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Feeds & Feeding Management Of Goats1

This document provides information on feeding and feeding management of goats. It discusses the feeding habits and digestive system of goats, important roughages and concentrates in goat diets, nutrient requirements, and feeding recommendations for different classes of goats including kids, pregnant/lactating does, and bucks. The key points covered are the selective browsing nature of goats, importance of colostrum feeding for kids, feeding recommendations for kids up to breeding age, increased nutrient demands during pregnancy and lactation, and adjusting feed amounts based on production levels.

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DEPARTMENT OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENTLPM 312Feed and feeding management of goatsIRSHAD 2K6,COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES,MANNUTHYKERALA, INDIA
Feeding habits of goatsSelective feeding
Browsing-mobile lips & very prehensile tongue. They can graze on very short grass and browse on foliage
Fastidious eating habits – consume wide varieties of feeds & vegetation than sheep or cattle.Ability & distinguish between various tastes
Consume certain species at definite stage & reject them at other stage
Rumen is not developed at birth but young kids start picking at hay or grass at 2-3 weeks of age and by 3-4 months the rumen fully functional.RoughagesGreen chop
Hays and other roughages-most economical, good quality legume hay/mixed legume grass- excellent source of nutrients
Mixed hay should contain at least 50% legume hay
Hays- Alfalfa, red clover, ladino clover
Tree leaves- Pipal, Neem, Mango, Asoka, mulberry etc.Shrubs, herbs & climbers-Jharhari, Karonda, Gokhurch
Grasses- Anjan, Senji, Hirankhuri
Vegetable wastes- Carrot, Raddish, Turnip, Cabbages, Cauliflower, Mustard
Cultivated fodders- Lucerne, Berseem, Cowpea, Mustard, Sorghum, Maize
Pods & berries – Gular, Pakar.
Hays and straws- Oat hay, Paddy hay, MaizeEnergy feeds- Corn, Oats, Barley, Milo & wheat & byproducts
Protein feeds- Cotton seed meal, Soya bean meal & others(Copra meal, Peanut meal, Sunflower meal, distillers dry grain).
Urea and NPN substancesConcentrates
Commercial feedsComplete food- roughage and concentrate combined
Concentrates
Protein supplementFeed preparationsPelleting and cubingConcentrate requirement for adult goatMaintenance- 250 g/ 50 Kg body weight
Production rate – 450g /2.5 L milk/doe
Pregnancy- during last months of gestation-220g / day/doeFormulation of concentrate mixtureWheat bran – 1 partGrain (maize , barley) – 2 partsOil cake (linseed cake, GNC) – 1 partMineral mix – 2%Salt – 0.5% 
Example for concentrate mix
Nutrient requirements of goats
Dry matterFor better growth and production performance, all nutrients should be present in the ration in correct proportion.
DM consumption is different for meat and dairy type goats.
It is 3-4 % of body weight for dairy type
5-7 % in meat type goats. EnergyEnergy is the vital component of goat diet affecting utilization of other nutrients and overall productivity. If more energy provided, the goat will gain weight faster. 1g live wt gain/3g starch equivalent1kg milk/ 300 g SE.
ProteinA minimum of 6 % total protein requirement in diet. additional protein requirement for growth pregnancy, lactation and mohair production This can be achieved by adding concentrates in the ration.
MineralsGoat milk is rich in minerals
Na, Cl, Ca, P, S are the main minerals to be supplemented.
Ca and P require in larger quantities.
It is recommended to feed a mix made of equal parts of iodised salt and dicalcium phosphate at free choice.
Formulate mineral mix using sterilized bone meal, lime stone, iodised salt, copper sulphate, zinc oxide and ferrous carbonate. DM Vitamins and antibiotics Vitamins A, D & E are to be supplementedGreen forages and yellow maize are rich in Vitamin A. Vitamin D can be obtained from sunlightVitamin E present in almost all rations.