This is a general presentation on small ruminant nutrition. It uses graphs to illustrate the nutrient requirements of different types of sheep and goats.
This is a general presentation on small ruminant nutrition. It uses graphs to illustrate the nutrient requirements of different types of sheep and goats.
This slides contains information on precision feeding in dairy cattle and requirement of energy, protein, fat, minerals and vitamins of a dairy cattle during lactation. Precision feeding protects reproductive health and milk production while reducing the nutrient loss in manure.
Only 25-35% of the N in feed goes into milk, with the rest excreted in feces and urine.
Dairy diets often have 120-160% of the P and that the excess is excreted in the manure.
Cost of feed can be reduced.
Precision feeding helps to improve water quality
Improving the efficiency of use of feed N.
Reduce SARA condition.
Controlled-release urea in dairy cattle feed.
Straw treatment-Ammoniation.
Reducing Enteric Methane Losses from Ruminant Livestock.
Phase feeding in dairy cattle.
Feeding bypass fat in early lactation.
Use of chelated minerals in dairy animals.
Nutraceuticals in dairy animal precision feeding.
10. Use of area specific mineral mixture to precise dairy animal nutrition.
11. TMR in precision nutrition.
12. Manipulation of dietary CAD.
Five distinct feeding phases can be defined to attain optimum production, reproduction and health of dairy cows:
Early lactation—0 to 70 days (peak milk production) after calving (postpartum).
Peak DM intake—70 to 140 days (declining milk production) postpartum.
Mid and late lactation—140 to 305 days (declining milk production) postpartum.
Dry period—60 days before the next lactation.
Transition or close-up period—14 days before to parturition.
Feed top quality forage.
Make sure the diet contains adequate amounts of CP, DIP and UIP.
Increase grain intake at a constant rate after calving.
Consider adding fat (0.4-0.6 kg/cow/day) to diets.
Allow constant access to feed.
Minimize stress conditions.
Limit urea to 80-160g/day.
Buffers, such as Na bicarbonate alone or in combination with Mg oxide (rumen pH)
In Transition period
Increase grain feeding, so cows are consuming 4.5-6 kg grain/day at calving (1% of B.wt)
Increase protein in the ration to between 14 - 15 % of the ration DM
Limit fat in the ration to 0.1kg. High fat feeding will depress DM intake.
Maintain 2.5-4kg of long hay in the ration to stimulate rumination.
Feed a low-Ca ration (< 0.20%, reduce Ca intake to 14 to 18 g/d)
Also, feed a diet with a negative dietary electrolyte balance (-10 to -15meq/100 g DM) may alleviate milk fever problems
Niacin (to control ketosis) and/or anionic salts (to help prevent milk fever) should be included in the ration during this period.
OSTA TRAINING-introduction [Autosaved].pptxDeguTolera
Poultry nutrition is an integral part of poultry production. It has changed drastically as a consequence of developments in the other disciplines of animal science and also because of changes in poultry husbandry practices.
This presentation includes all the general introduction on what is food, its main functions, its classifications. Foods can generally be classified according to different basis like on nutritive value, ease of spoilage, on origin, on acidity etc.
This slides contains information on precision feeding in dairy cattle and requirement of energy, protein, fat, minerals and vitamins of a dairy cattle during lactation. Precision feeding protects reproductive health and milk production while reducing the nutrient loss in manure.
Only 25-35% of the N in feed goes into milk, with the rest excreted in feces and urine.
Dairy diets often have 120-160% of the P and that the excess is excreted in the manure.
Cost of feed can be reduced.
Precision feeding helps to improve water quality
Improving the efficiency of use of feed N.
Reduce SARA condition.
Controlled-release urea in dairy cattle feed.
Straw treatment-Ammoniation.
Reducing Enteric Methane Losses from Ruminant Livestock.
Phase feeding in dairy cattle.
Feeding bypass fat in early lactation.
Use of chelated minerals in dairy animals.
Nutraceuticals in dairy animal precision feeding.
10. Use of area specific mineral mixture to precise dairy animal nutrition.
11. TMR in precision nutrition.
12. Manipulation of dietary CAD.
Five distinct feeding phases can be defined to attain optimum production, reproduction and health of dairy cows:
Early lactation—0 to 70 days (peak milk production) after calving (postpartum).
Peak DM intake—70 to 140 days (declining milk production) postpartum.
Mid and late lactation—140 to 305 days (declining milk production) postpartum.
Dry period—60 days before the next lactation.
Transition or close-up period—14 days before to parturition.
Feed top quality forage.
Make sure the diet contains adequate amounts of CP, DIP and UIP.
Increase grain intake at a constant rate after calving.
Consider adding fat (0.4-0.6 kg/cow/day) to diets.
Allow constant access to feed.
Minimize stress conditions.
Limit urea to 80-160g/day.
Buffers, such as Na bicarbonate alone or in combination with Mg oxide (rumen pH)
In Transition period
Increase grain feeding, so cows are consuming 4.5-6 kg grain/day at calving (1% of B.wt)
Increase protein in the ration to between 14 - 15 % of the ration DM
Limit fat in the ration to 0.1kg. High fat feeding will depress DM intake.
Maintain 2.5-4kg of long hay in the ration to stimulate rumination.
Feed a low-Ca ration (< 0.20%, reduce Ca intake to 14 to 18 g/d)
Also, feed a diet with a negative dietary electrolyte balance (-10 to -15meq/100 g DM) may alleviate milk fever problems
Niacin (to control ketosis) and/or anionic salts (to help prevent milk fever) should be included in the ration during this period.
OSTA TRAINING-introduction [Autosaved].pptxDeguTolera
Poultry nutrition is an integral part of poultry production. It has changed drastically as a consequence of developments in the other disciplines of animal science and also because of changes in poultry husbandry practices.
This presentation includes all the general introduction on what is food, its main functions, its classifications. Foods can generally be classified according to different basis like on nutritive value, ease of spoilage, on origin, on acidity etc.
NCERT Solutions | Class IX | Science (Biology) | Chapter 15 | Improvement in ...Biswarup Majumder
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Biology is available in PDF format which you can download easily. Here is the most accurate and detailed Biology NCERT solutions for Class 9th CBSE textbook for free of cost.
I hope this document is helpful to you. Please share the document with your friends if you think this will benefit them. Get ready for the next solution. Thanks.
The decision to own and care for exotic birds is a decision which cannot be taken lightly. A lot of responsibility has to be accepted because a pet bird is not a low-maintenance pet. All pet birds require at least some specialized care.Very few “beginners” know the answers to the questions that arise concerning the management, breeding, rearing,disease prevention, and proper nutrition of birds. The “survivors” in aviculture have successful aviaries because their teacher has been experience, coupled with trial-anderror. Sometimes this teacher is expensive and can result in thousands of dollars of investment being lost. “Beginners” can increase their general knowledge in aviculture and
come up with answers to their questions by reading articles,
traveling to pet bird shows, attending lectures and talking
with people who have experience with pet birds.
Food can be defined as anything edible that can be solid, semisolid or liquid which when swallowed, digested and assimilated in the body, proves useful to it. These substances not only keep the person alive, but also provide energy used for growth and development, regulate the body processes and protect the body from diseases.
Feed formulation is the major part of aquaculture.The main objective of feed formulation is to utilize the knowledge of nutrient requirements, locally available feed ingredients and digestive capacity of fish for the development of a nutritionally balanced mixture of feed stuff…
Similar to Nutritional Needs of Livestock Animals (20)
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
4. 4
What are the functions of Feed?What are the functions of Feed?
I.I. The nutritional needs of animals changeThe nutritional needs of animals change
throughout the animal’s life. The amount andthroughout the animal’s life. The amount and
type of feed depends on the stagetype of feed depends on the stage of lifeof life andand
use ofuse of the animal.the animal.
5. 5
These functions can be categorizedThese functions can be categorized
into the following groups:into the following groups:
A. Maintenance is the keeping the
body at a constant state.
Every second an animal is alive it
requires energy.
The amount of energy needed by an
animal for maintenance is known as the
basal maintenance requirement.
6. 6
A maintenance diet is usually high in
carbohydrates and fats.
A maintenance diet should contain a
small amount of protein, minerals, and
vitamins.
On average, about 50 percent of an
animal's diet is used for maintenance.
Maintenance DietMaintenance Diet
Carbohydrat
es
Fats
7. 7
Growth DietGrowth Diet
B. Growth is defined as the increase in
size of the muscles, bones, internal
organs, and other parts of the body.
Animal growth requires mostly energy.
Very high levels of carbohydrates and
fats in the animal’s diet provide this
energy.
8. 8
C. Reproduction - Proper nutrition is
the key to successful and efficient
reproduction in animals.
Most reproductive failures are caused by
poor nutrition in the female.
Reproduction DietReproduction Diet
9. 9
Reproduction DietReproduction Diet
A proper reproduction ration typically
includes higher levels of protein,
minerals, and vitamins.
This is especially needed in the last three
months of gestation (pregnancy)
because this is when the fetus or unborn
offspring experiences the most growth.
Poor nutrition also affects males.
A lack of proper nutrients can lower
sperm production and fertility rates.
10. 10
Lactation DietLactation Diet
D. Lactation is the production of
milk.
A lactation ration requires even higher
levels of protein, calcium, and
phosphorus than reproduction.
11. 11
Work DietWork Diet
E. Work - A work ration is needed by
animals that are expected to
conduct all types of work and
activity for the operation.
Examples could include draft animals.
These animals require increased
carbohydrates and fats.
12. 12
What are the various feed types?What are the various feed types?
II. A feedstuff is an ingredient used in
making the feed for animals.
Feed is what animals eat to get
nutrients.
Feedstuffs can be added to feed to
provide flavor, color, or texture to
increase palatability.
Palatability is how well an animal likes
a feed.
13. 13
Feeds can be placed into three basicFeeds can be placed into three basic
categories:categories:
A. Roughages Livestock feeds that
contain more than 18 percent
crude fiber when dry are called
roughages.
This type of feed is mostly leaves
and tender stems of plants. These
plants are also known as forages.
Forages can be grouped into two
general classes:
14. 14
ForagesForages
1. A legume is a plant that can take
nitrogen from the air.
These plants have specialized root
parts called nodules, contain bacteria
that aid in this process.
All of the clovers (shaftal or berseem),
as well as lucerne, soybeans, trefoil,
lespedeza, peas, and beans are
legumes.
16. 16
Forages Continue:Forages Continue:
2. Nonlegume roughages cannot use
the nitrogen from the air.
They are usually lower in protein than
the legume roughages.
Some examples of this type of
roughage are: corn silage, fodders,
bluegrass, timothy, redtop,
bromegrass, orchard grass, fescue,
and prairie grasses.
17. 17
ConcentratesConcentrates
B. Concentrates - livestock feeds
that contain less than 18 percent
crude fiber when dry are called
concentrates.
This type of feedstuff is high in
energy.
Higher producing animals need
more nutrients from concentrates.
18. 18
ConcentratesConcentrates
1. High-energy concentrates are feeds
that contain less than 20 percent
crude protein.
Some common sources of high-energy
concentrates are maize, wheat,
sorghum, barley, rye, and oats.
2. High-protein concentrates are
feeds that contain 20 percent or more
protein.
Examples of high-protein concentrates
are soybean meal, cottonseed meal, and
sunflower meal.
20. 20
SupplementsSupplements
C. Supplements - A supplement is a
feed material high in a specific
nutrient.
Supplements are often added to feeds to
increase protein content.
Protein supplements can be divided into two
groups based on the source of the protein.
1. Animal proteins - Protein supplements that
come from animals or animal by-products.
21. 21
SupplementSupplement
Common animal proteins are tankage,
meat scraps, meat and bone meal, fish
meal, and blood meal.
Tankage is animal tissues and bones
from animal slaughterhouses and
rendering plants that are cooked, dried,
and ground.
2. Vegetable Proteins - Protein
supplements that come from plants.
Common vegetable proteins are soybean
oil meal, cottonseed oil meal, peanut oil
meal, and corn gluten feed.
22. 22
What are some ways to feedWhat are some ways to feed
animals?animals?
How and when animals are fed is an
important component of animal
production. This affects the growth and
development of the animal.
There are two basic methods in which
feed can be provided to animals:
free access and scheduled feeding.
23. 23
Free ChoiceFree Choice
A. Free access or free choice is allowing
animals to eat feed when they want
feed.
The feed is available to the animal at all
times.
This method is good for some species and
with some feedstuffs but not others.
For example, poultry can be fed concentrates
free access because they will not overeat.
However, cattle should not be fed concentrates
free access because they will overeat and could
possibly founder and die.
24. 24
B. Scheduled feeding is providing
feed at certain times of the day.
Feeding times and regularity should be
based on the needs of the animal or
management practices.
Scheduled FeedingScheduled Feeding
25. 25
Review / SummaryReview / Summary
1. What are the functions of feed?
2. What are the various feed types?
3. What are some ways to feed animals?
