferable to have a system which can warn the grid in advance so that alternate arrangements are kept on standby to avoid complete grid failure.
DETECTING POWER GRID SYNCHRONISATION FAILURE ON SENSING BAD VOLTAGE OR FREQUENCYPradeep Avanigadda
This paper presents the development of a microcontroller based islanding detection for grid connected inverter with very simple under/over voltage and under/over frequency islanding detection algorithms.
The microcontroller monitors the under/over voltage and under/over frequency from utility grid and the processed value of voltage and frequency for turning ON/OFF the relay between a grid connected inverter and the utility grid.
The project would alternatively use a variable frequency generator using 555timer for changing the frequency while a standard variac shall be used to vary the input voltage for achieving the test conditions as stated above.
PROJECT - " PROGRAMMABLE ENERGY METER CALCULATOR"BhanuKhandelwal5
this is my project ppt which i make in 2019 on the topic of "Programable energy auditing equipment for industry for instanteous electrical load survey" which basically calculate the billing of energy meter and send message to mobile cdms and for every unit bill is calculated and message comes
Intelligent Electric Power Management Using Zigbee with Advanced Metering Inf...Akbar Badusha
This project mainly focuses on reduction of power cut and power theft. The main reason for the power cut is shortage of power in the generation unit. We can rectify this problem through our project.
Whenever the generation falls behind a particular limit (it is set initially by EB) the power management system will automatically switched on. Power will be supplied to only the basic necessary equipment (as stated in the priority list) power to other load will be stopped so that huge amount of power can be saved without power cut.
In our project, this is achieved using NS2 software and using ZIGBEE. Whenever generation falls below the particular value, then the load will be automatically switched off based on priority. And it can also be done through an interrupt. Through ZIGBEE command the interrupt will be sent to microcontroller to cut the power to the particular load.
When microcontroller receiving the command, the relay will cut the power to the equipment. So the power will be saved.
In this project,the method to detect and to control the power theft is also stated. Other methods of power theft like damaging, by passing electrical power meter can also be detected and can be punished.
Man power can also be reduced. The power usage of the customer will be automatically updated in the EB station so there is no need of man power to take meter reading in the user side. After every two months the reading will be automatically resetted.
Full presentation on the new technology of prepaid electricity meters.
Includes detailed points like theft control and full diagram on the flow of connection from stations to prepaid meter
Automated load shedding using microcontrollerRajVerma175
In this proposed model automated load shedding can be using microcontroller and relay module. this model is applicable only based on voltage sagging but it can be made based on current only replacing transformer to current transformer.
Electricity theft detection and localisation in unknown radial low voltage ne...eSAT Journals
Abstract The distribution of electricity involves both technical and non-technical losses. One major cause of non-technical loss is the illegal abstraction of electricity which is also known as ‘Electricity Theft’. The illegal usage of electricity has many associated problems, both for utilities and consumers of electricity, implying that there is a pressing need for theft detection and localisation. Traditional methods of identifying illegal electricity consumers are time consuming and ineffective as measurements have to be performed at a large number of suspected locations. Smart metering in future electricity networks will lead to a more efficient automated system for the detection and localisation of electricity theft. This will enable immediate action to be taken by distribution network operators against the offenders and will help to improve the quality, reliability and security of electricity supply systems. The aim of this study was to analyse the performance of an electricity theft detection and localisation technique in an unknown grid. The method assumed the availability of measured voltages, currents, and powers from installed smart meters. The detection step was a power comparison process and the localisation step was a voltage comparison process. The investigation involved analysis in the presence of single and simultaneous multiple thefts. To better represent future networks with increasing penetration of renewable energy generators, distributed generation was added to the system and the capability of the detection and localisation technique was further explored. All the simulations were performed in Matlab/Simulink. It was found that the method performed satisfactorily, with a minimum stolen power of 450 W successfully detected and localised. Keywords: Electricity Theft, Smart Meters, Double Feeding, Low Voltage Radial Network, Matlab/Simulink
StartOff ACCL [Automatic Source Changeover cum Current LimiterZubair Kodiyathur
StartOff ACCL Series are designed to connect mains supply to load till mains is present. On mains failure and receiving generator power, it connects the load to DG supply. During DG operation, load drawn is monitored. If the load exceeds the allotted limit, it disrupts the supply and rechecks in intervals. On reducing the load and keeping it within the limit, load is connected to DG supply. For different applications, we have
specific models. They are with load limiter, without load limiter, transfer of load from one phase to other phase and many additional functions.
DETECTING POWER GRID SYNCHRONISATION FAILURE ON SENSING BAD VOLTAGE OR FREQUE...Pradeep Avanigadda
The project is designed to develop a system to detect the synchronization failure of any external supply source to the power grid on sensing the abnormalities in frequency and voltage.
There are several power generation units connected to the grid such as hydel, thermal, solar etc to supply power to the load. These generating units need to supply power according to the rules of the grid. These rules involve maintaining a voltage variation within limits and also the frequency. If any deviation from the acceptable limit of the grid it is mandatory that the same feeder should automatically get disconnected from the grid which by effect is termed as islanding. This prevents in large scale brown out or black out of the grid power. So it is preferable to have a system which can warn the grid in advance so that alternate arrangements are kept on standby to avoid complete grid failure.
DETECTING POWER GRID SYNCHRONISATION FAILURE ON SENSING BAD VOLTAGE OR FREQUENCYPradeep Avanigadda
This paper presents the development of a microcontroller based islanding detection for grid connected inverter with very simple under/over voltage and under/over frequency islanding detection algorithms.
The microcontroller monitors the under/over voltage and under/over frequency from utility grid and the processed value of voltage and frequency for turning ON/OFF the relay between a grid connected inverter and the utility grid.
The project would alternatively use a variable frequency generator using 555timer for changing the frequency while a standard variac shall be used to vary the input voltage for achieving the test conditions as stated above.
PROJECT - " PROGRAMMABLE ENERGY METER CALCULATOR"BhanuKhandelwal5
this is my project ppt which i make in 2019 on the topic of "Programable energy auditing equipment for industry for instanteous electrical load survey" which basically calculate the billing of energy meter and send message to mobile cdms and for every unit bill is calculated and message comes
Intelligent Electric Power Management Using Zigbee with Advanced Metering Inf...Akbar Badusha
This project mainly focuses on reduction of power cut and power theft. The main reason for the power cut is shortage of power in the generation unit. We can rectify this problem through our project.
Whenever the generation falls behind a particular limit (it is set initially by EB) the power management system will automatically switched on. Power will be supplied to only the basic necessary equipment (as stated in the priority list) power to other load will be stopped so that huge amount of power can be saved without power cut.
In our project, this is achieved using NS2 software and using ZIGBEE. Whenever generation falls below the particular value, then the load will be automatically switched off based on priority. And it can also be done through an interrupt. Through ZIGBEE command the interrupt will be sent to microcontroller to cut the power to the particular load.
When microcontroller receiving the command, the relay will cut the power to the equipment. So the power will be saved.
In this project,the method to detect and to control the power theft is also stated. Other methods of power theft like damaging, by passing electrical power meter can also be detected and can be punished.
Man power can also be reduced. The power usage of the customer will be automatically updated in the EB station so there is no need of man power to take meter reading in the user side. After every two months the reading will be automatically resetted.
Full presentation on the new technology of prepaid electricity meters.
Includes detailed points like theft control and full diagram on the flow of connection from stations to prepaid meter
Automated load shedding using microcontrollerRajVerma175
In this proposed model automated load shedding can be using microcontroller and relay module. this model is applicable only based on voltage sagging but it can be made based on current only replacing transformer to current transformer.
Electricity theft detection and localisation in unknown radial low voltage ne...eSAT Journals
Abstract The distribution of electricity involves both technical and non-technical losses. One major cause of non-technical loss is the illegal abstraction of electricity which is also known as ‘Electricity Theft’. The illegal usage of electricity has many associated problems, both for utilities and consumers of electricity, implying that there is a pressing need for theft detection and localisation. Traditional methods of identifying illegal electricity consumers are time consuming and ineffective as measurements have to be performed at a large number of suspected locations. Smart metering in future electricity networks will lead to a more efficient automated system for the detection and localisation of electricity theft. This will enable immediate action to be taken by distribution network operators against the offenders and will help to improve the quality, reliability and security of electricity supply systems. The aim of this study was to analyse the performance of an electricity theft detection and localisation technique in an unknown grid. The method assumed the availability of measured voltages, currents, and powers from installed smart meters. The detection step was a power comparison process and the localisation step was a voltage comparison process. The investigation involved analysis in the presence of single and simultaneous multiple thefts. To better represent future networks with increasing penetration of renewable energy generators, distributed generation was added to the system and the capability of the detection and localisation technique was further explored. All the simulations were performed in Matlab/Simulink. It was found that the method performed satisfactorily, with a minimum stolen power of 450 W successfully detected and localised. Keywords: Electricity Theft, Smart Meters, Double Feeding, Low Voltage Radial Network, Matlab/Simulink
StartOff ACCL [Automatic Source Changeover cum Current LimiterZubair Kodiyathur
StartOff ACCL Series are designed to connect mains supply to load till mains is present. On mains failure and receiving generator power, it connects the load to DG supply. During DG operation, load drawn is monitored. If the load exceeds the allotted limit, it disrupts the supply and rechecks in intervals. On reducing the load and keeping it within the limit, load is connected to DG supply. For different applications, we have
specific models. They are with load limiter, without load limiter, transfer of load from one phase to other phase and many additional functions.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.