This document provides guidance on how to effectively structure and deliver an oral presentation. It discusses defining the topic and purpose, analyzing the audience, organizing the content into an introduction, main body, and conclusion, and using visual aids. The main body can be organized chronologically, categorically, through a cause-and-effect structure, or with a problem-solution framework. Introductions should capture attention and preview the content, while conclusions should summarize key points and end on a positive note.

2. Oral Presentation
 “Half of the world is composed of people
who have something to say and can’t,
and the other half, who have nothing to
say and keep on saying it.” - Robert Frost.
 Definition:
 An oral presentation is relatively formal
kind of a talk requiring preparation and
some amount of writing.

3. Defining Purpose
 Identifying Topic:
 The topic is a general outline of the subject.
 It should arouse interest.
 It should stand alone as a message.
 It should tell something about the presentation.
 Defining Purpose:
 Depending upon the your purpose of presentation
– to inform, to analyze, or to persuade – one should
be flexible enough to adjust to new inputs &
unexpected audiences reactions.

4. Analyzing Audience
 Know Your Audience:
 What are their interests, likes and dislikes?
 Are they familiar with the topic?
 Is their attitude hostile or friendly?
 What’s the size of the group?
 Age range? Gender distribution?
 All audiences have one thing in common;
they are at the receiving end of the process
of communication.

5. Analyzing Audience
 Know More About Your Audience:
 Audience’s Knowledge of the subject:
 Do not repeat what people already know.
 Do not spend much time of basics.
 Audience’s relation with you:
 Be clear about your relation with the audience,
e.g. subordinate or superior.
 Think about the responsibility and authority
in relation to people you are addressing.

6. Analyzing Audience
 Know More About Your Audience:
 Audience’s Participation varies as follows:
Purpose Audience’s Participation
--- Low Moderate High
Entertainment 
Ceremonial 
Informative 
Persuasive 

7. Organizing Contents
 Always prepare more material than require, as
this will help you feel confident.
 Arrange your contents into three parts:
 Introduction:
 Main Body:
 Conclusion:
 In other words,
 …Say what you want to say, say it;
then say what you’ve already said.

8. Introduction of the Speech
 “The brain starts working the moment
you are born and never stops until you
get up to speak in public” - Anonymous
 An introduction must be brief & should
state the subject.
 It should also capture attention, inspires
confidence & preview the contents that
follow.

9. Introduction of the Speech
 An introduction may be developed in
the following ways:
 Ask a question
 Tell a story or anecdote
 Refer to the occasion
 Use quotation
 Use an unusual idea or comparison
 Express its usefulness

10. Main Body of the Speech
 Depending on the topic & introduction of the
presentation, any of the following patterns of
organizing the main body can be chosen:
 Chronological:
 e. g. “The Profile of X Institution”, “Changing
Face of the Earth”, “History of Sports”
 Categorical:
 e. g. “Roll of Advertising”, “Environmental
Protection”, “Importance of Presentation”

11. Main Body of the Speech
 Depending on the topic & introduction of the
presentation, any of the following patterns of
organizing the main body can be chosen:
 Cause & Effect:
 e. g. “Impact of Cinema on Children”, “Internet
– Boon or Bane”, “Smoking in Youngsters”
 Problem – Solution:
 e. g. “The Global Warming”, “Population
Explosion”

12. Conclusion of the Speech
 “A speech is like a love affair, any fool
can start one but to end it requires
considerable skill.” - Lord Mancraft
 The conclusion of speech is almost as
important as the beginning because people
tend to remember what they hear first and
last.
 The ending of the speech should be brief,
forceful.

13. Conclusion of the Speech
 Indicate that you’ve reached the end with
verbal clue:
 “In conclusion…”
 “To sum up…”
 “Let me conclude…” or
 “Before I conclude…”
 Use summary of your speech:
 Make an appeal:
 End on a positive note:

14. Visual Aids
 Spoken words are ephemeral, & because of
this limitation, speeches often need strong
visual support:
 Handouts,
 Chalk boards,
 Flip charts,
 Overhead Projector,
 PPT Slides,
 Charts & Tables

15. Visual Aids
 Importance of visual Aids:
 Increase interest in audience
 Illustrate key points
 Signal transition from one part of the presentation
to the next
 Increase impact of the message
 Help listener retain information
 Help you to present ideas without depending on
notes
 Better option in case of language & accent problem