This document discusses two approaches to educational curriculum - the conceptual approach and community school education. The conceptual approach organizes curriculum around basic concepts and generalizations. It aims to develop thinking in learners by starting with specific facts and building concepts over time from low to high levels of abstraction. Community school education views schools as belonging to the people and harnessing local resources to address community problems. It uses schools as educational, social, and neighborhood centers.

1. EDUCATIONAL
CURRICULUM PLANNING
DEVELOPMENT &
SUPERVISIONChapter 19. The Conceptual Approach
Chapter 20. Community School Education

2. THE CONCEPTUAL
APPROACHThe Conceptual Approach may be considered either as a
way of organizing the curriculum or a way of developing
concepts through scientific inquiry.
Conceptual Approach is a method of organizing the
curriculum around basic concepts and generalization.
Concept is the categorization or classification of things,
events, or ideas.

3. THINGS TO CONSIDER…
We should not expect the learner to instantly grasp a concept.
He should first be led into learning such concept in a hierarchical and
developmental pattern.
We should start with specific facts which, when connected and
interrelated, may be used to form concepts with low level of abstraction.
The process of conceptualizing is subjective; it is personal to the

4. THINGS TO CONSIDER…
It is something only the conceptualizer or learner can do.
It is not memorizing what someone else thinks a specific concept is.
Conceptualizing means examining and reflecting on similar
experiences in order to identify their common elements and build an
orderly image of them.
The conceptual approach aims at developing a thinking-feeling-
acting man.

5. Structure is the foundational concepts and generalizations of a
discipline.
“Every minute 2,000 pages of books, newspaper, or reports are
published somewhere in the world” – Paul Todd
It is important that instruction is focused on the fundamental
ideas or on the concepts and generalizations of each major
branch of knowledge.

6. EXAMPLE:
Generalization: “Natural resources are indispensable for the
development and progress of a nation.”
Concept: Natural Resources, Development, Progress, Nation
Subconcept: Trees, Land, Minerals, Water

7. The strategy preferred in the conceptual approach may be
generally described as inquiry which is mainly premised on the
idea that due to the fast ‘turnover’ of knowledge, it is better to
stress the ‘how to learn’ rather than ‘what to learn.’
The experiential method in the conceptual approach is based on
the three basic educational principles, as stated by Pine and
Horne.

8.  Learning is change as a result of an experience which is
personally meaningful and relevant to the individual.
 Learning is both an intellectual and an emotional process.
 Learning is a cooperative and collaborative process.

9. “Learning is discovery. There is no other means of
effective learning. You can tell a child a thousand times
that the stove is hot. It doesn’t help. The child has to
discover for himself.” – Fritz Perls

10. COMMUNITY SCHOOL EDUCATION
The movement to community school education stems from a
variety of concerns about the learners and societal structures.
The Nature of Community School Education
“Community education as a process that puts meaning into the
notion that people can and should make an input into the
educational system that serves their community.” – Kerensky
1972

11. “The underlying premise of the community school to be belief that
the schools belong to the people, and that local resources can be
harnessed to attack community problems.” – Hughes
School may serve a four-fold role as follows:
 An educational center where learner and adults have optimum
opportunities for study and learning.
 A neighborhood center for cultural and recreational activities.
 A center for social services.
 A center of neighborhood and community life assisting citizens in the
study and solution of neighborhood problems.

12. Community Education and Community Schools
Community Education is a concept based process of education
for children, youth, adults.
Community Schools are vehicles that provides opportunities
for community involvement and decision-making.

13. END GAME