The document discusses various topics in ecology including ecosystems, ecological succession, food chains, food webs, and different types of ecosystems such as forests, grasslands, deserts, and aquatic ecosystems. It provides information on key concepts such as how ecosystems include organisms and their environment, how ecological succession occurs when environmental conditions change, how food chains transfer energy from producers to consumers to decomposers, and how food webs show overlapping food chains. It also describes different forest, grassland, desert, and aquatic ecosystems and their characteristics.

2. Ecology and Ecosystems
 Ecology is the scientific study of relations that living organisms
have with respect to each other and their natural environment.
 Under ecology, we study various ecosystems which are a part
of the biosphere.
 An ecosystem includes all the organisms and the nonliving
environment that are found in a particular place.

3. Ecological Succession

4. Ecological Succession
 Ecological succession is the
observed process of change
in the species structure of
an ecological community
over time.
 Ecological succession
occurs when the conditions
of an environment
suddenly and drastically
change.

6. Food Chain
 A food chain shows the feeding relationship between different
living things in a particular habitat.
 Food chains show how energy is passed from the sun to
producers, from producers to consumers, and from consumers to
decomposers.
 In any ecosystem, many food chains overlap. When this
happens, the food chain forms a food web.

7. PRIMARY SECONDARY
PRODUCERS
CONSUMERS CONSUMERS
GRASS HERBIVORES CARNIVORES
GRASS DEER LION

8. Food Web
 A food web is a graphical
description of feeding
relationship among species
in an ecological community.
 It even specifies the energy
relation and transfer of
energy amongst them.
 There are many food chains
contained in these food
webs

9. Ecological Pyramid

10. Types Of Ecosystems
Forest Ecosystem
Grassland Ecosystem
Desert Ecosystem
Aquatic Ecosystem

11. Forest Ecosystem
 A forest ecosystem is
a terrestrial unit of
living organisms.
 All interacting among
themselves and with
the environment (soil,
climate, water and
light) in which they
live.

12. Types Of Forest Ecosystems
Tropical Rain Forest
Tropical Seasonal Forest
Temperate Evergreen and Deciduous Forest
Boreal Forest
Savanna and Woodland

14. Grassland Ecosystem
A biological community
that contains few trees
or shrubs characterized
by mixed herbaceous
vegetation cover,
dominated by grasses or
grass like plants.
It occupies about 19% of
earth’s surface.

16. Types Of Grassland Ecosystem
Tropical and subtropical grasslands
Temperate grasslands
Flooded grasslands
Montane grasslands
Tundra grasslands
Desert and xeric grasslands

18. Desert Ecosystem
 A desert ecosystem exists
where there is little rainfall
and the climate is extreme in
harshness.
 It occupies about 17% of
the earth’s surface.

19. Types Of Desert Ecosystem
Hot and Dry Deserts
Cold Deserts
Semi-Arid Deserts
Coastal Deserts

22. Aquatic Ecosystem
 It is an ecosystem located in a
water bodies.
 The two main types of aquatic
ecosystems are marine
ecosystems and freshwater
ecosystems.

23. Types Of Aquatic Ecosystem
Marine Ecosystem.
Freshwater Ecosystem
1.Lentic
2.Lotic
3.Wetland

25. Responsibilities towards ecosystem

26. Inference
• After studying and analyzing the various ecosystems, their
internal components, biotic factors; we can very well conclude
that man is the part and parcel of these God gift.
• It’s the foremost responsibility to include the conservation
and maintenance of these precious gift of nature as crucial
priority in our life.

27. THANK YOU