Humanism is a paradigm that focuses on human freedom, dignity, and potential. It emerged in the 1960s. Learning occurs through observation of others' behaviors and the results. Abraham Maslow proposed a hierarchy of needs and believed human potential was an ultimate concern. Carl Rogers believed learning must include feelings and emotions. Constructivism posits that students actively construct their own knowledge rather than having it transferred from teachers. Learning involves social interactions and experiences. Piaget and Vygotsky viewed learning as a developmental process influenced by social and cultural factors.